重庆市暴雨强度公式、设计暴雨雨型及适用范围、山地城市非金属管道排水最大流速试验成果、埋地塑料排水管道覆土深度_第1页
重庆市暴雨强度公式、设计暴雨雨型及适用范围、山地城市非金属管道排水最大流速试验成果、埋地塑料排水管道覆土深度_第2页
重庆市暴雨强度公式、设计暴雨雨型及适用范围、山地城市非金属管道排水最大流速试验成果、埋地塑料排水管道覆土深度_第3页
重庆市暴雨强度公式、设计暴雨雨型及适用范围、山地城市非金属管道排水最大流速试验成果、埋地塑料排水管道覆土深度_第4页
重庆市暴雨强度公式、设计暴雨雨型及适用范围、山地城市非金属管道排水最大流速试验成果、埋地塑料排水管道覆土深度_第5页
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附录A暴雨强度公式的编制方法A.0.1降雨资料的站点应首选区域内的国家气象站,若无国家气象站可考虑其他降雨观测站,但应保证站点独立性,不可采用数个站点数据混合。A.0.2按照气象数据审核规范,对原始资料进行数据质量检查、审核和均一性说明,历史自记纸降雨资料处理,按照附录E规定进行。A.0.3降雨历时采用5min、10min、15min、20min、30min、45min、60min、90min、120min、150min、180min共11个历时。A.0.4样本按照降序排列,样本经验频率按以下公式计算:p=m/(n+1)(A.0.4)QUOTE式中:p——为经验频率;m——为排序数;n——为样本容量,即样本总数。A.0.5重现期与经验频率按照以下公式换算:P=1/p(A.0.5)QUOTE式中:P——重现期;p——经验频率(%)。A.0.6降雨重现期按2年、3年、5年、10年、20年、30年、50年、100年的8个重现期计算。A.0.7频率分布拟合推荐采用皮尔逊-Ⅲ型、耿贝尔型函数曲线和指数分布曲线。各地亦可根据本地降雨特点进行多种频率分布函数的拟合试验,从而优选理论频率曲线函数。拟合频率分布曲线时,应结合经验,在控制拟合精度的同时注意频率曲线的总体协调。A.0.8根据确定的频率分布曲线,得出重现期(P)、降雨强度(i)和降雨历时(t)三者关系值,即P-i-t关系表。A.0.9暴雨强度公式应按下列规定计算:1单一重现期暴雨强度公式,按下式计算:令A=167A1(1+ClgP),则得到一个简化的表达式,即为单一重现期公式:(A.0.9-1)对上式两边取对数,并令:,,’,,简化为一元线性方程形式:(A.0.9-2)采用数值逼近法和最小二乘法,给定b值,推算A、n’值,调整b值直至均方根误差最小,确定A、b、n’值。2区间参数公式,按下式计算:若根据实际需求,要计算某一重现期(单一重现期以外)的暴雨强度公式,采用区间参数公式,形式为:(A.0.9-3)式中y为A、b、n’参数中的任一个,P为重现期,C为常数。可根据需要,把1~100年重现期划分为二个区间,如:1~10年和10~100年。将A、b、n’代入区间参数公式,得到:(A.0.9-4)(A.0.9-5)(A.0.9-6)三式中,A、b、n’和P是已知数,A1、A2、CA、b1、b2、Cb及n’1、n’2、Cn都是未知数。根据求得的单一重现期P下的A、b、n’值,利用最小二乘法,可解得未知数A1、A2、CA、b1、b2、Cb及n’1、n’2、Cn,从而得到1~10年和10~100年二个区间的A、b、n’值,即可得到区间参数公式。3暴雨强度总公式,按下式计算:对暴雨强度公式两边取对数得:(A.0.9-7)令,,,,,简化为二元线性方程形式:(A.0.9-8)应用数值逼近法和最小二乘法求解,确定A1,C,b,n’。A.0.10精度检验应满足下列要求:计算重现期在2年~20年时,平均绝对均方根误差不宜大于0.05mm/min;平均相对均方根误差不宜大于5%。A.0.11山地城市宜补充利用加密观测的其它降雨资料,分析本地强降雨的区域分布特征,为暴雨强度公式的适用范围提供依据。附录B设计暴雨雨型确定技术B.0.1雨峰位置系数:将各降雨历时的降雨过程样本,以5min为间隔进行分段,统计降雨过程的雨峰位置系数,雨峰位置系数为样本的算术平均。(B.0.1)式中,ri——雨峰位置系数;ti——降雨峰值时刻;Ti——降雨历时。B.0.2芝加哥雨型法根据雨峰位置系数r,设计暴雨重现期(P)、设计降雨历时(t),代入根据暴雨强度公式导出的芝加哥法雨型公式,计算出雨峰前后瞬时降雨强度及各个时段内的平均降雨强度,最终确定出对应一定重现期及降雨历时的芝加哥法雨型。令过程的总历时为t0,峰前的瞬时强度曲线为Ia,相应的历时为ta,降雨累计量为Ha,峰后的瞬时强度曲线为Ib,相应历时为tb,降雨累计量为Hb,总降雨量。取一定重现期下暴雨强度公式形式为:;雨峰前后瞬时降雨强度可由下式计算:当0≤t≤ta时:(B.0.2-1)当0≤t≤tb时:(B.0.2-2)式中,A、b、n为一定重现期下暴雨强度公式中的参数,t为峰值前后时刻距雨峰的历时,r为雨峰位置系数,是根据每场降雨不同历时峰值时刻与整个历时的比值而加权平均确定的,r位于0~1之间。在求出雨峰位置系数r之后,可计算雨型各时段(以5min计)的累积降雨量:当0≤t≤rT时:(B.0.2-3)当rT≤t≤T时:(B.0.2-4)式中。在计算出雨型各时段的累积降雨量之后,各时段的平均降雨量可依次相减求出,进而得到每个时段内的平均降雨强度,最终确定出对应一定重现期及降雨历时的芝加哥雨型。B.0.3同频率雨型分析法同频率分析法要求设计暴雨雨型不同时段(60min、120min、...)的降雨量均分别等于设计暴雨量。根据雨峰位置系数r,峰值强度采用最大5分钟平均强度,剩余时段按样本平均值确定分配比例,根据峰值对齐,依次将60min扩展为120min、180min、…直至所需要的历时,最终确定出一定降雨历时的设计暴雨雨型。同频率分析法:以1440min历时为例,时段间隔5min。①计算各历时雨峰位置系数,计算5min和60min时段平均降雨量;②峰值位置降雨强度用5min平均降雨量取代,计算其余各5min时段降雨量百分比(按样本各时段平均值除以剩余55min降雨量),用60min设计雨量减去5min降雨量后乘以其余各时段百分比,即可得到60min历时设计暴雨过程。③60min扩展为120min时,根据峰值对齐原则,将60min设计雨量放在120min对应的位置上,其余60min重复②计算过程,得到120min历时设计暴雨过程。④以此类推,通过短推长最终得到1440min历时设计暴雨过程。附录C重庆市暴雨强度公式及适用范围C.0.1重庆市主城区暴雨强度公式的计算应符合下列要求:重庆市主城区暴雨强度公式包括沙坪坝暴雨强度公式、渝北暴雨强度公式和巴南暴雨强度公式。沙坪坝暴雨强度公式:(C.0.1-1)式中:q——暴雨强度(升/秒·公顷);P——设计重现期(年);t——降雨历时(min);下同。渝北暴雨强度公式:(C.0.1-2)巴南暴雨强度公式:(C.0.1-3)C.0.2主城区暴雨强度公式适用范围应满足下列要求:1沙坪坝区暴雨强度公式适用范围:长江和嘉陵江之间的地区,包括沙坪坝、渝中、九龙坡、大渡口区和部分北碚区(嘉陵江以南区域)。2巴南区暴雨强度公式适用范围:长江以南地区,包括巴南、南岸区。3渝北区暴雨强度公式适用范围:长江和嘉陵江以北的地区,包括渝北、江北区和大部分北碚区(嘉陵江以北区域)。C.0.3主城区外各区县暴雨强度公式的计算应符合下列要求:璧山暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-1)式中:q——暴雨强度(升/秒·公顷);P——设计重现期(年);t——降雨历时(min);下同。荣昌暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-2)长寿暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-3)涪陵暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-4)江津暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-5)合川暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-6)永川暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-7)南川暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-8)大足暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-9)铜梁暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-10)潼南暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-11)万盛暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-12)綦江暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-13)彭水暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-14)黔江暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-15)石柱暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-16)武隆暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-17)秀山暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-18)酉阳暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-19)万州暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-20)梁平暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-21)城口暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-22)垫江暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-23)忠县暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-24)开州暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-25)云阳暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-26)奉节暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-27)巫山暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-28)巫溪暴雨强度公式:(C.0.3-29)丰都暴雨强度公式: (C.0.3-30)附录D重庆市设计暴雨雨型及适用范围D.0.1重庆市设计暴雨雨型重庆市设计暴雨雨型包括Ⅰ区设计暴雨雨型、Ⅱ区设计暴雨雨型、Ⅲ区设计暴雨雨型、Ⅳ区设计暴雨雨型和Ⅴ区设计暴雨雨型。D.0.2重庆市设计暴雨雨型适用范围Ⅰ区设计暴雨雨型适用范围包括:主城区、璧山、荣昌、大足、铜梁、潼南、合川、永川、江津、綦江、万盛。Ⅱ区设计暴雨雨型适用范围包括:长寿、垫江、梁平、忠县、开州、万州。Ⅲ区设计暴雨雨型适用范围包括:涪陵、丰都、石柱、南川、武隆。Ⅳ区设计暴雨雨型适用范围包括:彭水、黔江、酉阳、秀山。Ⅴ区设计暴雨雨型适用范围包括:巫山、奉节、云阳、巫溪、城口。D.0.3重庆市设计暴雨雨型结果Ⅰ区设计暴雨雨型:表D.0.3-1设计暴雨量(单位:mm)2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小时43.851.360.371.783.188.896.1106.32小时57.869.283.4101.4118.7127.4138.8154.63小时67.081.599.8123.0145.0156.2170.8191.224小时99.1116.3135.0157.9179.0190.7205.1224.1表D.0.3-21小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%4.595.336.478.5813.9619.2611.478.346.725.725.034.52表D.0.3-32小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%2.072.242.442.703.053.554.365.9110.4613.148.076.03时段131415161718192021222324比例/%4.914.213.713.353.062.832.652.492.352.242.142.05表D.0.3-43小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%1.331.391.461.551.651.761.912.092.322.643.123.92时段131415161718192021222324比例/%5.5910.779.025.994.623.833.322.952.672.452.282.13时段252627282930313233343536比例/%2.011.901.811.731.661.601.541.491.441.391.351.32表D.0.3-524小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%0.040.070.090.110.150.160.160.150.170.160.140.14时段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.120.090.110.080.110.090.070.070.100.090.060.05时段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.060.050.040.050.050.050.060.100.070.090.080.07时段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.080.080.070.070.050.080.060.050.060.060.070.09时段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.070.040.040.050.050.060.070.080.130.080.070.09时段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.070.050.070.110.130.050.100.130.140.120.110.11时段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.120.100.120.200.220.260.300.480.560.620.320.47时段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.450.490.530.650.540.540.680.570.310.570.710.64时段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%0.740.700.600.620.690.821.060.620.910.851.250.88时段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%1.381.501.682.403.052.422.995.382.862.522.582.51时段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%2.142.041.701.181.271.081.010.910.850.810.670.65时段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%0.570.500.530.490.510.500.440.320.280.280.290.26时段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%0.280.350.370.420.330.300.360.340.320.400.370.38时段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.400.360.310.250.250.250.220.230.370.330.340.39时段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.280.290.290.260.230.230.200.230.240.230.180.16时段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.140.140.140.120.140.140.150.140.120.140.260.23时段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.240.200.150.170.150.130.120.120.160.120.130.12时段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.130.120.130.110.110.090.100.120.090.090.090.08时段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.080.090.100.190.180.220.160.150.170.130.180.18时段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.180.210.160.140.130.120.180.160.160.140.100.12时段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.120.100.130.140.070.070.110.070.110.070.120.08时段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.090.080.080.080.090.110.080.130.130.130.100.08时段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.090.120.080.070.070.080.100.050.040.040.030.06时段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.040.040.030.050.040.040.050.040.040.040.040.16Ⅱ区设计暴雨雨型:表D.0.3-6设计暴雨量(单位:mm)2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小时41.348.456.466.476.081.888.497.72小时52.360.669.781.292.299.3106.5117.13小时60.169.279.392.0104.1108.9119.9131.624小时87.4102.2117.9136.4152.7161.7172.5186.5表D.0.3-71小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%3.083.865.117.3712.3624.5516.489.406.354.713.713.04表D.0.3-82小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%1.151.281.461.681.992.433.094.196.3111.5520.4911.72时段131415161718192021222324比例/%7.215.063.843.072.552.171.881.661.491.351.231.13表D.0.3-93小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%0.670.720.780.840.931.031.151.301.511.792.192.79时段131415161718192021222324比例/%3.815.7910.8218.4610.356.454.563.472.782.311.971.71时段252627282930313233343536比例/%1.521.361.231.121.030.960.890.830.780.740.700.66表D.0.3-1024小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%0.080.100.080.070.070.090.100.140.170.160.120.16时段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.110.070.080.090.080.090.150.130.090.060.080.10时段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.050.050.040.050.060.050.050.050.060.060.060.05时段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.080.100.100.120.110.090.090.090.110.130.090.08时段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.110.100.160.150.140.120.090.070.070.080.080.09时段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.100.100.070.090.100.120.100.120.100.130.310.43时段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.300.230.170.220.190.210.250.270.330.350.540.76时段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.660.530.390.490.390.370.400.460.500.520.470.75时段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%0.990.970.820.670.990.860.940.710.991.020.900.79时段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%1.011.131.742.142.722.482.172.145.942.302.272.55时段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%2.192.232.080.850.900.930.870.750.670.720.690.78时段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%0.700.450.540.480.420.450.390.550.590.550.500.41时段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%0.400.340.350.360.380.360.340.300.290.280.320.28时段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.250.260.290.290.350.320.310.430.530.400.320.31时段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.340.360.260.210.220.210.260.300.300.300.270.29时段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.250.240.280.230.170.180.210.200.150.130.210.24时段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.280.190.130.110.120.100.160.210.130.170.160.17时段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.160.120.150.110.100.110.150.180.100.070.390.37时段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.250.330.260.210.150.160.140.130.100.060.080.13时段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.120.090.100.080.080.060.070.060.060.090.050.08时段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.070.060.070.080.050.050.050.070.110.170.120.15时段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.150.110.120.110.070.040.050.060.070.070.060.06时段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.060.050.060.070.060.060.060.040.040.060.030.06时段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.040.030.050.040.040.040.040.050.050.070.050.07Ⅲ区设计暴雨雨型:表D.0.3-11设计暴雨量(单位:mm)2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小时36.841.146.252.659.262.566.772.42小时46.552.459.468.377.381.787.495.23小时54.561.770.381.292.297.6104.7114.224小时80.991.9102.8115.4126.2132138.9147.9表D.0.3-121小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%3.664.415.577.6212.0922.7415.079.196.605.164.253.63表D.0.3-132小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%1.521.661.852.092.412.863.544.707.0414.0015.598.83时段131415161718192021222324比例/%6.114.683.803.202.782.462.212.011.851.711.601.50表D.0.3-143小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%0.941.001.081.171.281.421.601.832.172.663.505.16时段131415161718192021222324比例/%9.9715.048.695.964.533.663.072.662.352.101.911.75时段252627282930313233343536比例/%1.621.511.411.331.261.201.141.091.041.000.960.93表D.0.3-1524小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%0.010.030.060.050.040.030.030.040.040.040.050.07时段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.070.060.060.060.040.060.060.050.060.060.040.03时段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.060.110.090.080.040.020.090.060.060.090.040.08时段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.050.040.070.190.080.050.050.050.070.150.220.13时段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.060.070.070.050.060.070.070.100.060.070.060.06时段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.070.070.080.100.050.050.050.060.070.090.110.11时段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.090.140.120.200.130.150.230.210.270.270.270.30时段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.310.280.320.430.481.001.071.460.681.291.011.14时段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%1.240.871.181.091.141.021.241.941.562.142.422.72时段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%2.762.456.092.292.542.912.232.001.960.810.750.90时段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%0.850.851.130.980.960.740.630.660.580.610.570.52时段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%0.490.860.690.590.540.450.530.580.570.490.450.44时段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%0.400.310.370.350.380.420.490.410.380.370.330.30时段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.270.300.270.260.230.240.360.270.300.430.290.29时段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.410.250.220.140.200.200.170.160.180.170.160.16时段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.200.150.120.110.080.110.110.140.120.160.180.16时段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.140.150.220.220.170.280.270.160.120.100.100.13时段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.110.090.060.060.080.060.060.050.050.050.050.06时段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.080.060.060.100.060.190.180.150.150.100.090.13时段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.150.100.090.090.120.070.100.120.110.090.100.09时段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.070.110.090.090.110.090.090.080.080.070.060.06时段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.040.060.050.060.050.060.070.080.070.070.060.07时段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.060.060.070.060.060.050.040.060.080.070.070.07时段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.130.200.090.070.010.080.070.080.020.010.010.49Ⅳ区设计暴雨雨型:表D.0.3-16设计暴雨量(单位:mm)2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小时41.547.955.063.972.477.283.591.82小时55.565.676.991.1104.6108.4122.2135.43小时63.675.187.9104.1119.5131.5139.5154.524小时93.3109.1126.5147.8167.6178.7192.4210.3表D.0.3-171小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%4.274.845.697.1210.1821.8515.759.016.735.534.784.25表D.0.3-182小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%1.982.102.232.402.592.853.183.654.385.689.0117.03时段131415161718192021222324比例/%8.735.774.513.793.322.972.712.512.342.202.081.98表D.0.3-193小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%1.291.331.381.441.501.571.651.741.851.972.132.32时段131415161718192021222324比例/%2.582.923.434.276.0612.869.655.394.003.282.832.52时段252627282930313233343536比例/%2.282.101.951.831.731.641.561.491.431.381.331.29表D.0.3-2024小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%0.130.180.150.220.110.080.070.110.100.070.070.05时段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.050.190.270.090.100.080.100.100.140.110.090.10时段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.110.100.140.100.120.120.110.110.090.090.080.08时段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.110.110.130.170.140.130.110.100.090.100.150.12时段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.140.100.120.130.140.130.130.110.080.090.120.09时段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.080.090.080.060.080.090.100.070.080.110.110.12时段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.140.110.060.090.070.080.070.070.090.090.100.10时段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.110.180.200.220.220.190.180.220.230.220.240.23时段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%0.280.330.270.420.410.370.450.520.520.470.590.57时段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%0.470.680.540.530.480.490.550.620.710.730.750.76时段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%0.690.880.780.800.931.171.291.451.481.632.292.53时段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%2.592.732.476.092.602.642.762.401.961.801.061.08时段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%1.161.050.950.910.960.860.690.550.490.470.460.39时段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.390.380.400.440.400.460.420.350.330.370.390.37时段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.370.330.390.300.310.270.230.260.270.300.280.22时段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.240.210.210.220.170.190.180.160.150.160.200.15时段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.160.160.190.190.140.120.130.130.120.130.120.13时段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.110.110.180.220.180.140.130.170.170.120.130.13时段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.120.120.110.100.120.100.090.110.100.110.090.19时段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.170.180.150.120.090.100.130.090.070.090.080.10时段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.130.120.090.090.100.100.120.110.110.080.080.11时段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.110.080.080.060.090.080.080.100.120.110.100.08时段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.080.070.100.110.090.080.070.090.080.060.090.12时段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.080.090.050.060.080.090.110.070.060.080.060.09Ⅴ区设计暴雨雨型:表D.0.3-21设计暴雨量(单位:mm)2年3年5年10年20年30年50年100年1小时34.439.144.852.058.862.767.874.32小时43.249.256.365.374.078.985.393.53小时50.657.666.176.786.992.6100.2109.924小时89.1103.2118.5136.9153.9163.3174.8189.9表D.0.3-221小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%3.183.925.157.5714.2327.2813.558.105.764.473.673.12表D.0.3-232小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%1.321.461.641.882.222.713.525.089.1921.6012.747.43时段131415161718192021222324比例/%5.214.013.272.772.402.131.921.741.601.481.381.30表D.0.3-243小时设计暴雨过程时段123456789101112比例/%0.820.880.951.041.141.281.451.692.042.593.605.97时段131415161718192021222324比例/%16.0514.847.985.394.063.272.742.362.081.861.691.55时段252627282930313233343536比例/%1.431.331.241.171.101.050.990.950.910.870.840.81时段123456789101112比例/%0.100.100.080.070.040.130.060.090.160.190.140.10时段131415161718192021222324比例/%0.110.080.100.100.080.090.110.100.100.090.090.11时段252627282930313233343536比例/%0.090.070.090.100.060.090.060.050.070.060.080.05时段373839404142434445464748比例/%0.050.080.090.090.170.170.180.180.160.110.100.09时段495051525354555657585960比例/%0.080.060.060.070.110.120.130.100.080.120.150.14时段616263646566676869707172比例/%0.110.130.190.140.090.110.130.110.080.080.090.09时段737475767778798081828384比例/%0.130.090.110.090.100.130.150.230.240.250.190.16时段858687888990919293949596比例/%0.100.110.070.080.130.210.260.220.220.210.280.33时段979899100101102103104105106107108比例/%0.320.330.430.520.430.660.630.570.450.580.620.53时段109110111112113114115116117118119120比例/%0.450.410.440.560.650.611.050.981.020.820.820.76时段121122123124125126127128129130131132比例/%0.801.011.020.771.031.141.832.072.132.282.014.79时段133134135136137138139140141142143144比例/%1.861.981.711.981.881.481.150.810.900.940.960.86时段145146147148149150151152153154155156比例/%0.950.890.660.540.550.680.690.710.630.560.670.56时段157158159160161162163164165166167168比例/%0.480.590.560.500.360.400.440.450.420.430.400.31时段169170171172173174175176177178179180比例/%0.340.470.440.440.390.360.430.410.420.460.450.48时段181182183184185186187188189190191192比例/%0.450.460.430.490.360.190.230.300.360.330.230.28时段193194195196197198199200201202203204比例/%0.300.390.320.310.280.210.230.220.260.240.250.30时段205206207208209210211212213214215216比例/%0.320.300.150.130.210.190.190.130.130.180.210.21时段217218219220221222223224225226227228比例/%0.270.200.210.170.160.160.170.150.140.120.110.09时段229230231232233234235236237238239240比例/%0.140.120.160.140.120.160.150.160.150.140.150.13时段241242243244245246247248249250251252比例/%0.130.120.110.130.110.120.100.100.120.130.090.09时段253254255256257258259260261262263264比例/%0.090.080.090.130.110.110.090.090.090.110.090.07时段265266267268269270271272273274275276比例/%0.080.070.060.050.090.090.100.110.080.070.080.10时段277278279280281282283284285286287288比例/%0.080.090.090.070.050.070.050.080.070.090.080.25表D.0.3-2524小时设计暴雨过程附录E自记纸降雨记录资料处理E.0.1对以自记纸形式保存的历史降雨自记记录资料,推荐使用中国气象局组织编制的“降雨自记纸彩色扫描数字化处理系统”进行数字化处理。该系统通过计算机扫描、图像处理、数据处理,将气象站降雨自记纸图像进行数字化转换,成为逐分钟降雨量,并需要经人工审核或修正后,录入数据库。附录F暴雨强度公式编制和设计暴雨雨型的有效数字F.0.1可参照《数值修约规则与极限数值的表示和判定》GB/T8170-2008的要求,合理修约并保留有效数字。一般地,降雨历时以分钟(min)计,取整数;降雨量以(mm)计,保留2位小数;降雨强度,如5分钟降雨强度以(mm/5min)计,保留2位小数;暴雨重现期以年(a)计,取整数。经验参数A1保留3位小数;经验参数c保留3位小数;经验参数b保留1位小数;经验参数n保留3位小数。附录G山地城市非金属管道排水最大流速试验成果G.0.1管材的选择关系到系统的抗冲刷能力,抗冲刷能力与管道内流速密切相关。目前对管道抗冲刷能力的研究较少,我国现行《室外排水设计规范》(GB50014)中对管道最大设计流速的规定较笼统,不同管材的抗冲刷能力存在差异,最大设计流速的规定也应有所区分,以更好的发挥新型管材的优势。本课题重点研究塑胶管道的耐冲刷能力与相关水力参数(流速等)的关系。为山地城市排水系统的优化设计和管理维护提供技术参考,提高山地城市排水系统的运行效率。G.0.2几种材质滚动磨损试验结果如下:表G.0.2双壁波纹管、HDPE压力管、钢管、玻璃钢夹砂管、混凝土管不同旋转数下的磨损量(mm)项目40万次60万次80万次100万次钢管0.0120.0240.0610.061夹砂管0.0120.0240.0690.090HDPE管0.0410.0920.1270.148双壁波纹管0.0420.0830.1190.147混凝土管0.4000.5100.6350.765图G.0.2显示,随着旋转次数增加,五种管材的磨损值随旋转次数均呈线性增加,在实验条件基本相当的情况下,100万转时水泥管磨损值为0.765mm,钢管0.0616mm(表1),四种管材的耐磨性能依次为:钢管>玻璃钢夹管>双壁波纹管>HDPE压力管>钢筋混凝土管。图G.0.2五种管道磨损情况G.0.3数据分析过程如下:1思路现有规定钢管最大设计流速10m/s,水泥管最大流速5m/s,据试验表明,钢管磨损量最小,水泥管磨损量最大,以钢管最大流速为上限,水泥管最大流速为下限,相对应磨损值为参数拟合曲线,计算出其他材质对应条件下磨损值的设计流速;以HDPE管冲刷数据及降雨统计数据验证。2内插计算几种塑胶管道设计流速根据试验结果,以钢管的最大流速为上限,钢筋混凝土的流速为下限,假定流速(x值)分别为5.0m/s和10m/s试验中钢筋混凝土管和钢管旋转100万次80万次60万次后的磨损值作为对应的y值得到以下方程。K=-0.140V+1.468(100万转)(G.0.3-1)K=-0.114V+1.208(80万转)(G.0.3-2)K=-0.097V+0.996(60万转)(G.0.3-2)式中:V——流速,m/s;K——管道磨损值,mm。将HDPE管压力管和双壁波纹管旋转100万次,80万次,60万次后的磨损量代入到对应的拟合方程中得到不同材质管道的最大设计流速见表G.0.3-1。表G.0.3-1不同旋转次数下各种管材的最大设计流速拟合计算结果项目钢管玻璃钢夹砂HDPE压力管双壁波纹管混凝土100万转10m/s9.85m/s9.42m/s9.43m/s5m/s80万转10m/s9.99m/s9.49m/s9.55m/s5m/s60万转10m/s10m/s9.32m/s9.41m/s5m/s3HDPE压力管最大设计流速验证通过滚筒在相同工况下对几种管材进行模拟冲刷磨损试验,内插法计算出几种塑胶管道最大设计流速均大于9m/s,故冲刷试验最大设计流速按照9m/s设定验证。试验的过程中通过流量计来检测管道流速,流量计的实际过水内经为100mm,流速约2.54m/s,以此换算出DN63,DN75,DN90(以实际内径计)的流速分别为9.0m/s,6.4m/s,4.5m/s。冲刷验证试验结果如表G.0.3-2、图G.0.3,不同冲刷流速条件下,磨损值与冲刷时间呈线性增长趋势。1000h时,9m/s流速条件下磨损量约0.24mm。综合三种不同流速的磨损值,可以推断磨损值的大小与管道流速成线性正比,且流速越大磨损值增加越明显,说明流速是管道磨损的重要因素。图G.0.3HDPE管冲刷试验磨损情况表G.0.3-2不同流速的水流随冲刷时间变化对管壁冲刷情况统计9.0m/s6.4m/s4.5m/s100h0.0130.00820.004200h0.0330.0160.009300h0.0610.0250.017400h0.0890.0340.029500h0.1170.0430.038600h0.1430.0590.051700h0.170.0780.060800h0.1940.0950.069900h0.2050.1110.0741000h0.2390.1160.0904不同流速对管道的磨损计算HDPE压力管材在冲刷100h、200h、300h、400h、500h、600h、700h、800h、900h、1000h后的管道平均磨损值见表G.0.3-3。表G.0.3-3HDPE压力管道冲刷磨损值表1m/s2m/s3m/s4m/s5m/s6m/s7m/s8m/s9m/s100h0.000450.001210.002230.003510.005050.006850.008910.011230.01381200h0.000550.001810.003870.006730.010390.014850.020110.026170.03303300h0.000560.002240.005540.010460.0170.025160.034940.046340.05936400h0.001770.004610.009650.016890.026330.037970.051810.067850.08609500h0.002090.005560.012010.021440.033850.049240.067610.088960.11329600h0.004680.010670.019740.031890.047120.065430.086820.111290.13884700h0.006320.014490.026040.040970.059280.080970.106040.134490.16632800h0.00810.018410.03230.049770.070820.095450.123660.155450.19082900h0.010150.02280.038730.057940.080430.10620.135250.167580.203191000h0.011330.024740.042270.063920.089690.119580.153590.191720.23397将上表的数据按流速-时间拟合得到不同流速下时间和冲刷量的对应关系曲线。根据重庆市2004年至2014年十年的降雨统计数据,利用InforworksICM软件,统计不同流速的时间分布,在设计最大流速为9m/s时,带入拟合方程中得出相应的十年冲刷磨损量,按照设计使用年限50年,计算结果如表G.0.3-4所示。表G.0.3-4HDPE压力管道五十年冲刷磨损值统计表流速时间min10年降雨(h)50年降雨(h)计算方程磨损量8≤v<91502.50012.500y=0.00013810x

R²=1.000000000.001737≤v<885014.16770.833y=0.0001992x-0.0086100

R²=0.995807810.005506≤v<7142523.750118.750y=0.0001601x-0.0083495

R²=0.994236660.010665≤v<6293548.917244.583y=0.0001251x-0.0078536

R²=0.990649280.022754≤v<56230103.833519.167y=0.0000942x-0.0071222

R²=0.983966200.041803≤v<417305288.4171442.083y=0.0000675x-0.0061554

R²=0.972621190.045842≤v<340805680.0833400.417y=0.0000448x-0.0049531

R²=0.954691360.147651≤v<21017051695.0838475.417y=0.0000264x-0.0035154

R²=0.929768790.220230<v<1411723568620.583343102.917y=0.0000120x-0.0018422

R²=0.913458684.13020v=096777016129.500合计4.62635G.0.4试验结论如下:1拟合计算玻璃钢夹砂管的最大设计流速为9.85m/s.2拟合计算HDPE压力管的最大设计流速为9.42m/s.3拟合计算双壁波纹管的最大设计流速为9.44m/s.4冲刷试验验证结果显示,在重庆地区50年使用期限内,HDPE压力管道的设计流速为9m/s时,冲刷磨损量为4.62mm,磨损率为50.21%,管道结构没有因为冲刷磨损而破坏。G.0.5相关建议如下:本试验结果在为期一年时间试验中所得数据推导完成,塑胶管道在实际使用中,应考虑老化及长期效应,建议塑胶管道最大设计流速为8m/s。本研究同重庆大学姜文超教授试验结果一致,塑胶管道最大设计流速8m/s。2006年重庆市政委文件(渝市政委[2006]178号)《关于统一主城排水工程三级管网改造建设初步设计及技术措施的通知》中将HDPE双壁波纹管或其他复合材料管最大设计流速提升至7.5m/s,至今运行近10年,并未出现安全问题,为此次标准对塑胶管道流速的修订提供了重要支撑。附录H管道的综合性能比较表H管道的综合性能比较管材类型PPHM双壁波纹管热态缠绕结构壁管钢管PE钢带增强波纹管PE双壁波纹管钢筋混凝土管玻璃钢夹砂管执行标准Q/ZGD06-2013埋地用高强度聚丙烯(PP-HM)双壁波纹管材GB/T19472.2-2004埋地用聚乙烯(PE)结构壁管道系统第2部分:聚乙烯缠绕结构壁管材GB/T23257-2009埋地钢制管道聚乙烯防腐层CJ/T225-2011埋地排水用钢带增强聚乙烯(PE)螺旋波纹管GB/T19472.1-2004埋地用聚乙烯(PE)结构壁管道系统第1部分:聚乙烯双壁波纹管材GB/T11836-2009《混凝土和钢筋混凝土排水管》GB/T21238-2007《玻璃纤维增强塑料夹砂管》使用寿命更长(约50年~100年)更长(约50年~100年)短(约30年,具体使用寿命与防腐等级相关性大)长(约50年)长(约50年)长(约50年)长(约50年)抗渗性强强较强强较强较弱强粗糙度(n值)0.009~0.011(0.01)10.009~0.011(0.01)0.0120.009~0.011(0.01)0.009~0.011(0.01)0.013~0.014(0.014)0.009~0.011(0.01)耐腐蚀性不易被腐蚀,抗酸碱腐蚀能力强不易被腐蚀,抗酸碱腐蚀能力强耐酸碱腐蚀能力较弱,产生泄露造成地下水污染耐腐蚀,抗酸碱能力强不易被腐蚀,抗酸碱腐蚀能力强耐酸碱能力不强,保护层腐蚀引起钢筋锈蚀,接口处易泄露造成污染较好卫生性优优一般好好差一般承受外压较易变形,埋深需较大环刚度可埋深,承受较大外压可埋深,承受较大外压较易变形,埋深需较大环刚度较易变形,埋深需较大环刚度可深埋,承受较大外压,但接口易被破坏引起渗漏较易变形,埋深需较大环刚度应用口径200mm~1800mm300mm-3000mm200mm~1800mm300mm~3000mm200mm~1200mm300mm~3000mm200mm~4000mm对管沟基础要求较高较高较高较高较高高较高施工性节省机械费用,连接方便,冬天施工质量有保证节省机械费用,连接方便,冬天施工质量有保证材质笨重、搬运、施工均不方便节省机械费用,连接方便,冬天施工质量有保证节省机械费用,连接方便,冬天施工质量有保证材质笨重、搬运、施工均不方便,手工连接作业性差材质较重、搬运、施工均不方便施工方法大开挖大开挖大开挖大开挖大开挖大开挖、顶管大开挖、顶管主要接口方式橡胶圈承插连接电熔承插现场焊接钢性接口、法兰盘连接,小管径可采用卡箍连接

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