2022中考阅读理解热点话题练 专题34 身体部位（原卷版）

PAGE8PAGE92022中考阅读理解热点话题练专题34身体部位Passage1（2017·湖南衡阳·中考真题）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。Yourbodyisspecial—notwopeopleintheworldarealike.Althoughyouaredifferentfromeveryoneelse,youhaveexactlythesamebodypartsasthepeoplearoundyou,doingdifferentjobsthatkeepallofusalive.Whatisinsidemyhead?Yourheadhousesthemostvaluablepartofyourbody—yourbrain.Asyouarereading,youreyessendpicturestoyourbrainwhichmakesmeaningfromwhatyousee.Yourbrainhelpsyoutorememberandthink,andmakesureyourbodyisdoingwhatitshould.Whatismyskinfor?Yourskincoversyourbody.Inmostpartsofyourbody,theskinisjustasthickashalfacentimeter.Ifyouhaveyourskincut,itwillhaveaquickcureandstopviruses(病毒)fromenteringyourbody.Yourskinalsohelpsyoufeeltheheatandcoldnessoftheenvironmentaroundyou.Hairgrowsfrominsidetheskin.Whenyoufeelhot,extraheatcomesoutthroughyourskin.Asaresult,yourbodytemperaturedrops.HowdoImove?Muscles(肌肉)arefoundinmostpartsofyourbody.Theyworkwithyourbonestohelpyoualot—wheneveryoucryorsmile,eatorspeak,walkordance,etc.WhydoIbreathe?Yourbodyneedstotakeinoxygenfromtheairandgiveouttheunwantedcarbondioxideinthebody.Whenyoubreathe,aircomesthroughyournoseandmouthintoyourlungswhereoxygenflowstodifferentpartsofyourbody.Whatdoesmyheartdo?Yourheartisaveryspecialmuscle.Itisslightlybiggerthanyourfist(拳头)andgrowsbiggerasyoudo.Ifyouplaceyourhandonyourheart,youwillfeelyourheartbeatingwhichforcesbloodtomovearoundyourbody.1．Whichpartofyourbodyhelpsyoutorememberandthink?A．Head. B．Heart. C．Skin.2．Theunderlinedword“houses”inthepassageprobablymeans________.A．creates B．stores C．builds3．Ifyouhavenoskincoveringyourbody,whatwouldhappen?A．Ourbodycanbeguardedbyourhair.B．Virusescan’tenterourbodyeasily.C．Wecan’tfeelthechangesintemperature.4．Whatistruefactaboutyourbody?A．Yourheartisnotthesamesizefrombirth.B．Wetakeincarbondioxidetostayalive.C．Ourmusclesstopworkingwhenwenod.5．Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．WhatYourBodyNeedsB．HowYourBodyWorksC．WhenYourBodyMovesPassage2（2017·山东济南·中考真题）Nowadays,wearehavingamuchbusierlife,andweareusingoureyesmorethaneverbefore.Soweoftenhavetiredeyesafteraday’sworkorstudy.Herearesomegoodmethodsofprotectingeyesagainsttirednesstokeepthemhealthy.POSTURE（坐姿）Getintothehabitofpayingattentiontothewayyousit.Trytosticktotheproperposturethatdoctorssuggest.HELPFULPICTURESTherearesomespecialpicturesonlinethatcanhelprelaxyoureyes.Youmaydownloadsuchpicturestoyourcomputerorsmartphone.Whenthereisnothingfarawayyoucanlookattorelaxyoureyes,youcanuseoneofthesepictures.Apicturewithsomethinglikeatunnel（隧道）initisquitepopular.Trytolookasfarintothetunnelasyoucanfor30seconds（秒）.Doyoufeelbetter?BREAKSThe20-20-20rule:takeabreakfromthescreenevery20minutesfor20secondsandlookatsomething20feet（about6meters）away.EYEEXERCISESStep1.Sittingcomfortably,imaginethereisaclockinfrontofyouandturnyoureyesupto12o’clock.Pause（停顿）forasecond,andthenloweryoureyesto6o’clock.Pauseagain,andthenrepeatthisstep10times.Completetheexercisebycuppingyourhandsoveryoureyesforafewseconds,lettingthemrestinthedarkness.Step2.Lookatsomethingontheright.Keepyoureyesonitandslowlyturnyourheadtotheleftasfaraspossible.Thendothesamethingontheleft.Repeattheexerciseacoupleoftimes.Step3.Holdyourfingerinfrontofyournoseandkeeplookingatit.Slowlymovethefingertowardsyourselfascloseasyoucanwithoutlosingfocus（焦点）.Thenlookoutsidethewindowasfaraspossible.Repeatthisseveraltimes.SPORTSTabletennisisaboutasmallballtravelingathighspeed—thebestsporttotrainyoureyesandrelaxthemuscles（肌肉）inandaroundtheeyes.Othersportsliketennis,badmintonandkiteflyingarealsogreatforrelaxingtiredeyes.6．WhichofthefollowingmethodsofprotectingeyesisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Havingtheproperposture. B．Lookingatsomethinggreen.C．Followingthe20-20-20rule. D．Playingsomekindsofsports.7．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingpicturescanhelprelaxyoureyes?A． B． C． D．8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”referto（指代）?A．Youreyes. B．Yourhands.C．Thedoctors. D．Theexercises.9．Asforeyeexercises,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．InStepl,youmusthavealargeclockinfrontofyou.B．InStep2,youshouldturnleftwhenyoulooktotheright.C．InStep3,youshouldmoveyourfingerasfarasyoucan.D．Afterfinishingeachstep,youshouldrepeatitafewtimes.10．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Wemusttakeabreakevery20minutes. B．Howtodoeyeexercisesproperly.C．Waystoprotecteyesagainsttiredness. D．Peoplehavetiredeyesveryeasily.Passage3（2021·广西贵港·中考真题）Humanshavemanyorgans（器官）,butyoucanenjoylotsofthingsbecauseofyourears.Doyouknowhowtheearswork?Theearhasthreeparts:theouterear（外耳）,themiddleearandtheinnerear（内耳）.Theouterearisthepartyoucansee.Itcollectssoundsaroundyou.Thesoundsthentraveldowntothemiddleear,theinnerearandthentoyourbrain.Yourearsneverstopworking,evenwhenyouareasleep!Inotherwords,yourearscontinuehearingsounds,butyoucan’thearthesoundsjustbecauseyourbrainignoresthem.Butearsdomorethanhear.Theyhelpyoukeepbalanced（平衡的）,too.Intheinnerear,thereareorgansthatarefilledwithliquid（液体）andcoveredwithsmallhairs.Whenyoumoveyourhead,theliquidandhairsmove,too.Theysendmessagestoyourbrainaboutthepositionofyourhead.Moresurprisingly,earsevenhelptotastefood.Ofcourse,youdon’tactuallytastefoodwithyourears.Buttherearenerves（神经）runningthroughthemiddleearthatconnectthetongue（舌头）tothebrain.Ifsomethinghappenstoyourears,youmighthaveahardtimetellingdifferenttastes.Theearsaretrulyimportantorgans.Weshouldprotectourearswell.11．Howmanypartsdoestheearhave?A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ignores”meaninChinese?A．依赖 B．暗示 C．重视 D．忽略13．Besideshearing,whatelsecanearsdo?A．Helptastefoodandtellcolors.B．Helpkeepbalancedandtellcolors.C．Helpkeepbalancedandtastefood.D．Helpkeepbalancedandwakepeopleup.14．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Theinnerearscancollectsoundsaroundyou.B．Yourearsstopworkingwhenyouareasleep.C．Ifsomethinghappenstoyourears,youmighttelldifferenttasteseasily.D．Theorgansintheinnereararefilledwithliquidandcoveredwithsmallhairs.15．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howearswork. B．Whatearscanhear.C．Howweprotectears. D．Whereearssendmessagesto.Passage4（2021·四川达州·中考真题）Withhereyesfeelingincreasinglytiredandhervisionblurry(视力模糊的),16-year-oldTianTingwenttothehospitalwithherparentsinJanuary.Shewasshockedwhenshefoundoutthathereyesightdroppedfrom5.0to4.6inonlyaterm.“Afewofmyfriendshavehadthesameexperiencelately,”Tiansaid.Infact,pooreyesightamongChineseprimaryandhighschoolstudentsrosefrom59.2percentto70.6percentinthefirstsixmonthsof2020,accordingtotheMinistryofEducation.Toprotectstudents’eyesight,theChinesegovernmenthasworkedoutnewrequirements(要求)forschoolsupplies(供应品)andequipmentsthatwilltakeeffect(生效)onMarch1,2022.Forexample,accordingtotherequirements,thesizeoftextinstudents’textbooksshouldbenosmallerthannine-point.Teachersshouldalsotrynottouseprojectors(投影仪)orothermultimediaequipments(多媒体设备)thataretoobright,BeijingDailyreported.Therearealsorequirementsfordesksandclassroomlights.Forexample,theselightsshouldgiveoff(散发)aslittlebluelightaspossible.Bluelightisbadforoureyes,asitcankillthephotoreceptorcells(光感器细胞)weneedforvision,accordingtoHarvardMedicalSchool.Manyoftheelectronicdevicesweuseeveryday,likeourphonesandcomputerscreens,giveoffbluelight.Chinesegovernmenthasalsotakenotherstepstoprotectstudents’eyesightinChina.InMay2020,theNationalHealthCommissionurgedschoolstomakesurethatstudentshaveatleasttwohoursofoutdooractivityaday.16．Inthefirsthalfof2020,therewere________ofstudentsbecomingshort-sighted.A．0.4% B．11.4% C．59.2% D．70.6%17．Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A．schoolsusetextbookswiththesmallersizeoftextB．teachersuseover-brightmultimediaequipmentsC．studentsaremadesuretohavefewerthantwohoursofoutdooractivityadayD．schoolsuselightsthatgiveofflessbluelight18．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Howtoprotectusfromillness. B．Howtohaveoutdooractivity.C．Howtouseelectronicdevices. D．Howtoprotectstudents’eyesight.Passage5（2021·江苏苏州·中考真题）Everybodyhasabrain,butnotmanypeopleknowhowthebrainworks.Somepeoplebelievethatthebrainisliketheharddiskofacomputer.Weuseittostorefiles—pictures,language(words,texts,sounds)andsoon.Otherscomparethebraintoahugecupboardwithlotsofshelvesandboxesinit.Weputinformationintotheseboxesandhopetofinditagainlater.ThebrainisnotAcomputerdisk,Anditisn’tacupboard.Lookatthepicturehere.Itlooksabitlikeweeds（杂草）inagarden,doesn’tit?Thepictureactuallyshowsachild’sneocortex—apartofthebrainthatcontrolssightandhearing.Youcanguesswhathappens—more“weeds”growasthechildgetsolder.Scientistscalltheseneuronal（神经元的）networks.Thenetworksgrowaroundourneurons.-Whatmakesthemgrow?Learning!“Learningisbrainchange,”saysProfessorJamesZullfromCaseWesternUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,USA．“Withoutlearning,nothingchangesinthebrain.ForeverynewwordyoulearninyourEnglishlesson,everyproblemyousolveinmaths,everynewsongyoulearntosing,aneuronalnetworkgrowsinyourbrainandthebrainchanges.”Themoreneuronalnetworkswegrow,thebetterwecanthinkandthebetterweremember.Youmaywonderifthereisanythingyoucandotomakethenetworksinyourbraingrowbetter.ProfessorZullsaysyes,thereis.Hesaysthatbrainchangeisstrongestwhena)youareinterestedinandlikewhatyouarelearning,b)youareincontrolofwhatyoulearnandc)yougetchallengingtasksthatmakeyouthinkhard.Understandingachallengingtaskmakesyoufeelgoodanddevelopsyourbrain.19．What’sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A．Thebrain—afantasticcomputer. B．Whatpeoplebelieveaboutthebrain.C．Howtomakeyourbrainstronger. D．Ourbrain—agrowingsystem.20．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage2?A．Learningmakesourneuronalnetworksgrow. B．Seeingachallengingtaskdevelopsourbrain.C．Werememberbetterwhenthingsareeasy. D．There’snothingwecandotomakeussmarter.21．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Interestisthebestteacher B．Meetinglife’schallengesC．Nevertoolatetolearn D．LearningisbrainchangePassage6（2021·河北·石家庄市第四十中学二模）Beingateenagercanbechallenging,butitcanalsobeexciting.You’rebecomingmoreindependentandmakingdecisionsforyourself.Youarealsolearningtotakerisksandsolveproblemsbetterthanyoucouldbefore.Andchangesarehappeningthroughoutyourbody,eveninyourbrain.Youcan’tseethechangesinyourbrain,butthey’reaffectinghowyoudevelopintoanadult.Atthistimeinyourlife,thereisaprocessgoingoninsideyourbrainthatmakesitworkfasterandmoreefficiently.Imaginethatthestructure(结构)ofyourbrainislikeabigroadmap.Therearelotsofroadsleadingtodifferentdestinations(终点).Whenyouwereachild,asyoulearnednewthings,yourbraincreatedmoreandmoreroadsleadingtodifferentdestinations.Bythetimeyoubecomeateenager,themostimportantplacesonthemaphavemanydifferentroadsleadingtothem.Nowyourbrain’sjobistomakethatmapmoreefficient.Itremovestheroadsthatyoudon’tneedandworkstomaketheotherroadsfaster.Asaresult,yourexperiencesasateenageractuallyaffectthewaythatyourbraindevelops.Ifyouspendhoursplayingvideogames,whatskillstoyouuse?Youlearntoseesomethingwithyoureyesandrespond(回应)toitwithyourhands,right?Asyoudevelopthoseskills,yourbrainismakingsurethattheroadsleadingtothemareespeciallyfastandefficient.So,yourvideogameplayingcouldbepreparingyouforacareersuchasafighterpilot,orevenasurgeon(外科医生).Thisisagreattimeforyoutopracticenewskillsanddiscoverwhatyou’regoodatandwhatyoulovedoing.Gooutandtrydifferentactivities,andstickwiththemifyouthinkthey’reuseful.Rememberthatwitheverythingyoudo,you’reshapingyourbrainforthefuture.22．Beingateenagercanbeexcitingbecause________.A．youcanseethechangesinyourbrain B．you’reafraidofmakingbigdecisionsC．youneedn’tlearnnewthings D．youcanlearntosolveproblemsbetterthanbefore23．Whenlearningnewthingsasachild,yourbraincreateslotsofroadsleadingto________.A．samedestinations B．aspecificgoal C．differentactivities D．differentdestinations24．Theunderlinedword“efficient”inthepassageprobablymeans“________”.A．easy B．special C．helpful D．hard25．Ifyouplayvideogameswell,youmaybegoodat________inthefuture.A．raisinganimals B．cookingdinners C．flyingplanes D．givingspeeches26．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．ShapingYourFuture B．ProtectingYourBrainC．ImprovingLearningSkills D．PlayingVideoGamesPassage7（2021·河北·石家庄市第二十八中学模拟预测）Manyofusdon’tpaymuchattentiontotheimportanceofeyecare.Itissaidthatifyoutakecareofyourbody,thenyoucansurelybehealthy.Thatiswhyoureyesshouldbegivenalotofcare.Naturaleyecareshouldbeputinthefirstplace.Thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenoteatingenoughfood,genes（基因）andaging（老化）.Televisions,computersandreadingarealsothecausesofhavingpooreyesight.Ifyouhappentoworkinfrontofacomputer,you’dbettertakeabreakeveryonceinawhile.Somethingdirtycancauserednessanditwillmakeyoufeeluncomfortable.Itisbadforyoureyes,too.Ifthishappens,thebestwayistocleanyoureyesbyusingcoldwater.Youmustalsotryyourbesttoprotectyoureyesfromharmfulthings.Forexample,sunglassesarenotjustforfashionbuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromUVrays.Eatinghealthyfoodwilldogoodtoyoureyesight.RememberthatvitaminsA,CandEaregoodforeyes.Trytoeatfoodgroupsthathavethesevitamins.Andyoushoulddoeyeexercisesbecausetheyprotectyoureyesight,too.Ifapersonexercisesregularly（定期地）andeatstherightkindoffood,hiseyeswillstayingoodconditionforalongtime.Allabovearenaturalwaysofeyecarethathelpuskeephealthyeyes.Beinghappyallthetimecanbehelpfultoaperson’seyesight,too.Inaword,eyecareisveryimportant,nomatterhowoldapersonis.27．AllthefollowingcausescanleadtopooreyesightEXCEPT________.A．computers B．aging C．reading D．height28．Whatshouldyoudoifyouhavetoworkinfrontofacomputeraccordingtothetext?A．Havearestafterworkingforawhile. B．Eathealthyfood.C．Cleaneyesbyusingcoldwater. D．Wearapairofsunglasses.29．________isthemostimportantwaytoprotectoureyes.A．Takingmedicine B．Naturaleyecare C．Seeingthedoctor D．Beinghappyallthetime30．Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．WaysofEyeCare B．WaysofEyeExercisesC．WaysofBeingHappy D．WaysofBeingHealthyPassage8（2021·山东·单县教学研究室三模）Yourbodyisspecial—notwopeopleintheworldarealike.Althoughyouaredifferentfromeveryoneelse,youhaveexactlythesamebodypartsasthepeoplearoundyou,doingdifferentjobsthatkeepallofusalive.Whatisinsidemyhead?Yourheadhousesthemostvaluablepartofyourbody—yourbrain.Asyouarereading,youreyessendpicturestoyourbrainwhichmakesmeaningfromwhatyousee.Yourbrainhelpsyoutorememberandthink,andmakessureyourbodyisdoingwhatitshould.Whatismyskin