河南省开封市2024届高三下学期第二次质量检测英语试卷

河南省开封市2024届高下学期第二次质量检测英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、阅读理解阅读理解Areyoulookingtobridgethegapbetweenlifestyleandhealth,andstartthepositivejourneyoflivinglongerandbetter?Ifso,thenGoldstercanhelp.Ourfriendlycommunityembracesthechallenges,thetriumphs,andtheaspirationsofageing,throughliveonlineclassesforalllevelsofabilities.Classesarescience-backed,hostedbyindustry-leadingexpertsanddesignedfortheover50s.Withupto20liveclassesdaily,there'salwayssomethingtoenjoy,fromPilatesandTaiChitoResistanceTrainingandDance-thereareevenfitnessclassessuitableforalllevelsifyoufancysomethinga-littlemoreenergetic.Orifyouprefer,craftyourcreativitywithCreativeWriting,PoetryandArtandsharpenyourcognitionwithBrainTrainingclassesandourhighlyacclaimedbookclub.Youcanevencapturesomecalmandmeltintosome-meditation（冥想）,mindfulnessandself-massagewithclassesthathelptoinviteapeacefulnight'ssleep.Joinforfreenowandreceive:•5freeliveand5freeon-demandclasses,withfullaccesstodailyliveclassesandrecordings•Adaily-emailwithclassjoininglinks•TheMagazinefullofweeklyhealthandwellbeingarticles•ExclusiveonlineeventsSimplylogontohttp://promo.goldster.co.uk/rd5toclaimyourfivefreeclassesorscantheQRcodealthebottomofthepage.Sowhynotchoosetofeelbelter?Joinnowandkeepactive,healthy,andsociallyconnectedwithGoldsler.1．Whoisanintendedreaderofthistext?A．Ayoungladywhoisplanningtoloseweight.B．Ateenagerwhoisinterestedinonlinecourses.C．Amaninhislate30swhowantstoliveahealthylife.D．Anelderlywomanwhoseekstolivelongerandbetter.2．WhichisNOTincludedinGoldster'sclasses?A．Flowerarrangement. B．Fitnesstraining.C．Sleepimprovement. D．Writingpractice.3．Whatisthetypeofthistext?A．Ahealthreport. B．Anadvertisement.C．Anannouncement. D．Anintroduction.阅读理解Despiteanever-higherbartograbtheattentionofstudentsinlargelecturehall,TatianaErukhimova,whoteachesphysicsatTexasA&MUniversity,hasmanagedtogetherstudents,aswellasfuturegenerations,excitedaboutthescience.Knownas"Dr.Tatiana",theprofessorperformsphysicstrickswithboundlessenergyandenthusiasminhervideos.Arangeofeverydayobjectsareusedinherexperiments,frompingpongballsandtoiletpapertomarshmallows,bicyclewheelsandhairdryers.Videosofherdramaticdemonstrationshavereceivedhundredsofmillionsofviewsacrosssocialmediaplatforms.However,thingsaren'talwayseasy.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassestwodecadesago,shealsostruggledtograbtheattentionofherstudents."Ididnotgrabtheirattentiononthefirstday-thatwasmymistake."shesays."Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginning,andthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice."Bythesecondsemester,shefoundherfooting,adjustingherapproachtogetherstudentsengaged.Thekey,shesays,hasbeentomakeherselfapproachableandherinstructionpersonal.And,ofcourse,addshowydemonstrations."Thesedemonstrationsoftenhelpstudentstoconnecttheseabstractconceptswithreallife."shesays.PhysicsdepartmentheadGrigoryRogachevsaysErukhimova'sworkhashelpedbringvisibilitytothedepartment,withabout2.5millionsubscribersonitsdepartment'sYouTubepage,whichhastranslatedtoaboostinresearchfundsandphysicsmajorapplicants.AsaleaderinaSTEMfieldinwhichwomenareunderrepresented,she'sbecomearolemodelforsome.AfiyaDhananiattendedTexasA&MUniversityafterseeingErukhimova'svideosonline."WatchingDr.Tatianadotheexperimentsonline,especiallysinceshewasafemaleleader.Wasmoreinspiringformetoevengointophysics."DhananisaidinaninterviewwithCBSMornings.That'sallErakhimovasaysshecanhopefor-makingphysicslessforbiddingandmoreexciting.4．WhatdoesErukhimova'sonlinevideosfeature?A．Rarematerials. B．Energeticpresentation.C．Plaindemonstration. D．Professionalexplanation.5．WhichsayingexplainsErukhimova'sinitialfailuretograbstudents'attention20yearsago?A．Allthatglittersisnotgold.B．Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.C．Firstimpressionsaremakeorbreak.D．Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.6．HowdoesErukhimova'sworkcontributetothephysicsdepartment?A．Itleadsmorestudentstochangetheirmajors.B．Itmakesmorepeopletoknowaboutthedepartment.C．Ithelpsthedepartmenttranslatemoreresearchpapers.D．Itattractsmorephysicsprofessorstojointhedepartment.7．WhichwordbestdescribesErukhimovaasaleaderinaSTEMfield?A．Inspirational. B．Underestimated.C．Cooperative. D．Ambitious.阅读理解Thetasteofchampagneasweknowitcouldchangebeyondrecognitioninthecomingyears.Asglobaltemperaturescontinuetorise,theclimatecrisisposesathreattotheproductionofwine.ThesupplyofChardonnay,PinotNoirandPinotMeunier,amongotherpopularwine-makinggrapes,areatrisk.By2050,about85%ofthelandsthatwegrowgoodwinegrapesonwillnolongerproducesuitablewinegrapes.Grapesaresusceptibletoeventhemostsubtlechangesinweather."Wineiskindofthecanary（金丝雀）inthecoalmineforclimatechangeimpactsonagriculturebecausesomuchofthecharacterofwineistiedtothelocalclimate.saidBenjaminCook,aclimatescientist.Hepublishedapaperin2020examiningtheeffectsofclimatechangeonagricultureandhowthediversityofgrapescanincreasetheirresiliencetosuchchanges.Headdsthatscientistsare"seeingprettymuchallplants,includingwinegrapevines,starttheirlifecycleinthegrowingseasonearlier,andoftenfinishupearlier.Youbasicallyripenyourfruitearlierandtypicallyyouharvestearlier.IntheChampagneregionofFrance,thesechangescanalterthedistinctivepersonalitiesofgrapesgrownthere."Ifitmaturestooquickly,theratioofacidityandsugarmightbedifferent."Cooksaid.Agrape'squalitiesaredependentonitsenvironment.Withawarmingplanet,it'shardertoproducegrapesthatmakechampagnetastesweeterandboozier（酒精浓度高的）."Forinstance,inachardonnaygrape,whatyou'relookingforinacoolerclimateisgenerallyanappletaste,whereasinawarmerclimatethewarmthcanchangethegrapesqualitiestobemorelikeatropicalfruit,orevenbanana-like."saidSpiess.Oneofthemanywaysfarmersandwinemakersaretryingtoalleviatetheeffectsofclimatechangeongrapeproductionissiteselection."PlaceslikeBelgiumandtheNetherlandsandSweden,they'reexperiencingpositiveeffectsofclimatechangeastheplanetiswarming.Spiesssaid.Asdifferentregionsintheworldexperiencetheeffectsofclimatechangedifferently,theymaystarttohavemoreidealclimateconditionsforwinemaking.ThedownsideforthoseSwedishwinemakers?Ifthosechampagnegrapesaren'tgrownintheChampagneregionofFrance,youcan'tcallitchampagne,whichisaprotecteddesignationoforigin.Sohowdoyousay"bubbly"inSwedish?8．Howdoestheclimatechangethreatentheproductionofwine?A．Byincreasingthediversityofgrapes.B．Byincreasingthecostofwinemaking.C．Byintensifythecompetitionbetweenwinemakers.D．Byreducingtheproductionofsuitablewine-makinggrapes.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"susceptible"inparagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Resistant. C．Adaptable. D．Tolerant.10．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thelifecycleofwinegrapevinesisbecominglonger.B．Achardonnaygrapemaytastelikebananaincoolerclimate.C．Grapes'ratioofacidityandsugarinfluenceschampagne'staste.D．WinemakinginSwedenfacesthesamechallengeasthatinFrance.11．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Willchampagnebecomesweeter?B．Whyischampagnecalledchampagne?C．CouldChampagnesoonstopproducingchampagne?D．Whatimpactdoesclimatechangehaveonagriculture?阅读理解Afallacyisanerrorinreasoningbasedonopinion,misunderstanding,orintentionalmisdirectionthatmakesanargumentinvalid.Commoncausation(因果关系)fallaciesincludethoseofoversimplificationandexaggeration,whichoccurwhenactualcausesofaneventarereducedtothepointwhereconnectionsbetweencausesandeffectsareblurredorburied.Oversimplificationiscommon,whichmeansreducingmultiplecausestojustoneorafew.Well-intentionedwritersandspeakerscanfallintothetrapofoversimplificationifnotcareful.Onemotivationforsimplificationisthebasicadvicegiventowriters:Don'tgetstuckindetails.Intheprocess,however,awritercanleaveouttoomanydetails,evencriticalinformation.AnothercontributingfactortooversimplificationistheoveruseofanimportanttoolincriticalthinkingcalledOceam'sRazor,aprinciplethatstatesthatthesimplestexplanationthatfitsthedataisthepreferableone.Theproblemisthatthesimplestexplanationmightnotalwaysbetheright-one.AwritercreatinganargumentcanassumethatbasedonOccam'sRazor,thesimplestexplanationislikelytrue,buttheymustnotassumethatisalwaysthecase.Theymustlookatallanglesandcomplexitiesofanissuebeforesettlingonthesimplestexplanation.Hereisanexampleofoversimplification:Schoolviolencehasgoneupandacademicperformancehasgonedownsincevideogamesfeaturingviolencewereintroduced.Therefore,videogameswithviolenceshouldbebanned,resultinginschoolimprovement.Thisargumentexhibitsoversimplificationbecauseitassumesproblemsinschools(increasingviolence,decreasingacademicperformancecanbeattributedtoasinglecause:thetimeyoungpeoplespendplayingvideogamesthatfeatureviolence).Variousotherfactors,includingsocialandeconomicconditionsthatmaycontributetoachild'smentalhealth,areignored.Relatedtothefallacyofoversimplificationisthefallacyofexaggeration-multiplyingacoupleofcausesintomany.12．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocuson?A．Thecausesofoversimplification.B．Theimpactofoversimplification.C．Thedefinitionofoversimplification.D．Thecharacteristicsofoversimplification.13．HowdowriterscommitoversimplificationwhencreatinganargumentbasedonOccam's-Razor?A．Theyconsideranissuetobecomplicated.B．Theylookatanissuefromdifferentangles.C．Theybelievethesimplestexplanationislikelytrue.D．Theyhaveabsolutetrustinthesimplestexplanation.14．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisanexampleofoversimplification?A．Thenation'slackofmoralstandardsiscausedbymultiplefactors.B．Thelatestcurrencypolicytakesfullblameforthedecliningeconomy.C．Shewassavedbecauseofthesealbeltaswellasdoctors'timelysaving.D．Theproblemofeducationnotjustliesinteachers'failureofdoingtheirjobs.15．Whatmighttheauthordiscussintheparagraphsthatfollow?A．Waystoavoidoversimplification.B．Moreexamplesofoversimplification.C．Causesandexamplesofexaggeration.D．Thedistinctionbetweenexaggerationandoversimplification.二、七选五七选五Friendsareincrediblyimportantpeopleinourlives.Somearewithusfordecades.16．Herearesometipstorememberifyou'reprocessingthelossofafriend.Sometimesthingsjustdon'tworkout.17．Infact,people,onaverage,loseabouthalfoftheirfriendseverysevenyears.Oneofthemostcommonreasonsthoserelationshipsendisthattheyjustfellthroughthecracks.Thingsdidn'tworkout.Nobodyreallywantedthefriendshiptoend,butpeoplegotbusyanddidn'tintentionallymaintainthefriendship.Maketheunsaidsaid.Sometimes,infriendship,peopledon'tmaketheunsaidsaid.18．Andbecausethey'reneverdirectlyaddressed,peoplegettoapointwheretheywanttoendthefriendshipbeforeactuallyaddressingtheproblem.Actually,iftheyhadintervenedsooner,theymighthavebeenabletosavethefriendship.It'snormaltofeelgrief.Whenafriendshipends,thereisagrievingprocess.Allowyourselftofeelthoseemotionsandbepatient.Insteadofpushingyourselftocheerup,trythinkinglikethis,"OfcourseI'mupset.Thisisanaturalpartofintimacy(亲密关系)andloss.IlostsomeoneI'mverycloseto.19．20．It'simportantnottoblameyourselfandbemeantoyourselffornotgettingoverthelossofafriendship.Justbecausethishappenedlikethisdoesn'tmeanmorefriendshipswillhappenlikethis.Allowyourselftohaveafreshperspectivewhenyouenternewfriendships.Youdon'twanttogointoanewconnectionfearfully.A.ThatmeansIlovethemdeeply.B.Bekindtoyourselfalongtheway.C.Findwaystoenteranewfriendship.D.Smallthingscankindofaccumulate.E.Losingfriendsisaregularpartoflife.F.Butnotallofthemcanstandthetestoftime.G.Whenaclosefriendshipends,thereasonsarecomplicated.三、完形填空（15空）完形填空AsGonzaleswas21．tothemartialartsgymwherehetrained,hesawwhatlookedlikeapolicepursuit.A(n)22．manofmediumbuild,23．inablackT-shirt,wasrunningfromapoliceofficer.WhenGonzalessawtheofficerinneedof24．everyelementofthemoralcodeinstalledinhimthroughhisBrazilianjiu-jitsu(巴西柔术)trainingtoldhimto25．ahand.Gonzalessloweddown.Sodidthemanbeingchased—oavoid26．Gonzales'sminivan.That27．allowedtheofficertocatchupandtakethesuspecttotheground.However,hequicklyrealizedthattheofficerdidnothave28．ofthesituation.Theofficerwasstraddling(跨坐)him,butthesuspectwasaboutto29．thepoliceofficerover.Gonzalesjumpedoutofhisvehicleand30．himselfontheman'slegs.31．,hiswife,Ortiz,usedherphonetorecordthescene.Finally,thethreatwasover.ButforGonzales,theridewasjustbeginning.Ortiz32．thevideoonFacebook,whereitattractedover56million33．.AmongthoseawedbythevideowasBrazilianjiu-jitsu34．,afourth-degreeblackbelt,whostated,"ThecombinationofGonzales'stechniqueandhiscommunicationwithboththeofficerandthesuspectis35．!"21．A．jogging B．walking C．driving D．cycling22．A．muscular B．ambitious C．humorous D．aggressive23．A．worn B．absorbed C．dressed D．buried24．A．assistance B．emergency C．solution D．action25．A．send B．lend C．shake D．hold26．A．comingacross B．holdingupC．breakingdown D．runninginto27．A．accusation B．hesitationC．adaptation D．communication28．A．consciousness B．knowledgeC．control D．advantage29．A．tip B．fight C．fall D．hand30．A．abandoned B．dragged C．pulled D．threw31．A．However B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Instead32．A．downloaded B．edited C．saw D．posted33．A．customers B．views C．cheers D．researches34．A．instructor B．conductor C．operator D．inventor35．A．heroic B．movingC．understandable D．legendary四、短文填空短文填空2024is"TheYearoftheDragon"ontheChineselunarcalendar.But36．that'sthepropertranslationoftheiconicmythicalsymbolofChinaornothasaroused37．(heat)debate.TheWesternconceptofdragonisnotconsistentwith38．oftheChinesedragon.InfluencedbyGreekmythology,thedragonisoftenthekeeperoftreasure.ForEuropeans,dragonisusuallyamonster39．(keep)distancesawayfrompeople.Withfourlegsandtwohugeblackwings,theycanspitfireorevenpoisongasoutoftheirmouth.Contrary40．theevilimageofEuropeandragons,Chinesedragonssymbolize41．(strong)andgoodluck.InChineselegends,dragonswereappointedheadofthefourseas,rulersofweatherandwater.ThosebornintheyearoftheLoongarebelieved42．(be)interestedintheworldandwillingtogiveahelpinghand.ThedifferencesinperceptionofthemythicalcreaturesinChinaandtheWest43．(root)intheirdifferentculturalvalues.Whatisimportantisthatasweenter44．newlunaryear,people45．(global)appreciatetheculturalvaluesembodiedinsuchChinesesymbolsasLoong.五、书面表达46．假如你是李华，你校外教Peter对中国传统美食很感兴趣，请你给他写一封电子邮件推荐一种中国传统美食，内容包括：1.美食介绍；2.推荐理由。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearPeter,I'mLiHuafromClass2.Yours,LiHua六、读后续写47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。MydaughterandIwerefansofMisterRogers'Neighborhood,aneducationalchildren'stelevisionseriesthatwascreatedandhostedbyFredRogers,morecommonlyknownasMisterRogers.Aroundmydaughter'ssecondbirthday,IhadaMisterRogers-inspiredidea.Whynotinviteonekeypersoninmydaughter'sworldtodinnereachmonth?Thelocalchildren'slibrariancouldvisitoneevening,andperhapstheboroughmayor（区长）coulddropbyafewweekslater.ButIwantedtostartatthetop."Let'sinviteMisterRogershimself,Isaidtomywife."Afterall,helivesjustafewneighborhoodsaway.Ibethe'dcome.ShelookedatmeasifIwantedtoinvitethePresident."YoureallythinkMisterRogerswouldcometoourhousefordinner?Fatchance.Undeterred（不气馁的）,IsentalettertoMisterRogersthatfall,tellinghimofmynewfounddelightinhisshowandmyideaforinvitingneighborhoodpeopleovertotalkabouttheirlives,andaskinghimandMrs.Rogerstobeourguests.Itoldmydaughterabouttheletter.Hereyesglistened（发光）."MisterRogerscoming?Really,Daddy?"Onemonthlater,noreply.Mydaughterhadn'tforgottenandperiodicallyaskedwhenMisterRogerswouldbevisiting.Ialwaystoldherthathehadn'tcalledyetandthatitwasagoodopportunitytolearnaboutpatience.Twomonthslater,noresponse.Atthethree-monthmark,mywifesimplyrolledhereyeswhenIraisedthetopic.Iwasbeginningtoloseoptimism.MisterRogershadletmedown.Sadly,MisterRogerspassedawayinlateFebruaryofthefollowingyear.Iwasunawareofhisillnessandnowunderstoodwhyourinvitationhadgoneunanswered.MisterRogerswouldnotbecomingtodinnerafterall.Yet,evenafterhispassing,MisterRogersgaveusafargreatergiftthanIevercouldhaveimagined.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Aweeklater,IwassurprisedtofindaletterinourmailboxfromMisterRogers.Theletterisatreasuredgiftandhiskindwordstouchedmylifeandmydaughter.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．A3．B【解析】【分析】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了专为50岁以上的老年人设计的，让老年人活得更长更健康的Goldster网络直播课。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇广告，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段"Areyoulookingtobridgethegapbetweenlifestyleandhealth,andstartthepositivejourneyoflivinglongerandbetter?"你是否想要弥补生活方式和健康之间的差距，开启活得更长更健康的积极之旅？；以及第二段中的"Classesarescience-backed,hostedbyindustry-leadingexpertsanddesignedfortheover50s."课程是以科学为基础，有行业领先专家主持，专为50多岁的人设计。可知，这个课程专为想要活得更长更健康的老年人设计的，故选D。2．考查细节理解。根据第三段"Withupto20liveclassesdaily,there'salwayssomethingtoenjoy,fromPilatesandTaiChitoResistanceTrainingandDance-thereareevenfitnessclassessuitableforalllevelsifyoufancysomethinga-littlemoreenergetic."每天都20多节现场课程，总有一些值得享受的东西，从普拉提和太极到阻力训练和舞蹈，如果你想要精力充沛的话，甚至还有适合所有级别的健康课程；第四段"Orifyouprefer,craftyourcreativitywithCreativeWriting,PoetryandArtandsharpenyourcognitionwithBrainTrainingclassesandourhighlyacclaimedbookclub."或者，如果你愿意，可以通过创意写作、诗歌和艺术来培养你的创造力，并通过大脑训练课程和我们备受赞誉的读书俱乐部来提高你的认知能力；以及第五段"Youcanevencapturesomecalmandmeltintosome-meditation(冥想),mindfulnessandself-massagewithclassesthathelptoinviteapeacefulnight'ssleep."你甚至可以捕捉一些平静、融入一些冥想、正念和自我按摩课程来促进一整晚平静的睡眠。可知，Goldster的课程有健康课程、睡眠提升课以及写作练习课程，不包含插花课程，故选A。3．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Areyoulookingtobridgethegapbetweenlifestyleandhealth,andstartthepositivejourneyoflivinglongerandbetter?"你是想要弥补生活方式和健康之间的差距，开启活得更长更健康的积极之旅？；以及后文对Goldster直播课程的介绍可知，本文主要是为了宣传Goldster这一网络直播课程，因此本文是一则广告，故选B。【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了女性代表不足的STEM领域的领导者Erukhimova走向成功的故事。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Knownas‘Dr.Tatiana',theprofessorperformsphysicstrickswithboundlessenergyandenthusiasminhervideos."这位被称为‘塔蒂亚娜博士'的教授在她的视频中以无限的能量和热情表演物理技巧。可知，Tatiana的网上视频以充满能量和热情的表演为主，故选B。5．考查推理判断。根据第三段"However,thingsaren'talwayseasy.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassestwodecadesago,shealsostruggledtograbtheattentionofherstudents.‘Ididnotgrabtheirattentiononthefirstday-thatwasmymistake.'shesays.‘Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginning,andthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice.'"然而，事情并不总是那么容易。当她第一次开始教授大学生时，她也很难吸引学生的注意力。‘第一天我没有引起他们的注意，那是我的错'。她说道。‘从第一开始我就错过了与他们建立联系的机会，后来我花了一段时间才找到自己的声音'。可知，20年前，在第一节课上，Erukhimova未能吸引到学生的注意力，因此她后面付出了很多才让学生对这门学科感兴趣，因此"第一印象是成败的关键"，故选C。6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"PhysicsdepartmentheadGrigoryRogachevsaysErukhimova'sworkhashelpedbringvisibilitytothedepartment,withabout2.5millionsubscribersonitsdepartment'sYouTubepage"物理系主任GrigoryRogachev说道，Erukhimova的工作有助于提高物理系的知名度，该系的YouTube页面上约有250万订阅者。可知，Erukhimova的工作提高了物理系的知名度，让更多人知道了物理系，故选B。7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"AsaleaderinaSTEMfieldinwhichwomenareunderrepresented,she'sbecomearolemodelforsome."作为女性代表不足的STEM领域的领导者，她已经成为了一些人的榜样。可知，她是很多人的榜样，因此作为STEM领域的领导者，她是鼓舞人心的，激励人的，故选A。【答案】8．D9．A10．C11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了全球气候变化对葡萄酒产业，特别是香槟酒生产的影响。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"By2050,about85%ofthelandsthatwegrowgoodwinegrapesonwillnolongerproducesuitablewinegrapes."到2050年，我们种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地中，约85%将不再生产合适的酿酒葡萄。可知，这意味着到2050年，大约85%的原本适合种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地将不再能产出适合酿酒的葡萄。因此，气候变化威胁葡萄酒生产的方式是减少了适合酿酒的葡萄的产量。故选D。9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"‘Wineiskindofthecanary(金丝雀)inthecoalmineforclimatechangeimpactsonagriculturebecausesomuchofthecharacterofwineistiedtothelocalclimate.'saidBenjaminCook,aclimatescientist.""就气候变化对农业的影响而言，葡萄酒就像是煤矿里的金丝雀，因为葡萄酒的很多特性都与当地气候有关。"气候科学家BenjaminCook说。可知，气候学家将葡萄就像煤矿里的金丝雀，与气候密切相关。可推测，葡萄对于气候的变化很敏感，也就是说葡萄容易受到气候的影响。故选A。10．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"IntheChampagneregionofFrance,thesechangescanalterthedistinctivepersonalitiesofgrapesgrownthere.‘Ifitmaturestooquickly,theratioofacidityandsugarmightbedifferent.'Cooksaid."在法国的香槟产区，这些变化可以改变葡萄的独特个性。"如果它成熟得太快，酸度和糖分的比例可能会不同。"Cook说；以及第五段中的"Agrape'squalitiesaredependentonitsenvironment.Withawarmingplanet,it'shardertoproducegrapesthatmakechampagnetastesweeterandboozier(酒精浓度高的)."葡萄的品质取决于它生长的环境。随着全球变暖，越来越难生产出能让香槟口感更甜、酒精浓度高的葡萄。可知，葡萄的酸度和糖分的比例会影响香槟的味道。故选C。11．考查标题归纳。根据第一段"Thetasteofchampagneasweknowitcouldchangebeyondrecognitioninthecomingyears.Asglobaltemperaturescontinuetorise,theclimatecrisisposesathreattotheproductionofwine."我们所知道的香槟的味道在未来几年可能会变得面目全非。随着全球气温持续上升，气候危机对葡萄酒的生产构成了威胁；以及倒数第二段"ThedownsideforthoseSwedishwinemakers?Ifthosechampagnegrapesaren'tgrownintheChampagneregionofFrance,youcan'tcallitchampagne,whichisaprotecteddesignationoforigin."这些瑞典酿酒师的不利之处是什么？如果这些香槟葡萄不是生长在法国香槟地区，你就不能称它为香槟，这是受保护的原产地名称；结合全文内容可知，文章主要讨论的是气候变化对香槟生产的影响，特别是由于气候变化导致适合种植酿酒葡萄的土地减少，这可能威胁到香槟的生产。"香槟很快就会停止生产香槟吗？"点明了文章讨论的核心问题，即气候变化可能导致香槟产区的葡萄种植受影响，进而影响到香槟的生产。故选C。【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了常见的因果关系谬论主要包括过于简单化和夸大的谬论，文章重点介绍了造成过于简单化谬论的原因以及具体的例子。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。12．考查段落大意。根据第三段中的"Onemotivationforsimplificationisthebasicadvicegiventowriters"过于简化的一个动机就是给作家的基本建议；以及"AnothercontributingfactortooversimplificationistheoveruseofanimportanttoolincriticalthinkingcalledOceam'sRazor"另一个导致过于简单话的因素就是过度使用了一种名为Oceam'sRazor的批判性思维。可知，本段主要介绍了造成过于简单化的原因，故选A。13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"AnothercontributingfactortooversimplificationistheoveruseofanimportanttoolincriticalthinkingcalledOceam'sRazor,aprinciplethatstatesthatthesimplestexplanationthatfitsthedataisthepreferableone."另一个导致过度简单化的因素是过去使用一种名为Oceam'sRazor的批判性思维，该原则指出，符合数据的最简单的解释就是最好的解释。可知，基于Oceam'sRazor，作家会认为符合数据的最简单的解释就是最好的解释，而最简单的解释不一定就是准确的，因此过度简单化的作家会一味地相信最简单的解释，故选D。14．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"Thisargumentexhibitsoversimplificationbecauseitassumesproblemsinschools(increasingviolence,decreasingacademicperformancecanbeattributedtoasinglecause:thetimeyoungpeoplespendplayingvideogamesthatfeatureviolence).Variousotherfactors,includingsocialandeconomicconditionsthatmaycontributetoachild'smentalhealth,areignored."这一论点过于简单化，因为它假设学校存在问题（暴力事件的增加、学习成绩的下降可能归因于一个简单的原因：年轻人玩以暴力为特征的电子游戏的时间。）但其他因素，包括可能有助于儿童心理健康的社会和经济条件，都被忽视了。可知，简单化不懂得从各个角度来考虑问题，而是一味地将原因归咎在一件事情上，"最近的货币政策是导致经济下滑的全部原因"就是一个典型的过于简单化的例子，故选B。15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Relatedtothefallacyofoversimplificationisthefallacyofexaggeration-multiplyingacoupleofcausesintomany."与过于简单化的谬论相关的就是将几个原因夸大为多个原因的谬论。可知，文章最后提到了与过于简单化的谬论相关的夸大谬论，且前文提到了过于简单化的原因并给出了相关的例子，接下来也将讲述夸大谬论的原因以及具体例子，故选C。【答案】16．F；17．E；18．D；19．A；20．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些方法以帮助我们走出失去朋友的痛苦。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Somearewithusfordecades."有些已经存在了几十年。可知，空前讲述的是有的朋友已经在我们身边多年。F.Butnotallofthemcanstandthetestoftime."但并不是所有的都能经受住时间的考验。"延续上文内容，指的是有的朋友会陪伴我们很久，有些朋友却不能经受时间的考验。故选F。17．根据空后"Infact,people,onaverage,loseabouthalfoftheirfriendseverysevenyears."事实上，人们平均每七年就会失去一半的朋友。可知，人们每七年就会失去一半的朋友。E.Losingfriendsisaregularpartoflife."失去朋友是生活中很正常的一部分。"与下文内容保持一致，指的是失去朋友很正常，人们每七年就会失去一半的朋友。故选E。18．根据空后"Andbecausethey'reneverdirectlyaddressed,peoplegettoapointwheretheywanttoendthefriendshipbeforeactuallyaddressingtheproblem.‘因为这些问题从来没有被直接解决过，所以人们会在真正解决问题之前就想结束友谊。可知，下文讲述的是因为这些问题没有解决，所以人们想要结束友谊。D.Smallthingscankindofaccumulate."小事情会累积起来。"其中的"smallthings"正是下文提到的"they"，内容上也与下文保持一致。指的是小事慢慢堆积成为问题，问题不被解决使人们想要结束友谊。故选D。19．根据空前"IlostsomeoneI'mverycloseto."我失去了一个很亲近的人。可知，失去朋友就是失去了一个很亲近的人。A.ThatmeansIlovethemdeeply."那意味着我深深地爱着他们。"是上文内容的自然延续，指的所谓的亲近的人也是我们所深爱的人，失去他们，我们自然感到悲伤。故选A。20．根据空后"It'simportantnottoblameyourselfandbemeantoyourselffornotgettingoverthelossofafriendship.Justbecausethishappenedlikethisdoesn'tmeanmorefriendshipswillhappenlikethis.Allowyourselftohaveafreshperspectivewhenyouenternewfriendships.Youdon'twanttogointoanewconnectionfearfully."重要的是不要因为没有从失去友谊中走出来而责怪自己，也不要对自己刻薄。仅仅因为这样的事情发生了并不意味着会有更多这样的友谊发生。当你开始一段新的友谊时，让自己有一个新的视角。你不想害怕地进入一段新的关系。可知，本段主要讲述的是不要苛责自己。B.Bekindtoyourselfalongtheway."一路走来，要善待自己。"与本段内容相符，指的是善待自己。故选B。【答案】21．C；22．A；23．C；24．A；25．B；26．D；27．B；28．C；29．A；30．D；31．C；32．D；33．B；34．A；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了学巴西柔术的Gonzales帮助警察捉拿嫌疑犯这一事件，视频传到网上，Gonzales的技术得到了柔术四级黑带教练的称赞。