全国用高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第一节六大解题技巧讲义

第一节六大解题技巧专题一阅读理解栏目索引一、关键信息定位法二、关键词法三、题段一致法五、扫读法六、位置特征法四、释义法(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)

VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.一、关键信息定位法

典例121.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.

B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDome.

D.AttheDennyWayentrance.解析细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“souvenir”

可将答案锁定在VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStore这一部分；再根据本段中的“Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.”可知PacificScienceCenter的购物点在LaserDome旁边的3号楼上，故选B。

√答案解析点津解答这类题时，一个常用的方法就是根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子。如该句中出现了but，however，yet，while等表转折的词语及inaddition，furthermore，besides，moreover，what’smore，mostofall，mostimportantly，especially等表递进的词语，后面往往为关键信息，是正确答案。但要与选项进行比较，最终确定答案。该方法运用的前提是在题干中找到定位关键词。该方法多用于细节理解题。

牛刀小试1(2016·全国Ⅰ，A片段)RosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955，inMontgomery，Alabama，RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear，andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas，wastiredofgivingin，”saidParks.解析细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“civil-rights”可将答案锁定在RosaParks这一部分，再根据本段中的“ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott...andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.”可知，RosaParks推动了美国民权运动，故D项正确。23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RosaParks.√答案解析

(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)

SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962，PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience，mathandtechnology.Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.二、关键词法典例2解析细节理解题。由标题及该段第二句“Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.”可知此处的关键词应是“science”，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂。22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A.Trainscienceteachers.B.Distributesciencebooks.C.Inspirescientificresearch.D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.√答案解析点津半数以上的文章会在文章的第一段或最后一段直接给出主题关键词，且常是首句；还有部分文章在第一段或最后一段间接给出主题关键词，正确答案与主题关键词有高度的重合性：形似、意似。

(2016·全国Ⅰ，D片段)Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful，ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable；thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.牛刀小试232.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.解析推理判断题。由第一段第一句及下文给出的沉默在不同文化中代表不同含义的例子可知，作者认为不同文化对于沉默的解读是有很大差异的，即它与特定的文化有关。此处的关键词应是“cultural”。因此答案为C。√答案解析

(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals，corporations，andothersocialorganizations.Visit

tofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.三、题段一致法典例3解析推理判断题。根据该部分中的“VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.”可知作者呼吁读者支持PacificScienceCenter，也就是鼓励人们为之提供捐助。故选A。23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.√答案解析点津按照文章的发展顺序设置题目，是目前最主要的出题方法。这种出题方法最简单，最容易操作，因此为命题者所偏爱。学生则应按照文章的段落顺序依次进行解答，没有必要百分之百读懂整篇文章，没有必要从头到尾把全文读一遍，按照这一定律，边看题干，边看原文，从而快速解题。

(2016·四川，B片段)Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.牛刀小试327.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.解析推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.”可知最穷的人的生活将会变得更好。故选A。√答案解析

(2017·全国Ⅰ，D片段)Toconstructaworkingstill，useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.四、释义法典例4解析词义猜测题。根据本段描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高thewatercatcher的生产力，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选B项。33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A.Thetube. B.Thestill.C.Thehole. D.Thecup.√答案解析点津词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。词义猜测的具体技巧如下：根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据同义关系进行猜测；根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测；根据因果关系进行猜测；根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测；根据常识或背景知识进行猜测。

(2016·全国Ⅰ，C片段)IamPeterHodes，avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012，I’vedone89trips—ofthose，51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall，fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient，we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.牛刀小试429.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.provider

B.deliverymanC.collector

D.medicaldoctor解析词义猜测题。根据本段第二句中的“I’vedone89trips”及第三句中的“carrystemcells”可知，作者是运送干细胞的人，所以选B项。√答案解析

(2017·全国Ⅰ，B片段)Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest，anditquicklycalmeddown.五、扫读法典例5解析

细节理解题。扫读全文，可确定该段中的“Iplacedthechickinthenest，anditquicklycalmeddown.”为解题的关键信息。由此可知，作者为猫头鹰幼雏做的新鸟巢让它很快就安静下来。故选A。26.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest. B.Somefood.C.Arecording. D.Itsparents.√答案解析点津扫读不是简单地走马观花，而是在保证快速、高效的前提下，锁定关键信息：(1)注意特征词，如：luckily，unfortunately，asaresult，besides等；(2)注意时间点，如：yesterday，lastyear，today，now等；(3)找主线：文章的主线往往是文章的中心思想或者作者对文中所论述的事物所持的观点或态度等。

(2016·四川，D)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素)，whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.牛刀小试5Thestudy，byresearchersfromSeoul，SouthKorea，involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.Thosegivennightmilk，whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin，werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime，accordingtothestudypublishedinThe

Journal

of

Medicinal

Food.Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow，takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent，whichhelpspeopletorelax.Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NightMilkandSleepB.Fat，SugarandHealthC.AnExperimentonMiceD.MilkDrinkingandHealth解析标题归纳题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A是文章的最佳标题。√答案解析343535.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.解析推理判断题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。√答案解析3435

(2017·全国Ⅰ，B片段)IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife，arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured，displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However，whenitworks，itissimplybeautiful.六、位置特征法典例6解析细节理解题。根据该段中的“Tryingtohelpinjured，displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.”可知救助野生动物的工作有时让人悲伤，因为不能保证野生动物会存活下来，即我们的努力有可能白费。故选A。24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor’srescueworkaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforce