2025年译林版八年级英语寒假复习 专题04 句子成分和基本句型

专题04句子成分和基本句型考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破1.主语：动作发出者，常位于句首。1.主语：动作发出者，常位于句首。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.2.谓语：动作（有时态、语态、单复数之分）IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.3.宾语：动作承受者，位于及物动词或介词后。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.4.宾语补足语：补充说明宾语情况。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.5.表语（主语补足语）:补充说明主语情况，位于系动词之后。Lisawashappy.基本成分基本成分句子成分句子成分6.状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。6.状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.7.定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词和代词。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.8.同位语:两者指的是同一人/物。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.修饰成分修饰成分1.主语+谓语(vi.)1.主语+谓语(vi.) Weworkhard.2.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 Tomboughtanewbook.3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 Theyoffermeajob.4.主语+系动词+表语 Greattalkersarelittledoers.5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补 Hemademegohome.五种基本句型五种基本句型考点一句子成分考点一句子成分句子成分概念例句主语动作的发出者Helikesrunning.谓语主语所发出的动作Helikesrunning.表语表示主语的性质、状态和特点Heishappy.Heseemsunhappy.动宾动作的承担者Helikesrunning.介宾介词后名词\代词\动名词Iamafraidofthesnake.双宾语分为间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegivesmeabook.Myfathertoldmeastory.宾语补足语对宾语的补充说明Weelectedhimmonitor.主语补足语对主语的补充说明Hewaselectedmonitor.定语修饰名词\代词Heisabeautifulgirl.状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子Hestudiedhard.Luckily,nobodydied.【考点再现】1．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）—I’m________inwhat________you.—Well,don’tfollowsuit.Justdowhatyoulike.A．interested;interesting B．interested;interestsC．interests;interested D．interesting;interested2．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）WhichofthefollowingsentenceshasanObjectComplement（OC）?A．Earthhaslost50%ofwildlifeinthepast40years. B．Animalsfeelpainlikehumans.C．Wefeelwildlifethebeautyofnature. D．Wecanstandupforwildlife.3．（23-24八年级上·江苏镇江·期中）Ilikeherbright________eyesandtheymakeher________reallypretty.A．smiling;tolook B．smiling;look C．smile;looks D．smile;look4．（23-24九年级上·江苏徐州·期中）—Amy,doyouhaveanyplansfortheweekend?—Nothingspecial,________goingtoflykitestogetherisagoodidea.A．whatabout B．howabout C．shallwe D．perhaps5．（24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Hehasaheart________lovebecauseheoftendonateshismoneytothepoor.A．fullof B．fullwith C．fillwith D．isfullof考点二基本句型考点二基本句型一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。二、英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）三、基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如：1.Timeflies.2.Themoonrose.3.Themancooked.4.Wealleat,anddrink.5.Everybodylaughed.6.Iwokeverysoon.7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.8.Hewalkedyesterday.9.Heisplaying.10.Theyhavegone.四、基本句型二：Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型句子谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove等。1.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefelthappy.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heistallandstrong.6.Thebookisinteresting.7.Theweatherbecamewarmer.8.Hisfaceturnedred.五、基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Shelaughather.3.HeunderstandsEnglish.4.Hemadecakes.5.Theyatesomeapples.6.Dannylikesdonuts.7.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.8.HesaidGoodmorning.六、基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。1.Shepassedhimanewdress. 2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal. 3.Hebroughtyouadictionary. 4.Heboughthernothing. 5.Ishowedhimmypictures. 6.Igavehimahand. 7.Itoldmehowtorunthemachine. 8.Heshowedmethatthebuswaslate. 七、基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。1.Wekeepthetableclean. 2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen. 3.Theycallsupperdinner. 4.Theyfoundthehousedirty. 5.Whatmakeshimsad? 6.Wesawhimout. 7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon. 8.Isawthemgettingonthebus. 【考点再现】6．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Thestructureof“EddieoftenhearsHobosingintheroom.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC7．（24-25八年级上·江苏·课后作业）Leavesturngreeninspring.Thissentencebelongsto(属于)______.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC8．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—Canyoutellmethemainstructureofthesentence“Thewindisblowinghard.”?—Letmesee.It’s“________”.A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC9．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Choosethecorrectstructureofthissentence“LilygaveBettyanicetoy.”A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC10．（23-24八年级上·江苏常州·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentencesis“S+V+O”?A．Helookstired. B．Whatdidshegiveyou?C．Iwantacupofcoffee. D．Theboyfellfromhisbikejustnow.11．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Whichsentencestructureisrightforthissentence“SandygaveMikesomebread.”?A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO D．S+V+P12．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentencehasthesamestructureas“Itisgettingdark.”?A．Heboughtmeagift. B．Thefishtastesgood.C．Theboysareplayingbasketball. D．Mymombuysmeabasketball.13．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—Manypeoplearekillingsharks(鲨鱼)formoney.—Ifpeoplekeepkillingsharks,there________anyofthemintheseasomeday.A．maynotbe B．willnothave C．don’thave D．aren’t14．（24-25八年级上·江苏·课后作业）Ifwedonothing,soontherewill________nogiantpandasintheworld.A．has B．have C．be D．being15．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）“TheythinkJohnthebeststudent.”Thesentencestructureis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC16．（23-24八年级上·江苏淮安·期末）“Springiswarmandsunny.”Here,thesentencestructure(句子结构)is“________.”A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+IO+DO17．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructurewith“Heboughthissonatoyship.”?A．Hefelttiredafterthelongwalk. B．Hecleanshisroomeveryday.C．Thebadnewsmadehimunhappy. D．HesentmeaChristmascard.18．（23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期末）Thesentencestructureof“WecallthegiantpandaRuYi.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC19．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“MissLiteachesusEnglish.”?A．MissLiworkshardallthetime. B．MissLitellsusstoriesinclass.C．MissLiasksustoworkforourdreams. D．MissLiisthebestteacherinmyheart.20．（23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）“Treesturnbrowninautumn”.Thesentencestructureis________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC21．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Thestructureofthesentence“Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC22．（23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）Whatisthesentencestructureof“Youcanfindtheanswertothequestioneasily.”?A．S+V+P. B．S+V+DO+OC． C．S+V+IO+DO. D．S+V+O.23．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Thesentencestructureof“Englishismyfavouritesubject.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P24．（23-24八年级上·江苏常州·期末）Thesentencestructureof“Mycousinisfiveyearsold.”is________.A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC25．（23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentenceshavethesamestructureas“Wecallthemkangaroos.”?A．Sandygavehercatsomefood. B．Ifoundthestoryveryinteresting.C．Thebirdsingsbeautifully. D．Thedishsmellsgood.26．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Thesentenceshavedifferentstructuresfrom“Themangivesussomeadvice.”EXCEPT________.A．I’mwatchingthemplayfootball. B．Mymotherboughtmeapairofshoes.C．Jimwantshissontobeateacher. D．Danielhelpedmerepairmybicycle.27．（23-24八年级上·江苏·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“EddiegivesHobosomeicecream.”?A．Thecloudsbecamedark. B．Butterfliesplayamongflowers.C．Wekeepourclassroomclean. D．Iwillbuymymotherapresent.28．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Whichsentencestructureis“S+V+DO+OC”?A．Sandygavehercatsomefood. B．Ifoundthestoryveryinteresting.C．Thebirdsingsbeautifully. D．Thedishsmellsgood.29．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Thestructureofthesentence“Isawhimcrossingthestreet”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO30．（23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·开学考试）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“Peoplehavesweetmemoriesofsummerdays.”?A．Winterdaysarefullofsnow.B．Autumnleavesturnbrown.C．Peoplelikeflyingkitesonspringdays.D．Peopleusuallyfeellazyinwinter.31．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Whatisthecorrectsentencestructureof“Johnplaysfootballeveryday”?A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+O D．S+V+P32．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Thesentencestructure(结构)of“Teachersoftenaskustoreadmore.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC33．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentencestructuresisdifferentfromothers?A．ThecomputerbroughtsometroubletoLinda.B．Amyshowedmesomepicturesofherfamily.C．Ioftenhearsomebirdssinginthepark.D．Myfatherboughtmeatoytrainyesterday.34．（23-24八年级上·江苏常州·期末）Thesentencestructureof“Teachersadviseustofinishthehomeworkontime.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P35．（23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Thesentencestructureof“Mikeboughtmeatoy.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P真题感知36．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Thestructureofthesentence“Allofusshouldmakeourcountystrongerandstronger.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC37．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）“Thosesweetmemoriesofsummerdaysareaboutquietstreamsandtreesandshade.”Thissentencestructureis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC38．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—What’sthestructureofthesentence“Itwassnowingheavilyatthistimeyesterday”?—Itis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+IO+OC39．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Themathsteacherlookedverytired.Thesentencestructure(结构)is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC40．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Whichistherightsentencestructureof“Thegoodnewsmademehappy”?A．S+V+DO B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC41．（23-24八年级上·江苏淮安·期末）Therearenotmanygiantpandas________intheworld.A．live B．tolive C．living D．lives42．（23-24八年级上·江苏淮安·期末）Thetemperaturedrops.Thestructureofthesentenceis________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC43．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）—Mary,couldyoutellmethestructureofthesentence“Thegoodnewsmademehappy.”?—OK.It’s________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO+IO C．S+V+DO D．S+V+DO+OC44．（23-24八年级上·江苏镇江·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“Peoplehavesweetmemoriesofsummerdays.”?A．Farmersharvestcropsinautumn. B．Allthebirdsflyfaraway.C．Warmandsunnydaysmakepeopleveryhappy. D．Peoplefeellazyonsummerafternoons.45．（23-24八年级下·江苏宿迁·开学考试）—Whatisthestructureofthesentence“Thefoodtastesgood.”?—Itis________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P46．（23-24八年级上·江苏镇江·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasthestructure(结构)of“S+V+O”?A．Hangzhouisamoderncity.B．The20thAsianGameswilltakeplaceinJapan.C．Hangzhouheldthe19thAsianGames.D．Iboughttwoticketstothegamesformyparents.47．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Thesentencestructureof“IadvisehimtotakeacourseinDIY.”is________.A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+O48．（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）Thesentencestructureof“Theyallgiveusmanyflowers.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO49．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Thestructureofthesentence“IlikeEnglish.”isthesameasthatof________.A．HobobroughtEddiehisclothes. B．Ioftenseesomekidskicktheballinthepark.C．Thestudentsvisitedthemuseum. D．Thedishsmellsgood.50．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“EddieiswatchingHobowork”?A．Beesandbutterfliesplayamongflowers. B．Thecloudsintheskybecamedark.C．Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean. D．IwillbuyMumacoatasherbirthdaypresent.51．（23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期中）Whichsentencehasthesamestructure(结构)as“IfindEnglisheasy.”?A．Ifeelexcited. B．Imetalotoftourists. C．Iboughtmyfatherascarf. D．Myteachermakeshisclassinteresting.52．（23-24八年级上·江苏镇江·期末）Whatisthesentencestructureof“Jimfoundthisfilmveryinteresting”?A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC53．（23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期中）Whichofthefollowingsentencestructureisdifferentfromothers?A．TheboybroughtLindasometrouble. B．Amyshowedmesomepicturesofherfamily.C．Ioftenhearsomebirdssinginthepark. D．Lucymademesomepaperrosesyesterday.54．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Whichofthefollowingisthesamesentencestructureas“Isawhimreadingabook.”?A．Youhaveaverynicesister. B．Thenewsmademehappy.C．Mygrandpagavemearedpacket. D．Helikesplayingthepiano.55．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasthestructureof“S+V+P”?A．Thelittlegirllooksatthetoytrainhappily. B．Wolvescansmellthingsfarawaywell.C．Youlookedunhappyyesterday. D．Imadehimhappy.提升专练56．（23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructure(句型)as“Leavesturnbrowninautumn.”?A．Danielisflyingkitesinthepark.B．Applepiessmellnicefromthekitchen.C．WeoftenhearSimonsingEnglishsongs.D．Myfatherboughtmeabirthdaypresentyesterday.57．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Thesentencestructure(结构)of“Heisringingsomeonetocomeandhelpusatthemoment.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+DO D．S+V+IO+DO58．（23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期中）There________afactorynearourhome.Nowithasturnedintoabeautifulthemepark.A．usedtohave B．usedtobeC．isusedtohave D．isusedtobe59．（23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamestructureas“MrWangtaughtusPhysics.”?A．Heofferedtheboyalotofadvice. B．Isawhimcrossingthestreetyesterday.C．Hisfaceturnedredquickly. D．Wealllaughedhappily.60．（23-24八年级上·江苏·期末）Thesentencestructureof“EddieiswatchingHobowork.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC61．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructure(句子结构)as“Icecreamtastesnice.”?A．Childrenlikeflyingkitesinspring. B．Heoftenswimsinsummer.C．Mostleavesturnbrowninautumn. D．Wecanseepeoplemakesnowmeninwinter.62．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“Heboughthissonsomeinterestingbooks.”?A．Thenewsmadeallofushappy.B．Thechildrenarereadingsomebooks.C．Mr.LiisteachingusanewEnglishsong.D．Hefeltreallytiredoutafterahardday’swork.63．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Thestructureofthesentence“ThestudentscallthelittlecatMimi.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC64．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasthestructureof:S+V+IO+DO?A．Autumnleavesturnbrown. B．Sandy’smumgaveheranewcomputer.C．Ifoundhimveryinteresting. D．Tommydoeshishomeworkeveryday.65．（23-24八年级上·江苏镇江·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“Heboughthissonatoy.”?A．Hefelttiredyesterday. B．Hecleanshisroomeveryday.C．Hekeepshisroomclean. D．HesenthisuncleaChristmascard.66．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasthesamestructureas“Theteachergavethestudentsaninterestingproject”?A．Thestudentshadfunintheplayground.B．Theclassroomisbiggerthanbefore.C．Thestudentssawtheleavesfalling.D．Thelibrarianshowedapicturetothechildren.67．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Thesentencestructure(结构)of“EddieiswatchingHobowork.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO68．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—Whatisthesentencestructureof“Theypaintedintheroomyesterdayafternoon.”?—Ithinkit’s________.A．S+V B．S+V+OC．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC69．（23-24八年级上·江苏常州·期末）Thesentencestructureof“Mygrandpaalwayswalkshisdoginthemorning.”is________.A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+DO+IO D．S+V+DO+OC70．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—What’sthestructureofthesentence“Heisflyingakitenow.”?—Itis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC71．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentencesfollowsthestructureof“S+V+IO+DO”?A．Autumnleavesturnbrown. B．Sandy’smumboughtheranewhat.C．Ifoundhimveryinteresting. D．Tommydoessomereadingeveryday.72．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Whatisthesentencestructureof“Iofferedmyclassmatessomepinkpencils”?A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P73．（23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“Snowmakeschildrenfeelexcited.”?A．Thegroundbecomeswhite.B．Childrenmakeasnowmantogether.C．Snowbringschildrenlotsoffun.D．Youcanseechildrenplayhappily.74．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“Icecreamtastesnice.”A．Wolvescanseeandsmellthingsfaraway.B．Thebellsoundedforlunchattheendoftheclass.C．Applesquicklyturnbrownafterbeingleftintheairforawhile.D．Themotherlookedangrilyatherdaughter’spaperfullofmistakes.75．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Thestructureofthesentence“Allofusshouldmakeourcountrystrongerandstronger.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC76．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—Mary,couldyoutellmethestructureofthesentence“Isawhimcrossingthestreet.”?—OK.It’s_______.A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO+IO C．S+V+DO D．S+V+DO+OC77．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·期末）Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“HobogaveEddiesomeicecream.”?A．Springiswarmandsunny. B．Iwillbuymymotherapresent.C．Wekeepourclassroomclean. D．Butterfliesplayamongflowers.78．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Myparentsboughtmeanewbikeasapresentthismorning.Theunderlinedwordsinthesentenceare________.A．DO B．OC C．S D．P79．（23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Thesentencestructureof“Ourteachersalwaysmaketheirclasseslively.”is_______.A．S+V+O B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P80．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Themainstructureofthesentence“HobobuiltEddieatentwithsticksyesterday.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC专题04句子成分和基本句型考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破1.主语：动作发出者，常位于句首。1.主语：动作发出者，常位于句首。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.2.谓语：动作（有时态、语态、单复数之分）IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.3.宾语：动作承受者，位于及物动词或介词后。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.4.宾语补足语：补充说明宾语情况。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.5.表语（主语补足语）:补充说明主语情况，位于系动词之后。Lisawashappy.基本成分基本成分句子成分句子成分6.状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。6.状语:相当于副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.7.定语:相当于形容词，修饰名词和代词。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.8.同位语:两者指的是同一人/物。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.修饰成分修饰成分1.主语+谓语(vi.)1.主语+谓语(vi.) Weworkhard.2.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 Tomboughtanewbook.3.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 Theyoffermeajob.4.主语+系动词+表语 Greattalkersarelittledoers.5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾补 Hemademegohome.五种基本句型五种基本句型考点一句子成分考点一句子成分句子成分概念例句主语动作的发出者Helikesrunning.谓语主语所发出的动作Helikesrunning.表语表示主语的性质、状态和特点Heishappy.Heseemsunhappy.动宾动作的承担者Helikesrunning.介宾介词后名词\代词\动名词Iamafraidofthesnake.双宾语分为间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegivesmeabook.Myfathertoldmeastory.宾语补足语对宾语的补充说明Weelectedhimmonitor.主语补足语对主语的补充说明Hewaselectedmonitor.定语修饰名词\代词Heisabeautifulgirl.状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子Hestudiedhard.Luckily,nobodydied.【考点再现】1．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）—I’m________inwhat________you.—Well,don’tfollowsuit.Justdowhatyoulike.A．interested;interesting B．interested;interestsC．interests;interested D．interesting;interested【答案】B【详解】句意：——我对你感兴趣的东西感兴趣。——好吧，不要效仿他人。你喜欢做什么就做什么。考查词义辨析。interested感兴趣的，形容词；interesting有趣的，形容词；interests使感兴趣，动词。结合固定搭配“beinterestedinsth对某事物感兴趣的”可知，第一空要填“interested”；第二空缺失一个动词，所以填“interests”符合语境。故选B。2．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）WhichofthefollowingsentenceshasanObjectComplement（OC）?A．Earthhaslost50%ofwildlifeinthepast40years. B．Animalsfeelpainlikehumans.C．Wefeelwildlifethebeautyofnature. D．Wecanstandupforwildlife.【答案】C【详解】句意：下面句子哪个有宾语补足语？考查句子成分。Earthhaslost50%ofwildlifeinthepast40years.在过去的40年里，地球失去了50%的野生动物，句子中有主语，谓语，宾语和时间状语；Animalsfeelpainlikehumans.动物和人一样会感觉到疼痛，句子中有主语，谓语，宾语和方式状语；Wefeelwildlifethebeautyofnature.我们觉得野生动物是自然之美，句子中有主语，谓语，宾语和宾语补足语；Wecanstandupforwildlife.我们可以为野生动物发声，句子中有主语，谓语和宾语。因此在选项C的句子中，thebeautyofnature在句中作补足语。故选C。3．（23-24八年级上·江苏镇江·期中）Ilikeherbright________eyesandtheymakeher________reallypretty.A．smiling;tolook B．smiling;look C．smile;looks D．smile;look【答案】B【详解】句意：我喜欢她明亮的微笑的眼睛，它们使她看起来真的很漂亮。考查词汇辨析和非谓语动词。smiling微笑的；smile微笑。根据句意和句子结构可知，第一空作定语修饰名词eyes，所以需要应填形容词smiling，表示“微笑的眼睛”；makesbdosth“使某人做某事”，固定短语，第二空应该填动词原形look。故选B。4．（23-24九年级上·江苏徐州·期中）—Amy,doyouhaveanyplansfortheweekend?—Nothingspecial,________goingtoflykitestogetherisagoodidea.A．whatabout B．howabout C．shallwe D．perhaps【答案】D【详解】句意：——艾米，你周末有什么计划吗？——没什么特别的，也许一起放风筝是个好主意。考查副词。whatabout……怎么样；howabout……怎么样；shallwe我们……好吗；perhaps也许。根据“goingtoflykitestogetherisagoodidea.”以及此句是陈述句，可知是指也许一起放风筝是个好主意。故选D。5．（24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）Hehasaheart________lovebecauseheoftendonateshismoneytothepoor.A．fullof B．fullwith C．fillwith D．isfullof【答案】A【详解】句意：他有一颗充满爱心的心，因为他经常把钱捐给穷人。考查后置定语。befullof=befilledwith，表示“充满”。分析题干可知，此处应用fulloflove作后置定语，修饰名词heart。故选A。考点二基本句型考点二基本句型一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。二、英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）三、基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如：1.Timeflies.2.Themoonrose.3.Themancooked.4.Wealleat,anddrink.5.Everybodylaughed.6.Iwokeverysoon.7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.8.Hewalkedyesterday.9.Heisplaying.10.Theyhavegone.四、基本句型二：Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型句子谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove等。1.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefelthappy.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heistallandstrong.6.Thebookisinteresting.7.Theweatherbecamewarmer.8.Hisfaceturnedred.五、基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Shelaughather.3.HeunderstandsEnglish.4.Hemadecakes.5.Theyatesomeapples.6.Dannylikesdonuts.7.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.8.HesaidGoodmorning.六、基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。1.Shepassedhimanewdress. 2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal. 3.Hebroughtyouadictionary. 4.Heboughthernothing. 5.Ishowedhimmypictures. 6.Igavehimahand. 7.Itoldmehowtorunthemachine. 8.Heshowedmethatthebuswaslate. 七、基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。1.Wekeepthetableclean. 2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen. 3.Theycallsupperdinner. 4.Theyfoundthehousedirty. 5.Whatmakeshimsad? 6.Wesawhimout. 7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon. 8.Isawthemgettingonthebus. 【考点再现】6．（23-24八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Thestructureof“EddieoftenhearsHobosingintheroom.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【详解】句意：“EddieoftenhearsHobosingintheroom.”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。考查句子结构。S+V+O表示主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P表示主语+系动词+表语；S+V+IO+DO表示主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC表示主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子“EddieoftenhearsHobosingintheroom.”可知，Eddie是主语，hears是谓语，Hobo是宾语，singintheroom是宾语补足语，所以该句子属于S+V+DO+OC结构，故选D。7．（24-25八年级上·江苏·课后作业）Leavesturngreeninspring.Thissentencebelongsto(属于)______.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【详解】句意：树叶在春天变绿。这个句子属于主系表。考查句子成分。Leaves作主语；turn系动词作谓语；green形容词作表语；inspring时间状语。因此是S+V+P。故选B。8．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—Canyoutellmethemainstructureofthesentence“Thewindisblowinghard.”?—Letmesee.It’s“________”.A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC【答案】A【详解】句意：——你能告诉我“Thewindisblowinghard.”这句话的主要结构吗？——让我想想，是“S+V”。考查句式结构。S+V主谓；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+P主系表；S+V+DO+OC主谓双宾语。分析句子可知，Thewind作主语；isblowing作谓语动词，hard作状语，因此这句话的结构是主谓。故选A。9．（23-24八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Choosethecorrectstructureofthissentence“LilygaveBettyanicetoy.”A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【详解】句意：选择句子“LilygaveBettyanicetoy.”的正确结构。考查句子结构。S+V+P表示“主语+系动词+表语”；S+V+IO+DO表示“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；S+V+O表示“主语+谓语+宾语”；S+V+DO+OC表示“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。分析句子可知，“Lily”是主语，“gave”是谓语，“anicetoy”是直接宾语，“Betty”是间接宾语。故选B。10．（23-24八年级上·江苏常州·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentencesis“S+V+O”?A．Helookstired. B．Whatdidshegiveyou?C．Iwantacupofcoffee. D．Theboyfellfromhisbikejustnow.【答案】C【详解】句意：下面哪个句子是“S+V+O”？考查句子结构。Helookstired.主系表结构；Whatdidshegiveyou主谓双宾结构；Iwantacupofcoffee主谓宾结构；Theboyfellfromhisbikejustnow主谓宾状结构。所以这道题的正确答案是C，故选C。11．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Whichsentencestructureisrightforthissentence“SandygaveMikesomebread.”?A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO D．S+V+P【答案】B【详解】句意：“SandygaveMikesomebread.”这个句子的哪个句子结构是正确的？考查句子结构。Sandy作主语；gave作谓语；Mike作间接宾语；somebread作直接宾语。所以句子结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。故选B。12．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Whichofthefollowingsentencehasthesamestructureas“Itisgettingdark.”?A．Heboughtmeagift. B．Thefishtastesgood.C．Theboysareplayingbasketball. D．Mymombuysmeabasketball.【答案】B【详解】句意：下面哪个句子和“天正在变黑”有相同的结构？考查句子结构。Heboughtmeagift.句子结构是主谓双宾；Thefishtastesgood.句子结构是主系表；Theboysareplayingbasketball.句子结构是主谓宾；Mymombuysmeabasketball.句子结构是主谓双宾。所给句子“Itisgettingdark.”的结构是主系表。故选B。13．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）—Manypeoplearekillingsharks(鲨鱼)formoney.—Ifpeoplekeepkillingsharks,there________anyofthemintheseasomeday.A．maynotbe B．willnothave C．don’thave D．aren’t【答案】A【详解】句意：——许多人为了钱而捕杀鲨鱼。——如果人们继续捕杀鲨鱼，未来某一天将不会有鲨鱼生活在海洋里了。考查therebe句型及If引导的条件状语从句的时态。根据“Ifpeoplekeepkillingsharks,there...anyofthemintheseasomeday.”可知句子考查therebe结构，表示“某地有某物”，therebe不与have连用，排除BC选项；if引导的条件状语从句用的是一般现在时，主句可用情态动词，遵循“主情从现”原则。故选A。14．（24-25八年级上·江苏·课后作业）Ifwedonothing,soontherewill________nogiantpandasintheworld.A．has B．have C．be D．being【答案】C【详解】句意：如果我们不做任何事，将来就不会再有大熊猫了。考查therebe句型。表示“某地有某物”用“therebe+名词”的句型，和have不能同时使用。选项A、B和D错误。根据“will”可知讲述的是将来的动作，用“willbe”或“begoingtobe”。故选C。15．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）“TheythinkJohnthebeststudent.”Thesentencestructureis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【详解】句意：“他们认为约翰是最好的学生。”这句话的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。考查句子结构。S+V主谓；S+V+P主系表；S+V+IO+DO主谓双宾；S+V+DO+OC主谓宾宾补。They主语；think谓语；John