专题23-选择性必修第三册Unit3-Back-to-the-Past(学生版)-(译林版2020)

Unit3BacktothePast目标导航目标导航重点词汇1．loadvt.&vi.2．logn．3．dismissvt.4．insistvi.&vt.5．routen．6．leakvi.7．panicn．8．royaladj.9．facilitatevt.10．availableadj.11．shelfn．12．packvt.&vi.13．aboardprep.&adv.14．uniformn．15．divevi.16．thundervi.17．dragvt.18．hatchvt.19．plotn．20．sinkvi.&vt.21．prayvi.&vt.22．episoden．23．reformvt24．shiftn．词汇拓展1．convincevt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→adj.令人信服的；有说服力的→adj.坚信不移的；确信的2．strengthenvt.&vi.加强，增强→adj.强壮的→n．力气；力量；强项3．harmoniousadj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→adv.协调地，和谐地→n．融洽，和睦；和谐4．proofn．证据，证明→vt.证明；检验；显示vi.证明是5．acknowledgevt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→n．承认；确认；感谢6．influentialadj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→n．影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事vt.影响7．financialadj.财政的，金融的，财务的→n．金融；财经8．departvi.&vt.离开，起程→n．离开，起程9．shortagen．不足，短缺→adj.短的；不足的；矮的，低的→vt.缩短；减少；变短vi.缩短；变短10．subsequentadj.随后的，后来的→adv.随后，其后；后来11．astonishvt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→adj.令人感到惊讶的→n．惊诧；震惊→adj.惊诧的12．literaryadj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→n．文学；文献；文艺；著作13．extensivelyadv.广阔地；广泛地→adj.广泛的；大量的；广阔的→n．拓展；延伸14．exceptionaladj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→n．例外；异议15．adoptvt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi.领养，收养→adj.被收养的；被采用的→n．收养；采用16．comparisonn．比较；对比→v．比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作17．violentlyadv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→n．暴力；暴行→adj.暴力的；猛烈的18．freezevi.&vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的；(雾、雨)冻的n.冰点→adj.冻结的；冷酷的19．bleedvi.(bled，bled)失血，流血→n．血，血液；血统→bleedingn．出血；渗色20．memorialn．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物→vt.记住，背熟；记忆→n．记忆，记忆力；内存，[计]存储器；回忆重点词组1．代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了2．不管，不顾3．使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内4．理顺，整理；把……安排好5．payavisitto6．searchfor7．haveanimpacton8．passon9．inpanic10．carryonwith11．与……相反12．同时13．家庭手工业14．祈祷，祈求15．逼真的16．openup17．makeone’sbed18．getintouchwith19．declarewaron/against20．deliveraspeech重点句型1．before引导的时间状语从句Todecidewiselywhichcollegetoattend，youareadvisedtopayavisittocolleges.为了明智地决定上哪所大学，我们建议你在申请之前参观一下学校。2．which引导的非限制性定语从句Wecanholdacompetitionconcerningoceanprotection，.我们可以举办一场关于海洋保护的比赛，这可以帮助学生更多地了解保护海洋的措施。3．过去分词短语作定语I’velearnedwithdelightthatyouhavewonthesecondprizeintheChineseCalligraphyCompetitioninourcity.得知你在我市为外国人举办的中国书法比赛中获得二等奖，我很高兴。4．现在分词短语作结果状语Thereismudandwatereverywhere，.到处都是泥浆和水，使得从一个地方到另一个地方旅行很困难。5．with的复合结构，Ican’thelpthinkingofmysportsexperience.随着我们学校一年一度的运动会的临近，我不禁想起了我的运动经历。知识精讲知识精讲知识点01...thereisonlyonewaytoconvinceyou.convincevt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说(1)convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb.that...使某人相信……(2)convincedadj.确信的；深信的beconvincedof确信……；相信……beconvincedthat...确信……(3)convincingadj.令人信服的；有说服力的[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①(应用文之建议信)Whenyouarehavinganinterview，youneedtoconvincetheinterviewersofyourenthusiasmforthejob.②Owingtohishardwork，weareconvincedthatheisboundtosucceed.③I’mconvincedofyourabilityforthejob，sojustgoandapplyforit.④Inviewofthefactthattherewasnoconvincingevidenceofhisguilt，hewassetfree.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Myparentshavealwaysconvincedme(challenge)myself，forwhichI’mreallygrateful.②Thestoriesmentionedaboveare(convince)evidencetoprovethatactionismorevitalthanplanning.③(convince)thatanythingispossible，thecaptainisdesperatetomakeanattempt.④thatYouthwillbecomeincreasinglypopularandhopetherewillbemorevaluablearticlesandwonderfulcontents.我相信《青春》会越来越受欢迎，希望有更多有价值的文章和精彩的内容。知识点2Hisshipswereloadedwithchina，silk，teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers，andthefleetpaidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countriesandregions.loadvt.&vi.装上，装入，负担n．负载；承载量；大量(1)loadup装载/载满货物load...with...用……装载……；使……负担……beloadedwith装载着……o/onto...把……装入(到)……；使……负担……(2)takealoadoffone’smind打消某人的顾虑，卸下心头的负担loadsof＝aloadof大量的；许多的[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①IwishIcouldgrowupasquicklyaspossiblesothatIcanlightenmyparents’load.②Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary，wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.对我们来说，装好东西去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选他们要读的书或他们想让我读给他们听的书。③TogetridoftrashfromtheISS，theastronautloadsitintoemptycargocapsulesandreleasesitintospace.为了清除国际空间站的垃圾，宇航员将其装进空的货舱里并将其扔到太空中。[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Thetruck(load)withhamsandsausagesarrivedintheearthquake­strickenarea.②(应用文写作之体育锻炼)EventhoughI，I’llspendsomefreetimehavingsportssothatIcankeepfitanddynamic.即使我有很多功课要做，我也会花一些空闲时间做运动，这样我就能保持健康和精力充沛。③Youthprovidesuswithinspiringarticles，throughwhichwecanexchangeourfeelingswithfriends，and.《青春》为我们提供了鼓舞人心的文章，通过这些文章我们可以和朋友交流感情，卸下心头的负担。知识点3ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.insistvi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说(1)insist(坚持说/认为)that...(从句用陈述语气)(2)insist(坚决要求/主张)thatsb.(should)do...(从句用虚拟语气)(3)insiston/upondoingsth.坚持做某事[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Itwasridiculousthatthecriminalinsistedthathewasinnocent.②MyhusbandandIinsistedthatourchildren(should)workhardtolaythefoundationforthefuture.③ThemaninsistedonfindingataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Theastronomerinsiststhathe(cycle)toworknomatterwhattheweatherislike.②(正反观点对比的议论文)Somepeoplethinkitisagoodthingtodonateblood，foritcouldsavesomebody’slifewhileothersinsistthatwebloodbecauseitmaycausesomeillnesses.有些人认为献血是一件好事，因为它可以挽救某人的生命，而其他人坚持认为我们不应该献血，因为这可能会导致一些疾病。③(应用文写作之建议信)Youareboundtoachieveyourdreamsifandtryyourbest.如果你坚持自己的梦想，并竭尽全力，你一定会实现自己的梦想。知识点4Themenonboardwereinpanic.panicn．惊恐，恐慌vi.&vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措(1)inpanic惊慌失措地getintoapanic陷入恐慌(2)panicodoingsth.使某人惊慌地做某事[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Inamomentofpanic，ElliandIdecidedtogivehimwhathewanted—thegarlicbread.②IgotintoapanicasIpressedfirmlyagainstthetableandmovedmyheadaroundtryingtofindtherightangle，butitwasnouse.③Therabbit’ssuddenappearancepanickedthehorseintorunningintotheforestwildly.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Inanycircumstances，whatthegovernmentshoulddoistocalmdownthepublicwhenevertheyarepanic.②Thecrewgotintopanicwhentheygotlostonthesea.③Thewholeclass(panic)whentheteachersaidthattherewouldbeaquiztoday.④(应用文写作之建议信)Youhavebeenstudyinghard，soabouttheexams.你一直都很努力学习，所以没有必要为考试而陷入恐慌。知识点5TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhowrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMingDynastywas.astonishvt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊(1)astonishedadj.感到惊讶的beastonishedat/bysth.因/对某事感到惊讶beastonishedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶(2)astonishingadj.令人感到惊讶的(3)astonishmentn．惊讶toone’sastonishment令某人惊讶的是[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Wewereallastonishedat/bytheunexpectednewsthattheantiquehadbeenstolen.②Hewasastonishedtoseehowtheglacierhadchangedinthepast10years.③Itwasastonishingthatthecamelhadstarvedtodeath.[单句语法填空/一句多译]①Hewasastonishedwhathefound：amanwaslyinginthebox.②Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus(astonish)．③妈妈真没想到双胞胎已为她做好了香甜的早餐。→thatsweetbreakfasthadbeencookedforherbythetwins.(astonish)→，sweetbreakfasthadbeencookedforherbythetwins.(astonishment)知识点6Itwouldtake500yearsbeforealargerfleetsailedtheseas.before引导的时间状语从句before作连词，引导时间状语从句的用法：(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没来得及……就……；趁着……”，翻译方式比较灵活。(2)常用的句型：Itwillbe＋时间段＋before从句要过多久才……Itwon’tbelong＋before从句过不了多久就会……Itwas/took＋时间段＋before从句过了多久才……Itwasn’tlong/didn’ttakelongbefore从句没过多久就……[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①BeforeIcouldspeak，mystomachansweredinadelightedgrumble.我还没来得及说话，肚子就高兴地叫起来。②Heworkshard，tryingtomakeasmuchmoneyaspossiblebeforehegrowstooold.他努力工作，趁着他不太老尽可能多地赚些钱。③Ihonestlyhopeitwon’tbetoolongbeforeIcanputmyfeetonthegroundbelowandstandinaforestthatwillneverbelogged.我真诚地希望过不了多久我就能脚踏实地，站在永远不会被砍伐的森林里。④(2020·浙江1月高考)Itdidn’ttakelongbeforethetwoplayedaroundthehouse，cheerfullyrunningaftereachother.⑤(2020·浙江7月高考)Hetoldmeahelicopterwasonitsway，butitwouldbe30minutesbeforeitarrived.[完成句子]①beforewegraduatefromhighschool.要过一年多我们才能高中毕业。②beforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。③Igotupearlythismorning.今天早上还不到5点我就起床了。④，Ihaveaquestiontoaskyou.在我们开始讨论其他事情之前，我有一个问题要问你。知识点7Between1405and1433，onbehalfoftheMingDynasty，ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages.onbehalfof代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了standfor一般指符号，标志，字母缩写代表……represent个人代表集体或别人，较为正式①(应用文写作之演讲稿)ourschool，Iwouldliketoexpressourwarmwelcometoyou.我谨代表我们学校向您表示热烈的欢迎。②(应用文写作之传统文化)InChina，theseknots.在中国，这些结代表友谊、爱情和好运。③(应用文写作之体育运动)Thecompetitionattractedover500contestants8differentcountries.这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。知识点6Formanyyears，somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends.dismissvt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散dismisssb./sth.as...把某人/某事当成……不予考虑dismisssth.fromsth.去除，消除，摒除(思想、感情等)dismisssb.fromsth.解雇；免职；开除[写出下列句子中dismiss的含义/单句写作]①Afteracarefulinvestigation，hedismissedthesamplesasworthless.②Inviewofthepainshecausedhim，hedismissedherfromhismind.③Theassistantclaimedshewasunfairlydismissedfromherpost.④Theboymadehiswaytoschool，onlytofindtheclasswasdismissed.⑤(读后续写之心理描写)他试图将心中可怕的想法抹去。.知识点7ZhengHe’saccomplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged，andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.acknowledgevt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢(1)acknowledge...tobe/as...承认……是/为……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承认做了某事Itis(widely)acknowledgedthat...人们(普遍)认为……(2)acknowledgementn．承认；答谢①universallypeoplecannotsucceedorachievetheirtargetswithoutastrongwillandpersistence.众所周知，没有坚强的意志和毅力，人们就不可能成功或实现他们的目标。②Thecountryhasacknowledged(take)everymeanstofightagainstanypossibleattack.这个国家已承认采取了一切手段打击任何可能发生的袭击。③(应用文写作之感谢信)Thebunchofflowersandthesouvenirwereasmall(acknowledge)ofyourkindness.这束花和这件纪念品聊表谢意，感谢你的好心帮助。④(应用文写作之体育运动)TaiChiisnotonlyanancientmartialart，太极拳不仅是一种古老的武术，也是一种公认的有效的健康锻炼方式。知识点8On3August1492，hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeshipscarryingabout90crewmen.departvi.&vt.离开，起程(1)departfrom离开；开出；从……出发departfor开往……；去往……；动身去……(2)departuren．离开，起程①Thecaptainwaiteduntilthelastcrewmanhadthefleet.船长一直等到最后一个船员离开舰队。②Finally，themomentofour(depart)arrived，andweloadedsuitcases，books，games，campingequipment，andatentintothecarandbravelydroveoff.终于，出发的时刻到了，我们把箱子、书籍、游戏、露营装备和帐篷装进了车里，勇敢地开车离开了。③ItisreportedthattheexpeditionistodeparttheArcticinJune.据报道，探险队将在六月份出发去北极。知识点9Theauthorsadoptanatural，chattystyleofwritingthatopensupthesubjectmattertotheordinaryreader.adoptvt.采用，采取；正式通过；领养，收养vi.领养，收养1adoptsb.as...收养/挑选某人为……2adoptionn.收养；采用；通过3adoptedson/daughter养子/养女；义子/义女[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Thecouplewhodonothaveachildoftheirownhaveadoptedahomelesschildastheirown.②Parentswhohaveanadoptedchildwonderwhethertheyshouldtellthechildheorsheisadopted.③Thegroupisworkingtopromotetheadoptionofbroadbandwirelessaccessoverlongdistances1.1．该集团正在致力于推广远距离宽带无线访问的采用。[温馨提示]adopt与adapt在拼写上只有一个字母之差，但在意义上却大相径庭。adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”。Ittookalongtimebeforetheadoptedboygraduallyadaptedtothenewsurroundings.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Sincethe(adopt)ofthenewworkingmethod，productionhasgoneup.②Inviewofthefactthathisnieceisan(adopt)child，hegiveshermuchcareandconcern.③Inthefaceofgreatpressure，Ithink.面对巨大压力，我认为我们应该采取乐观的态度。知识点10Contrarytopopularhistorybooks，mostacademicbookstendtoadoptamoreanalyticalandseriousapproachtostudyinghistory.contraryto与……相反1tothecontrary与此相反地的2onthecontrary恰恰相反[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Tooursurprise，whathecallsforisabsolutelycontrarytotraditionalcodes.②Hecontinuedtomaintainthathedidnothingwrong，despiteclearevidencetothecontrary.③Onthecontrary，smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletimebutalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Peoplejustcan’tbehappyiftheyarelivingalifethatiscontrarythetypeofpersontheyare.②(应用文写作之健康)，takingawalkimmediatelyafteramealdoesn’tnecessarilydogoodtoourhealth.和大家认为的相反，饭后立即散步对健康未必有好处。③，IlikesolvingdifficultproblemsbecauseIalwaystakethemasexcitingchallenges.恰恰相反，我喜欢解决难题，因为我通常会把这些难题看作令人激动的挑战。知识点11TheyweredivingdowntodropbombsonPearlHarbor.divevi.俯冲；跳水；潜水n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水(1)diveoff/from...从……跳水diveinto跳水；迅速将手伸入(包或口袋里)divefor...扑向……；潜水寻找……(2)divingn．跳水；跳水运动；潜水godiving潜水(3)divern．潜水员；跳水者；跳水运动员[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Childrenathisagearenotevenallowedtodive，letalonehislittlebrother.②ThecaptaindivedfromboatsintothemiddleoftheoceanwhenhearingTom’sscreaming.③Ilearnfromabookthatseagullsswimwell，buttheydonotoftendiveforfish.④Thediverdivedintotheocean’sdepthsandwasamazedbyitsbeauty.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Youshouldkeepinmindthatit’sdangeroustodivethecliffs.②Onseeingthescene，theassistantdivedherpurseandtookoutsomemoneytogivethehomelessman.③Tothegoalkeeper’sdisappointment，hedivedfortheball，butmissedit.④(应用文写作之邀请信)Ifthere’sachancethatyou’llcometoQingdao，I’llandgohikingtogether.如果您有机会到青岛，我将邀请您一起去潜水，一起去远足。知识点12TheycometoseetheshadowoftheshipatthebottomofPearlHarbor，tolearnabouttheattack，toshowrespectforthosewhohadlosttheirlivesintheattackandtoprayforworldpeace.prayvi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告pray(tosb.)forsb./sth.(向某人)为……祈祷；企盼praythat...祈祷/祷告……[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Ifsomeone’slifeisintrouble，doyoujusthopeandpraythatthingswillturnoutfine?如果别人的生活陷入了困境，而你就只是希望能为他祷告等着情况有好转吗？②ItiscustomaryforsomepeopletopraytoGodforhelpwhentheyareintrouble.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①(应用文写作之传统文化)DuringtheSpringFestival，somepeoplewillvisittemplestoprayhappiness，wealthandhealth.②(应用文写作之慰问信)Inthecircumstances，.在这种情况下，我们祈祷你早日康复。知识点13Theshiftfromthecottageindustrytothefactorysystem，combinedwiththeintroductionofnewmachines，newenergysourcesandnewformsoftransport，promotedeconomicgrowthandexpandedworldtrade.shiftn．改变，转移；轮班vi.&vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变(1)shift...from...to...把……从……变到……shiftresponsibility/blameontosb.推卸责任/转嫁责任给某人(2)workshift轮岗day/nightshift日/夜班[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge­scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.相当多的人主张从传统农业向有机农业大规模转移。②Nowadaysthepriorityfortravelingisshiftedfromshoppingtocuisineandscenery.③Iwasworkingthenightshiftinthehospitalwhenaninjuredmechanicwassenttothefirstaidroom.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Itishardtoshiftoneselfangertocalmnessinsuchashorttime.②(应用文写作之议论文)Aftergettingmarried，mostwomenwould.结婚后，大多数女人会把重心从工作转移到家庭。③(应用文写作之议论文)Whenwemakemistakes，.Instead，weshouldapologizeforourmistakes.当我们犯了错误，我们不应该把责任推给别人。相反，我们应该为自己犯的错误而道歉。知识点14Itslocationismarkedwithamemorialshapedlikeabridge，whichcrossestheship’ssunkenremains.过去分词短语作定语句中shapedlikeabridge为过去分词短语作定语。(1)一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语时，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时只表示被动。(3)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不表示被动，只强调动作完成。[佳句赏读]感悟句意·背诵①Thismissiondesignedtohelpthestudentsinneedjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.②EarthDay，markedon22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.③ItissaidthatAustraliaisadevelopedcountryhavingwidelandandabundantnaturalresources.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Thegiantpanda，also(know)aspandabearorsimplypanda，isabearnativetosouthcentralChina.②Theplan(put)forwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.③WhenIwokeupthenextmorning，Ifoundthegroundcoveredwithfallen(fall)leaves.④FindingNemo，，issetintheGreatBarrierReefonthenortheastcoastofAustralia.由安德鲁·斯坦顿(AndrewStanton)导演的《海底总动员》以澳大利亚东北海岸的大堡礁为背景。知识点15Packedwithvividdescriptionsandfunfacts，thistypeofhistorybookishighlyreadableandtruetolife.packvt.&vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装n．包，包裹；小盒，小包(1)packup整理；把……打包o...把……挤进……bepackedwith挤满；塞满(2)apackof一包；(野兽等的)一群；一盒①ThemostauthenticDongpoPorkcanbeservedintherestaurant，BuildingBeyondBuilding，besidetheWestLake，whichisalwayscustomers.最正宗的东坡肉能在西湖边上的楼外楼餐厅吃到，餐厅里总是挤满了顾客。②Thehikerpackedhisbackpackandintendedtohiketoaremotespot.那个徒步旅行者收拾好背包，打算去一个偏远的地方徒步旅行。③Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingby，seventobeexact.首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声，确切地说是七只。④It’sincredibleto.这辆小公共汽车里挤下那么多人真令人难以置信。知识点16Louis，meanwhile，alsostandingonthedeck，wasluckynottobethrownintothesea.meanwhileadv.同时；其间；对比之下forthemeanwhile一会儿；暂时inthemeanwhile在此期间；与此同时①，Imadeupmymindtostudyharderratherthanwasteprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings.与此同时，我下定决心要更加努力地学习，而不是把宝贵的时间浪费在那些没用的事情上。②Ihopetogotoanagriculturalcollegeeventually.，Iamgoingtostudybotany.我希望最终能上一所农学院。这期间我打算学植物学。③Weneedsomenewbotanicalsamples，butthesewilldo.我们需要一些新的植物样品，但这些暂时还可以用。知识点17JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarbor，sotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwarontheUnitedStates.plotn．阴谋；故事情节vi.&vt.密谋；(在地图上)画出，标出plotwith...against...与……谋划反对……plot...on...在……画出/标出……①Thehuntermetwithandtrappedthefoxintohistrap.猎人将计就计，把狐狸诱入了他的圈套。②Duringthevoyage，thetwocrewmembersplottedeachotherthecaptain’sleadership.在航行中，两名船员互相密谋反对船长的领导。③However，IofthemoviethatIforgotthetime.然而，我太专注于电影的情节，以至于忘记了时间。④Don’tworry，theparkinglotsthetouristmap.别担心，停车场已标在旅游地图上。随堂练习一Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Europeans，thecontrary，talkinastraightforwardmanner，preferringtotellthetruthindirectways.2．Wewillhaveoursuitcases(pack)upaheadofschedulesothatwecandepartthemomentwehavemadeourdecision.3．Accordingtohismemory，thesailorsplottedtheexactlocationoftheislandthechart.4．Allofthepeopleintheworldpraypeaceandliveinharmonywitheachother.5．Thecontribution(make)bytheoldastronauttoourcountryreallyastonishedus.Ⅱ.完成句子1．，theboyhasbeeninterestedinvoyagesincehewasachild.和大多数孩子相反，这个男孩从小时候起就对航海感兴趣。2．Nomatterwhatdifficultieshemeets，he.无论遇到什么困难，他都采用积极的人生态度来面对生活。3．Itistypicalofhimto.把生活中的挑战从困难转变成动力，是他的典型特征。4．，heworksveryhardandisoccupiedinstudyingandexpandinghisknowledgeallday.与此同时，他工作非常努力，整天忙于学习和扩大他的知识面。二Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ihopethesetipswillhelpyoutomakemorefriends，andI’m(convince)thatyouwillgetoutofthebotheringtrouble.2．Knowingthatmyniecehadarrivedsafelytookaloadmymindatonce.3．Themechanic’swifeinsistedthatthedoctorwhooperatedonherhusband(take)fullresponsibilityforthismedicalaccident.4．Therobber(panic)himintounfoldinghisboxandhandingoverthevaluablevaselastnight.5．Theyhadreceivednonewsofthecaptainsincehis(depart)fromtheisland.6.Occupiedinplayingcomputergames，theboy(dismiss)fromtheschoolfootballteam.7．Tomy(astonish)，thereisanacuteshortageofwaterandfoodinthecountry.8．Itdidn’ttakelongtheywalkedthroughthefrontdoorcarryingabigbox.Ⅱ.完成句子1．AllofthesearticlesinthecolumnofYouth.《青春》这个栏目的所有文章都满含正能量。2．(应用文写作之正反观点对比)Somebelievethatdecentpayisamajorconcernincareerchoosingwhileothersinsistthat.有些人认为优厚的薪酬是职业选择时主要考虑的问题，而另一些人则认为应该把兴趣和才能放在首位。3．(应用文写作之人物描写)YuanLongpingoneoftheworld’sgreatestscientists.袁隆平被公认为世界上最伟大的科学家之一。4．(应用文写作之邀请信)，I’dliketoexpressourwarmestwelcometoyou.我代表学生会向你们表示最热烈的欢迎。5．Heallhispersonalinformationhadbeenexposedtothepublic.他吃惊地发现他所有的个人信息都被公开了。语法语法精讲Activity1读文探究阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题1．Learningandtravellingwereexactlywhathelpedhiminhislatercareerasahistorian.2．Hisfather’sdreamwasthatonedayhecouldwriteagreatmasterpiecerecordingwhathadhappenedinhistory.3．Hischiefconcernwaswhetherhecoulddohisjobmoreeffectivelyandefficiently.1．我们可以使用名词性从句作为句子的表语。2．当从句是陈述句时，我们可以用that引导表语从句，如句2；当从句是一般疑问句时，我们可以用whether引导表语从句，如句3；当从句是特殊疑问句时，我们可以用what，why，when，where等疑问词引导表语从句，如句1。Activity2语法精析一、定义在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。二、连接词的用法连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough/because连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how1．连接词当名词性从句主干齐全，又不缺少状语时，用连接词引导。(1)that引导的表语从句that引导表语从句本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。Thefactisthatmorethanseventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.事实是，超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖着。Thedrawbackofthepopularityofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.汽车流行的缺点是它造成了太多的空气污染。(2)whether引导的表语从句whether引导表语从句意为“是否”，但不充当句子成分；if不可引导表语从句。Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowevening.问题是我们能否在明晚以前完成我们的工作。Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.医生真正怀疑的是我母亲的重病是否能很快康复。(3)asif/though引导的表语从句asif/though引导表语从句意为“好像”，引导表语从句时要注意时态。如果句中的情况与事实不相符，从句多用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词要用“had＋过去分词”；如果从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，用would/could＋动词原形。LiLeiisnowinanewjacket.HelooksasifhewereanAmericanboy.(与现在事实相反)李雷现在穿着一件新夹克。他看起来像个美国男孩。Thegirlisgivingusavividdescriptionofthemoon.Itseemsasifshehadbeentothemoonmanytimes.(与过去事实相反)那个女孩正在给我们生动地描述月亮。就好像她去过月球很多次。Helooksverysadasifhewoulddepartforanotherworld.(与将来事实相反)他看起来很伤心，好像要到另一个世界去了。但是，如果asif/though引导的表语从句所述与事实相符，那么从句用陈述语气。Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.乌云密布。看来要下雨了。2．连接代词连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。Whatworriesusmostiswholetoutthesecret.最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。Theproblemiswhoseworkisthebestamongthemechanics.问题是在这些技工中间谁的工作最好。Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother，butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.我在某本书或另一本书上看到过这件事，但我不知道是哪一本了。温馨提示：what在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“什么，什么样子，或所……的人或事”。Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.问题是是什么造成了这次事故。Tomysurprise，thechurchisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.令我惊讶的是，这座教堂已经不是以前的样子了。Patienceisagoodvirtueandthat’swhatittakestodoanythingwell.耐心是一种美德，这是做好任何事情所需要的。Ashipinharborissafe，butthat’snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.船停放在海港里是安全的，但这并非造船的目的。3．连接副词连接副词when，where，why，how等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式等。Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That’swhereIwasborn.”奶奶指着医院说：“那是我出生的地方。”Withthenumberofcarsincreasingrapidlyincities，amajorproblemiswherethecarscanbeparked.随着城市中汽车数量的快速增长，一个主要问题是汽车可以停在哪里。WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsiswhyshealwayshassomanycrazyideas.使莉莉的朋友们困惑的是她为什么总有那么多疯狂的想法。温馨提示：1That’swhy...那就是为什么……why从句表示结果2That’sbecause...那是因为……because从句表示原因3Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……表语从句常用that引导，而不用becauseEnglishhasmanyborrowedwords；that’swhyitisratherconfusingtolearners.英语有很多外来词；那就是为什么它会让学习者感到非常困惑。—Icalledyourofficeatabouttenthismorning，buttherewasnoreply.—Oh，thatwasprobablybecauseIwaspayingavisittoafriendinhospital.——我今天上午10点左右给你办公室打电话，但是没有人接。——噢，那可能是因为我去探望一位住院的朋友了。ThereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。三、表语从句中应注意的问题1．当句子的主语是：advice，demand，desire，idea，instruction，order，proposal，recommendation，request，requirement，suggestion，wish等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：shoulddo，should可省掉。Myadviceisthatyou(should)gotoapologizetohim.我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。Thestudents’requestisthattheschoollibrary(should)providemorebooksonpopularscience.学生们的请求是学校的图书馆应该提供更多关于大众科学的书。2．表语从句一定要用陈述语序。WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.(√)WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadshouldwetake.(×)我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1．Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwashescoredthewinninggoal.2．Don’tbesad.Themostimportantthingiswemustlearnfromourmistakesandmoveon.3．Itisest