重难点01-4阅读理解之记叙文-2023年高考英语专练(新高考专用)(学生版)

重难点01-阅读理解之-2023年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(新高考专用)新高考阅读理解两年(2021-2022)之体裁和主题内容统计年份语篇卷别体裁主题内容2022新高考卷A篇I卷应用文文学概论课程评分办法II卷应用文儿童博物馆团体游B篇I卷说明文以实际行动减少食物浪费II卷记叙文新型阅读体验C篇I卷新闻报道养鸡提升老年人幸福感II卷说明文使用Textalyzer(短信监控器)的技术来监控司机在开车D篇I卷说明文饮食变化带来发音变化II卷说明文锻炼对于心脏的好处2021新高考卷A篇I卷应用文罗马的四个旅馆II卷应用文约克郡的四个活动B篇I卷记叙文介绍钢琴翻页的职业II卷记叙文作者照顾老虎C篇I卷说明文湿地破坏，保护环境II卷记叙文捐资助学D篇I卷说明文情商是品质还是技能II卷说明文机器人监测牧牛的健康状况两年阅读理解考得最多的文体是“说明文”，其次为“记叙文”，再次为“应用文”，而“议论文”则没有涉及。在“三新(新课标新教材新高考)”背景下，2023年是否要考“议论文”体裁的阅读理解，我们将拭目以待。从上述统计来看，记叙文体裁的阅读理解题似有减少的趋势(2021记叙文为3篇，而2022记叙文1篇+新闻报道<记叙为主>1篇)，但不管怎么变，记叙文体裁的阅读理解应该在高考中是不会缺席的。高考记叙文体裁阅读理解的命题一直都比较稳定：着重考查细节理解题和推理判断题，兼顾其他题型。记叙文是指以“记叙或夹叙夹议”为主的文章，即讲明过去已经发生、当前正在发生亦或是未来可能发生的事情，并发表一定的议论或看法。记叙文按文体分又可以细分为小说、时文/新闻报道、人物传记及奇闻轶事等。记叙文按题材分又分为写人的记叙文和叙事的记叙文，人不离事，事不离人，但写作对象和写作目的有区别。写人的记叙文以人为写作的对象，更加注重对人的外表和心理进行描写，以突出人物的性格特点；而叙事的记叙文以事件为写作的对象，揭示事件对人、对社会的思想及教育意义。高考记叙文阅读理解题设问的一般顺序为：按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。命题的切入点往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手。记叙文的阅读，要特别关注以下几点：关注描写人物的时间顺序(顺叙、倒叙和插叙)、生活背景、实践经历、所说名言；关注故事的(情节)发生，发展、高潮和结局；关注故事所蕴含的哲理意义，尤要关注故事结尾的升华；关注对话的风趣性，感受幽默的精髓；关注“首段”和“段首”(尤其是对新闻报道类的记叙文如此)，抓住文章的主旨句，把握文章大意和作者写作意图。 一、识题材，明重点识别原文是以写人为主的记叙文还是以叙事为主的记叙文，以明确阅读时的重点。对于写人的记叙文，要把握文中针对人物学习以及工作情况的描写，并且理顺人物所经历事情的顺序。针对人物不同年龄阶段做过的事情、说过的话进行理解，有重点地把握人物性格特征。对于叙事的记叙文，要迅速的在文章中找出记叙文的六个要素(when,who,where,what,why,how)。理清事件发展的顺序，重点了解整个事情的来龙去脉，以把握作者所要表达的主要意图。二、看题干，定区间除了主旨题以外的题目，大多数题目顺序与原文中各信息要点顺序一致。针对这些题目，可以采用区间定位的方法，根据题干信息锁定相应的区间进行研读后去解题。解题时要有针对性的运用恰当的方法(见本系列资料：重难点01-1阅读理解之题型剖析)去解不同的题型。三、守原则，辨真伪在做记叙文体裁的阅读理解题时，需要遵循三个原则：主旨原则、问题优先原则、证据原则。1.阅读理解的题目通常会围绕主旨或主线，违背主旨的选项一般不是正确答案；与主旨无关的选项或原文中细枝末节的信息，即便选项内容正确，一般也不是正确答案。2.考生在做阅读理解时，应先看问题不看选项(如果又看题干又看选项，可能会被选项的众多信息所干扰，而且也不容易记住选项信息)，然后根据题干信息去文中寻找答案信息，再将找到的信息与选项进行匹配。3.考生在答题时一定要有证据意识，即所有答案一定都能在原文中找到出处或根据。切忌根据自己的主观想法答题，或是根据常识判断，否则很容易误选答案。【经典考例1】(引用原题号，以下同)(2020·新高考I卷/山东卷B篇)JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor’sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(学费),becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.’’Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,’’shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat’sprettypowerful.24.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork. B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege. D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.25.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfield?A.Totakecareofherkidseasily. B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents. D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.26.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealth. B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation. D.Herchanceofpromotion.27.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer’sstory?A.Timeismoney. B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff. D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.【经典考例2】(2022·新高考II卷B篇)Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes(戳)thepagewithhisfinger.What’supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It’sanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI’mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I’veevenbuiltwebsites.There’sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:I’vespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn’tstopChinaDailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar—twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.25.Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer. B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa. D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.26.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?A.Sociallyambitious. B.Physicallyattractive.C.Financiallyindependent. D.Digitallycompetent.27.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasajournalist?A.Helacksexperienceinhisjob. B.Heseldomappearsontelevision.C.Hemanagesavideodepartment. D.Heofteninterviewsinternetstars.【经典考例3】(2022·新高考I卷C篇)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.”“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.(题目序号均引用新高考阅读理解B篇)每篇答题时间不超过7分钟Passage1(2021年新高考I卷B篇)Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhisspareonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’“RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”24.WhatshouldTittertonbeabletodotobeapageturner?A.Readmusic. B.Playthepiano. C.Singsongs. D.Fixtheinstruments.25.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.26.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages. B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects. D.Performinginhisownstyle.27.WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband“theworsepageturner”?A.Hehasverypooreyesight. B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic. D.Heforgetstodohisjob.Passage2(2022·湖北黄冈高三期中)“Thearrowshotissostraightthatithitsthebull’seye,theyoungpeoplewillhavegoodluck…”Dargyesangasheworkedonhishandmadebag.Dargye,56,anartistwhoexcelsattraditionalcraftsmanshipandTibetanfolkmusicinDrinbavillageinDragyibdistrict,Nyingchi,Tibetautonomousregion,remembersmanyfolksongshelearnedfromhisfatheranduncle.Now,it’shisturntopassthemon.“IhavelikedtraditionalsongsanddancessinceIwasachild,”saidDargye,whohasfourapprentices(学徒).“Thesongstellthehistoriesofourancestorsandcarryouruniqueculture,and-it’salwaysalotoffuntoperformthesetraditionalsongsanddancesatvariousgatherings.”Thesongtopicsvaryfromarchery,love,tolaborandpraisefortheland.Inadditiontoteachingthesesongsto/hisfamilymembersandapprentices,healsousessocialmediaplatformssuchasWeChattoteachsongs.Hisdaughter,ChokButri,alsoadmiresthefolkculture.Afterpostingavideoofherdaughter,TseringKyi,dancingonDouyin,shegainedalotofnewfansonthepopularshort-videoplatform.“Wearemodernpeoplelivinginamodernera,soit’simportantandourresponsibilitythatweusemoderntoolstopassonourtraditionalculturetomakeitlastforever.”saidChokButri,addingthatsheoftenpostssongsanddancesonWeChatandDouyin.Dargyeandhisfellowvillagersalsorecreatesongs,addingmodernelementssuchasaircraftandtrainstothelyrics.Besidessinginganddancing,DargyemakeshandicraftsdecoratedwithTibetanculturalelements,includingvarioushideandhairropes,bagsmadeofleatherandcloth,andknifesheaths.Thelocalgovernmentencouragesvillagerstoinherit(继承)anddevelopfolksongsandotherformsoftraditionalculture.Dargye’seffortstopreservefolkculturehavebeenacknowledgedbythegovernment.In2014,hewaschosenasacounty-levelintangible(无形的)culturalinheritorandreceivesfundseveryyear.24.WhydoesDargyewanttopassthecultureon?A.Hewantstosatisfyhisinterest. B.Hewantstolearnfromtheseniors.C.Hewantstobringpeoplefun. D.Hewantstoinheritanddevelopit.25.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningDargye’sdaughter?A.Toshowfolkmusic’seffectonher. B.TostressDargye’sinfluenceonher.C.Toemphasizeherloveforfolkculture. D.Torevealthepopularityoffolkcultureonline.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDargye?A.Ambitiousandhonest. B.Talentedandcurious.C.Devotedandcreative. D.Generousanddetermined.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Alleffortstopreserveculturepayoff. B.Craftsmancarriestunestopreserveculture.C.Anartistpreferstraditionalsongsanddances. D.Tibetancultureisbeingprotectedandpassedon.Passage3(2022·福建三明高三期中)Ienjoythrowingstuffaway.I’dlovetogofullminimalism(极简主义),butmywifeandtwoteenagekidsdonotsharemydreamofahousewithalmostnothinginit.Ihavetried.Whenthekidswerelittle,Itaughtthemmytwofavoritegames—“DoWeNeedIt?”and“PutItinItsPlace”—andmadethemplayeveryfewmonths.Theirenthusiasmnevermatchedmine.IfI’mgoingtobehonest,myowntidyingskillsarenotasgreatasI’dlike.My“discarded”pileisneverquitethetrashmountainIwantbecauseImakeupexcusesforwhythingsareuseful.Iconsiderthisunhealthy.Iwanttobebetteratmovingon.So,thistimeIfoundhelp—theclassicsforpeoplelikeme:TheLife-ChangingMagicofTidyingUp,byMarieKondo.Kondo’scommitmenttohercraftisastonishing.Herphilosophyisonlytokeepthingsyoulove.CanIgofullKondo?Iwilltry.Onecentralideaistocleanbycategory.Youstartbycollectingallclothesandgatheringthemtogetherforconsideration.Itmakesyourethinkhowyouorganize.Next,holdeachitemandaskifitbringsyoujoy.Thiswayyou’rechoosingwhattokeep.Andthat’showIfindmyselfwithallmyclothesonmybedroomfloor.MywifewalksbyandgivesmealookthatsaysI’mnuts.She’sprobablynotwrong.Somewherenearthebottomofthischaosismyspecialjacket.Imovethroughthepile:pants,shirts,suitsandshoes.Thenmylastcategory:jackets.Ihaven’twornthethinginabout30years.Somehow,ithassurvived.NowthatI’mstrivingtofollowKondo—surely,itstimehascome?Iholditinmyhand.ThereisatearjustbelowthecollarthatwidensasIholdit.It’sliterallyfallingapart.WillIeverwearitagain?Notachance.Doesitfeelgoodtowear?Doesitbringmejoy?Actually,yes.Atthismoment,mydaughterwalksin.Sheasksaboutthejacket.Itellherthestory.ShethinksIshouldkeepit.It’scoolanduniqueandfullofmemories.Sheisarguingthatnostalgia(怀念)istheveryreason.I’mnotentirelyconvincedbymydaughter’sarguments.Ibelieveinlookingahead,notbackward.Nevertheless,sometimesit’shardtoletgo.SoIgentlyplacethejacketonthe“keep”pile.24.Whatistheattitudeoftheauthor’sfamilymemberstowardminimalism?A.Theydon’tunderstandit. B.Theycompletelysupportit.C.Theyarestronglyopposedtoit. D.Theyarelesspassionateaboutit.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”probablymeaninParagraph2?A.adjusted B.reserved C.abandoned D.tidied26.WhatdrivestheauthortoreadTheLife-ChangingMagicofTidyingUp?A.Tolearnhowtocategorize. B.Toimprovehistidyingskills.C.Topersuadehisfamilymembers. D.Todeveloppassionforminimalism.27.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Knowingwhentoletgo B.ClassifyingwhatyouloveC.Throwingworn-outclothes D.KeepingvaluablepossessionsPassage4(2022·广东广州市五中高三阶段练)Lastmonth,IwassortingthroughanoldboxwhenIcameacrossatimecapsule,inpurpleandgreenfloss(丝线).Fadedandworm,itwasafriendshipbracelet(手链)—animportantpartofmyteenagesummers.Holdingitinmyhandmademethinkaboutthosepreciousmemoriesofchildhood,whichmykidswillneverknowfirsthand.Myhandiworkwasn’tbeautiful.ButwhatIrememberisthebeautyoftheoffering:slippingsomethingintoafriend’shandandknowingitwouldalwaysbewiththem.Theexperiencewasintoxicating;physicalandconcrete,liketheseriousbusinessofexchangingweddingrings,itwasasymbolofanunbreakablebond.Thosebraceletsrepresentedhowmuchwemeanttoeachother,atatimewhenourfriendswerebecomingthecenterofourlives.Isleptwithmybraceletsandshoweredwiththem.Iworethemallsummerlongatcamp.AndIacquirednewbraceletsfromfriendsthere—friendswhoreceivedcarefullycraftedbraceletsfrommeinreturn,aswesaidourtearfulend-of-summergoodbyes.Ithoughthavingthemhelpedeasethepainofleavingmyfriends.ButnowIseethattheywerereallyhelpingmetoleavebehindchildhood.Mykidsdon’tgotosummercamp.Theycertainlydon’texchangeanythingasuncoolasbraceletswiththeirfriends.TheyhangoutonDiscord(一种聊天软件)inchatsthatonlypausebutneverend.OureldestsonendlesslytextsonhiscellphoneasheandhisfriendsmakeoneanothertalkingemojisandTikTokvideos.Theirrelationshipswiththeirphonesleavenotimeorspaceforwritinglettersormakingbracelets,andtheirgiftstooneanotherleavenoclearanddefinitetraces.Therewillbenoboxesofletterstosortyearsfromnownoranyhiddenbraceletstofind.Theywillhavelittletophysicallyholdonto.24.Whydoestheauthorassociateabraceletwithatimecapsule?A.Itisfadedandworn. B.Itremindsherofherchildhood.C.Itisshapedlikeacapsule. D.Itwasmadebytheauthorherself.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intoxicating”meaninParagraph2?A.Professional. B.Temporary. C.Exciting. D.Strange.26.Whydoestheauthorthinkherkids’childhoodisdifferentfromhers?A.Theymakemorefriendsatsummercamp. B.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheircellphones.C.Theyareunwillingtogivebraceletstoparents. D.Theyoftensendhand-madegiftstotheirfriends.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefriendshipbracelets?A.Theyprovedtheauthor’skidshadmuchtophysicallyholdonto.B.Theyrepresentedboththeauthorandherkids’unforgettablechildhood.C.Theygavemeaningtotheauthor’schildhoodinawayherkidswillneverknow.D.Theyrecalledtheauthor’sdeepsorrowofleavingclosefriendsatsummercamp.Passage5(2022·湖北高三期中)AsIwritethisblogon23rdApril,mostoftheUKwillhavebeenstuckathomeforawholemonthsince23rdMarch.Asweadjusttothephysicalchallengesbroughtaboutbycoronavirus,itwillcomeasnosurprisewhenIsaythatourlanguageisalsobeingaffectedbythecurrentsituation.Wehavealllearnedsomenewvocabulary:coronavirusbeingon