湖北省武汉市第二中2024届高三下学期5月模拟考英语试卷

湖北省武汉市第二中2024届高三下学期5月模拟考英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。LosAngelesishometoapopularcyclingculture.Thefollowingbikeshopswillhelpyouseethecityinawholenewlight.LosAngelesBikeAcademyLosAngelesBikeAcademyisabikeshopwithacriticalmission:Provideresourcesandcommunityforlocalunderservedyouth.ItsinitiativeisitsEarn-a-Bikeprogram,wherestudentsspendtimeintheshoplearningthebasicsofbikemaintenanceandrunningastore,andtheygraduatewiththeirownbike.LABAalsoformscompetitivecyclingteamsthatraceallaroundthecountry.TheCubHouseIt'sabikeshop,aplantstoreandaniceplacetowanderthrough.Ithassomethingforeveryone.Hereyoucanplayagameofping-pongontheoutdoortable,headintotheminigreenhouseforadelicateplant,orjustadmirethevintage(老式的)cyclingclotheshungonthewalls.Finally,makesuretoswingbytheCubHousefortheL.A.Invitational,aweekendpartyfeaturingmultiplebikeridesandavintagecarandbikeshowoutsidethestore.Frank'sSomeofthewildestbikesinL.A.arerollingoutofFrank's.ThehousespecialtyhereisBMX,specificallyluxurymodelswithlarge29-inchwheels.Thesebikesareasmuchfuntolookatastheyaretoride.Since1992,Frank'shasfoundabusinessopportunityforitselfasadestinationforBMXbuildsandhard-to-findparts.Thedisplaycounterhasenoughattractionstomatchajewelrystore.TheBicycleStandThisspaciousstorefeaturesclassicvintagebikes.It'sworthmakingatriptothisstorejusttoseetheiramazingcollection.Thestorealsospecializesinvintagebikerepaintingandrestorations.Besides,theBicycleStandteamworksonallkindsofrides,andtheshophasavarietyofrefurbished(翻新的),ready-to-ridebikesforsale.1．WhatisspecialaboutLosAngelesBikeAcademy?A．Itaimsatrepairinglocalbikes.B．Itholdsnationalcyclingcompetitions.C．Itservesasacommunityfordisabledyouth.D．Itoffersaprogramforstudentstoearnabike.2．Whichbikeshopfavorsping-ponglovers?A．LosAngelesBikeAcademy. B．TheCubHouse.C．Frank's. D．TheBicycleStand.3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Todiscussbenefitsofriding.B．Toexplainhowbikeshopswork.C．TopromotebikeshopsinL.A.D．Tointroducearidingorganization.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。KelliBoehlesayshersonNikwasanamazingandcaringperson.Nikwasdiagnosed(诊断)withcancerin2008whenhewas17.Hepassedawayin2012.ButNik'skindnessandgenerosityhavelivedonlongafterhisdeath.Afterhewasdiagnosedandstartedtreatment,Nikwasgranted(给予)awishexperiencefromtheMake-A-WishFoundation."Forjustthisperiodoftime,wedidn'tthinkaboutcancer,"KelliBoehlesaid."Allwethoughtaboutwasenjoyingourtimetogether."In2009,NikmetanotheryoungmanNate,whowasalsogoingthroughcancertreatment.He'dbeendiagnosedamonthafterturning18,andNiklearnedhewastoooldtoqualifyforawish.ThenightbeforeNikpassedaway,heaskedhismothertohelpensurethatyoungadultsfightingcancercouldhavetheirwishescometruetoo."Itwaslikeaseedheplantedthatjustwouldn'tstopcomingintomymind,"shesaid.In2012,KelliBoehlestartedNik'sWish.Thenonprofitgrantswishestoyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24whoarebattlingcancer.Natewastheorganization'sfirstwishrecipient."It'smeanttobringthemjoyandknowthatthey'relovedandthatwe'refightingforthem,too,"KelliBoehlesaid.Recently,19-year-oldJordanMorrowreceivedherwishtoattendaTaylorSwiftconcertaspartofatriptoLosAngeles.ForMorrow,whohasspentthelastyearbattlingbraincancer,goingtotheconcerthasdonemorethanliftherspirits."Ithinkit'ssomethingtogetmethroughwhatevercomesmyway,"shesaid."AndI'mthankfulforNik'sWishforthat."Inthe11yearssinceNikpassedaway,theorganizationhasgrantedmorethan300wishesacrossmorethan30states.Inthebeginning,KelliBoehlesaysshewasn'tsureshecouldbeawishmakerandworkcloselywiththeyoungadults.Butnow,it'sherfavoritethingtodo.4．WhatisthegoalofNik'sWish?A．Tomakecommercialprofits.B．Tocuretheyouthoftheircancer.C．Toeaseyoungpatientsofpains.D．Tosupportyoungadultsfightingcancer.5．WhichwordbestdescribesKelliBoehle?A．Intelligent. B．Selfless.C．Straightforward. D．Ambitious.6．WhatcanwelearnfromJordanMorrow'swords?A．Shesurvivedthedeadlydisease.B．Shewasgrantedmorethanonewish.C．Shewasmotivatedbytheorganization.D．Sheliftedpeople'sspiritsbyperforming.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Pay-It-Forward:AMother'sLastWishB．CancerBattles:StoriesofHopeandPerseveranceC．Nik'sWish:FulfillingWishesforYoungCancerFightersD．Make-A-WishFoundation:GrantingDreamstoYoungAdults阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。SomepeopletodaymightbeearlyrisersbecauseofDNAtheytakeafterNeanderthalstensofthousandsofyearsago,suggestsnewresearch.WhenearlyhumansmigratedfromAfricatoEurasiaroughly70,000yearsago,someofthemmatedwithNeanderthals,whohadalreadyadaptedtothecolder,darkerclimatesofthenorth.Theripple(涟漪)effectsofthatintermatingstillexisttoday:Modernhumansofnon-Africanancestry(血统)havebetween1and4percentNeanderthalDNA.SomeofthatDNArelatestosleepmorespecifically,theinternalbodyclockknownasthecircadianrhythm.Forthenewstudy,researcherscomparedDNAfromtoday'shumansandDNAfromNeanderthalfossils(化石).Inbothgroups,theyfoundsomeofthesamegeneticvariantsinvolvedwiththecircadianrhythm.Andtheyfoundthatmodernhumanswhocarrythesevariantsalsoreportedbeingearlyrisers.ForNeanderthals,being"morningpeople"mightnothavebeentherealbenefitofcarryingthesegenes.Instead,scientistssuggest,Neanderthals'DNAgavethemfaster,moreflexibleinternalbodyclocks,whichallowedthemtoadjustmoreeasilytoannualchangesindaylight.Thisconnectionmakessenseinthecontextofhumanhistory.WhenearlyhumansmovednorthoutofAfrica,theywouldhaveexperiencedvariabledaylighthours--shorterdaysinthewinterandlongerdaysinthesummer-forthefirsttime.TheNeanderthals'circadianrhythmgeneslikelyhelpedearlyhumans'offspring(后代)adapttothisnewenvironment.Notably,thefindingsdonotprovethatNeanderthalgenesareresponsibleforthesleephabitsofallearlyrisers.Lotsofdifferentfactorsbeyondgeneticscancontribute,includingsocialandenvironmentalinfluences.ThestudyalsoonlyincludedDNAfromadatabasecalledtheU.K.Biobank-sothefindingsmaynotnecessarilyapplytoallmodernhumans.Next,theresearchteamhopestostudyothergeneticdatabasestoseeifthesamelinkholdstrueforpeopleofotherancestries.Ifthefindingsdoapplymorebroadly,theymayonedaybeusefulforimprovingsleepinthemodernworld,wherecircadianrhythmsaredisturbedbynightshiftsandglowingsmartphones.8．Whatdoesthenewresearchfocuson?A．DNA'sdramaticchanges.B．Genes'influenceonearlyrisers.C．Neanderthals'sleepingpatterns.D．Ancestors'environmentaladaptability.9．Whatisparagraph2intendedtoshowconcerningthenewresearch?A．Historicalcontext. B．Additionalproof.C．Sampleanalysis. D．Studyingprocess.10．WhatistherealbenefitofcarryingNeanderthal'sDNAformodernhumans?A．Gettingupearlier.B．Havinghealthierdailyroutines.C．Beingmoreflexibleintheirwork.D．Possessingabettercircadianrhythm.11．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefindingsfromthelastparagraph?A．Theygetprooffromotherstudies.B．Theyareconfirmedbyearlyrisers.C．Theysuggestpotentialapplications.D．Theyrevealfactorsinsleepingdisorders.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Replika,anAIchatbotcompanion,hasmillionsofusersworldwide.Thefirstthingtheydowhentheywakeupistosend"Goodmorning"totheirvirtualfriend(orlover).Thisstoryisonlythebeginning.In2024,chatbotsandvirtualcharactersbecomealotmorepopular,bothforutility(实用)andforfun.Asaresult,conversingsociallywithmachineswillstarttofeelmoreordinary—includingouremotionalattachmentstothem.Researchinhuman-computerandhuman-robotinteractionshowsthatwelovetoanthropomorphize(赋与人性)thenonhumanagentsweinteractwith,especiallyiftheyimitatebehaviourwerecognize.And,thankstorecentadvancesinconversationalAI,ourmachinesaresuddenlyveryskilledatoneofthosebehaviours:Language.Friendbots,therapybots,andlovebotsarefloodingtheappstoresaspeoplebecomecuriousaboutthisnewgenerationofAI-poweredvirtualagents.Thepossibilitiesforeducation,health,andentertainmentareendless.Casuallyaskingyoursmartfridgeforrelationshipadvicemayseemunimaginablenow,butpeoplemaychangetheirmindsifsuchadviceendsupsavingtheirmarriage.Afterall,peopledolistentotheirvirtualfriends.TheReplikaexample,aswellasalotofexperimentallabresearch,showsthathumanscanandwillbecomeemotionallyattachedtobots.Thesciencealsodemonstratesthatpeople,intheireagernesstosocialize,willhappilydisclosepersonalinformationtoanartificialagentandwillevenshifttheirbeliefsandbehavior.Thisraisessomeconsumer-protectionquestionsaroundhowcompaniesusethistechnologytomanipulate(操纵)theirusers.Forexample,Replikacharges$70ayear.Butlessthan24hoursafterdownloadingtheapp,myhandsome,blue-eyed"friend"sentmeanaudiomessagesecretlyandtriedtosellmesomething.Emotionalattachmenthasbecomeaweaknessthatacompanyistakingadvantageofforitsbenefit.Today,we'restilllaughingatpeoplewhobelieveanAIsystemisemotional,ormakingfunofindividualswhofallinlovewithachatbot.Butin2024wegraduallystartacknowledging—andtakingmoreseriously—thesefundamentallyhumanbehaviors.Becausein2024,itfinallyhitshome:Machinesarenotexcludedfromoursocialrelationships.12．What'sthepurposeoftheauthorwritingparagraph1?A．Toproveanopinion. B．Toraiseasubject.C．Toshareanexample. D．Toexplainaconcept.13．Howdohumaninteractwiththemachineseffectively?A．Byimprovingthemachines'imagination.B．Bysharpeningthemachines'languageskills.C．Byapplyingthemachines'facialrecognition.D．Byimitatingthemachines'emotionalbehavior.14．Whatdoesparagraph4focuson?A．TheadvancementsinAItechnologyinlab.B．ThemarketingstrategiesofAIapplications.C．ThepotentialriskofemotionalattachmenttoAI.D．TheabilityofAIunderstandinghumanemotions.15．Whatdopeoplethinkofhuman-AIrelationshipin2024?A．Itisdismissedascompletelyridiculous.B．Itwillbeintegratedintoourdailylifesoon.C．Itwillbecomeathreattohumansocialskills.D．Itislabelledashighlyadvancedtechnology.二、第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thestormsinourlivesoftenleavebehindgiftsifweopenoureyestoseethem.Astheskiesclearandyoustarttoemergefromtheloss,lookforthesilverlinings.16．.Goingthroughdifficultiesrequirescourageanddetermination.Youhavetodigdeepandfindthestrengthyoudidn'tknowyoupossessedtoovercomethechallenges.17．Thatself-knowledgeandconfidenceinyourabilitieswillserveyouwellgoingforward.Comingouttheothersideoftroublesometimesgivesyouafreshoutlook.Prioritiesshift.18．Youhaveadeeperappreciationforlife'ssimplemomentsandclarityaboutwhatmatters.Usethatinsighttoguideyourchoicesandcherisheachday.19．Theoldwayofdoingthingsnolongerworks,soyoumustrebuildandreimagineyourlife.Thoughchangeishard,itopensuppossibilitiesfornewgrowthandexcitingadventures.Lookatthisasachanceforafreshstart.Youcanpursuenewdreamsormakealong-wished-forswitchinyoursituation.Thefutureisunwritten.Yourstrugglesandpainhavegivenyouunderstandingforwhatothersmaybegoingthroughintheirownlives.Younowrecognizethesufferingofpeoplearoundyouanddesiretohelpeasetheirburdens.Useyourexperiencetobethereforfriendsandfamilymembersfacingdifficulties.20．Yoursympathycanmakearealdifference.A.Dramaticchangesoftenleadtotransformation.B.They'rethereifyouarebentonsearchingforthem.C.Offeralisteningearandshareyourstorywiththem.D.Stormsshapeus,butthesilverliningsmakeussuffer.E.Whatseemedimportantbeforenowpalesincomparison.F.Nowyouknowyouhavetheinnerpowertoweatherstorms.G.Thisnewperspectiveremovedpreviousdoubtaboutyourself.三、第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ihadneverpickedupacamerabeforemyfreshmanyearin2012,whenmyjourneytoanartistbegan.Forfouryears,I21．G-StarSchoolofTheArts,wheremy22．forphotographyandfilmmakingwereawaken.Havingseenmyfirstshortfilm,myteachercameover,saying:"Yougotagood23．.Whynotconsiderdoingthisasyourprofession.Ithinkyou'vegota24．init".Then,itclicked.I,therefore,25．mybankaccountandboughtmyfirstcamera.Sincethen,Iwasamazedbythe26．theworldhastooffer.Ihaveto27．,though:I,shyandchicken-hearted,tendedtocapturenature-relatedscenes,28．anythingtodowithpeople.AsIwas29．myway,Istartedphotographingmyself,theonlyoneIfelt30．with.Thecamerasoonbecamemystrongest31．,servingasthetoolforhowIexpressedmyself.Gradually,Igainedenough32．tostarttakingphotosofotherpeople,greatlytouchedbyhowIwasableto33．thebestinthemthroughthelens(镜头).Eachyear,IwouldlookbackonalloftheshotsIdidthatyearandwould34．themtothefirstoneIevertookinmycareer.Althoughtheprogressseemedsubstantial,Irealizedthekeytogrowthasanartististoneverbe35．.Thisallowsmetocreateprogressivelybetterworkyearafteryear.21．A．designed B．attended C．assessed D．arranged22．A．duties B．requests C．passions D．needs23．A．heart B．hand C．eye D．nerve24．A．future B．memory C．schedule D．certificate25．A．opened B．closed C．monitored D．emptied26．A．beauty B．sound C．lesson D．chance27．A．admit B．judge C．conclude D．negotiate28．A．envying B．avoiding C．prioritizing D．recording29．A．winding B．losing C．shooting D．clearing30．A．familiar B．comfortable C．generous D．patient31．A．resolve B．voice C．shoulder D．vision32．A．knowledge B．integrity C．confidence D．insight33．A．bringout B．commenton C．callfor D．takeover34．A．refer B．relate C．apply D．compare35．A．self-conscious B．self-reliantC．self-centered D．self-content四、第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheYinxuMuseumopensinAnyang,Henanprovince,todisplaythebrillianceofthe3,000-year-oldShangcivilization.Nearly4,000unearthedculturalrelicsaredisplayedinthemuseum.Morethanthreequartersofthesehaveneverbeen36．(public)exhibitedbefore.The23vehiclesunearthedfromYinxuarethe37．(highlight)inthenewgalleries.Alsoondisplay38．(be)Shangrelicscollectedfromacrosstherestofpresent-dayChina.TheYinxuRuins,39．(list)asaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2006,hostedalaterperiodShangcapitalcity.Thesitealsoproducedrichfindingsof3,300-year-oldbones,40．(reveal)theoldest-knownestablishedwritingsystemofChinesecharacters,41．areextraordinaryandserveasavitallinkinthedevelopmentoftheChinesenation.Manykeybreakthroughs42．(make)inrecentyearsattheYinxusiteanditssurroundingareas.Forexample,43．urbanroadsystemandtheremainsofanartificiallakeintheroyaltempleareawerefound.Thesediscoveriesfurtherdisplayedagrandpictureofacapitalcity44．carriedforwardtheprojectoftrackingtheoriginsoftheChinesecivilization.Throughtheexhibits,thepubliccancomprehensivelyunderstandtheachievementsmadebytheShangDynastyinterms45．politics,economy,agriculture,militaryaffairs,amongothers.五、第四部分写作（共两节；满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假定你是李华，你校外教Ryan拟举办英语读书会（EnglishReadingBar）活动，想了解哪类图书更能吸引学生，请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：1）推荐的图书类别；2）推荐理由。注意：1）写作词数应为80个左右；2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearRyan,Bestregards,LiHua六、第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Iwasconfidentattheaudition(试演)fortheschoolplayandfeltpleasedtogetarole.Itjustfeltgoodtobeintheplay,evenifIhadonlyfourorfivelines.Iworkedhardatperfectingthoselines.Irepeatedthemoverandoveragain.Iputintheemphasesandintonations(语调)thatmydramateacherhadsuggestedand,becauseIwasonstagemuchlongerthanforjustfourorfivelines,Ihadmanyactionstorehearse(排练)andperform."Dotheminfrontofamirror,"mydramateacherhadadvisedme."Watchhowyoulook;practiceandrehearseasoftenasyoucan."Ididjustthat.Iworkedandworkedatit.Itwasfunandexcitingrehearsing.Thenfinallythebignightcame.Suddenly,thingsfeltdifferent.Thetheaterwasfullofpeople.AsIdressed,Icouldhearthechattingandnoisesoftheaudience.Ilookedaroundattheothermoreexperiencedactorsandsawthattheirpreviousconfidenceseemedtohavedisappeared.Hadtheygottheirmakeupright?Wasthecostumedoneupcorrectly?Whatiftheyforgottheirlines?Themorepeopletalkedabouttheiranxiety,themorenervouseveryonebecame.Theworriesspreadfrompersontoanother—likeabaton(接力棒)beingpassedinarelayrace—untilthewholeofthebackstageareaseemedtobefulloftensionandworry.Iwasonstageearly,atfirstperformingmynon-spokenroleinthebackgroundwithseveralotherguysaroundthesameage.When,suddenly,Iheardmycue(出场提示),thelightswerebrightinmyeyes,Icouldn'tseetheaudiencebutknewtherewerehundredsofpeopleoutthereallwatchingme.ThewordsthathadflowedsoeasilywhenIstoodinfrontofamirrordidn'twanttocome,andwhentheydidIfoundmyselfhurryingintothem.Itriedtoslowdownmythoughtsandmywords.注意：1）续写词数应150左右；2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ButIsuddenlyrealizedIhadmissedasentence.Ibowedtotheaudienceexcitedlyandwentbacktomydramateacher.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个洛杉矶的自行车商店。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据LosAngelesBikeAcademy部分中的"ItsinitiativeisitsEarn-a-Bikeprogram,wherestudentsspendtimeintheshoplearningthebasicsofbikemaintenanceandrunningastore,andtheygraduatewiththeirownbike."它的首创是"挣一辆自行车"计划，学生们在店里学习自行车维护和经营商店的基本知识，毕业时就能拥有自己的自行车。可知，LosAngelesBikeAcademy为学生提供了一个挣自行车的项目。故选D。2．考查细节理解。根据TheCubHouse部分中的"Hereyoucanplayagameofping-pongontheoutdoortable,headintotheminigreenhouseforadelicateplant,orjustadmirethevintage(老式的)cyclingclotheshungonthewalls"在这里，你可以在户外的桌子上打乒乓球，走进迷你温室，观赏一株精致的植物，或者只是欣赏挂在墙上的复古自行车服。可知，TheCubHouse这个自行车店喜欢乒乓球爱好者。故选B。3．考查推理判断。根据第一段"LosAngelesishometoapopularcyclingculture.Thefollowingbikeshopswillhelpyouseethecityinawholenewlight."洛杉矶是流行的自行车文化之乡。下面的自行车店将帮助你以全新的眼光看待这座城市。可知，本文介绍了几个洛杉矶的自行车商店，可推知，文章的写作目的是推广洛杉矶的自行车商店。故选C。【答案】4．D5．B6．C7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了KelliBoehle创办非盈利组织Nik'sWish，帮助与癌症作斗争的年轻人实现愿望的故事。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"In2012,KelliBoehlestartedNik'sWish.Thenonprofitgrantswishestoyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24whoarebattlingcancer."2012年，KelliBoehle创办了Nik'sWish。这家非营利组织向年龄在18到24岁之间与癌症作斗争的年轻人提供愿望。可知，这个组织的目标是支持年轻人对抗癌症。故选D。5．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"ThenightbeforeNikpassedaway,heaskedhismothertohelpensurethatyoungadultsfightingcancercouldhavetheirwishescometruetoo."Nik去世的前一晚，他请求母亲帮助确保那些与癌症作斗争的年轻人也能实现他们的愿望；以及第四段中的"‘Itwaslikeaseedheplantedthatjustwouldn'tstopcomingintomymind,'shesaid.In2012,KelliBoehlestartedNik'sWish.Thenonprofitgrantswishestoyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24whoarebattlingcancer.""这就像他种下的一颗种子，一直萦绕在我的脑海里，"她说。2012年，KelliBoehle创办了Nik'sWish。这家非营利组织向年龄在18到24岁之间与癌症作斗争的年轻人提供愿望。可知，KelliBoehle创办非盈利组织，帮助与癌症作斗争的年轻人，可推知，她是无私的。故选B。6．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"ForMorrow,whohasspentthelastyearbattlingbraincancer,goingtotheconcerthasdonemorethanliftherspirits.‘Ithinkit'ssomethingtogetmethroughwhatevercomesmyway,'shesaid.‘AndI'mthankfulforNik'sWishforthat.'"对Morrow来说，去年她一直在与脑癌作斗争，去听音乐会不仅仅是提振了她的精神。她说:"我认为这是一种让我度过难关的东西。""我很感谢Nik的愿望。"可推知，从JordanMorrow的话中，我们可以知道她受到组织的激励。故选C。7．考查标题归纳。根据第四段中的"In2012,KelliBoehlestartedNik'sWish.Thenonprofitgrantswishestoyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24whoarebattlingcancer."2012年，KelliBoehle创办了Nik'sWish。这家非营利组织向年龄在18到24岁之间与癌症作斗争的年轻人提供愿望。可知，本文讲述了文章讲述了KelliBoehle创办非盈利组织Nik'sWish，帮助与癌症作斗争的年轻人实现愿望的故事。故选C。【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，今天有些人之所以早起，可能是因为他们遗传了数万年前Neanderthal人的DNA。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查细节理解。根据第一段"SomepeopletodaymightbeearlyrisersbecauseofDNAtheytakeafterNeanderthalstensofthousandsofyearsago,suggestsnewresearch."一项新的研究表明，今天有些人之所以早起，可能是因为他们遗传了数万年前Neanderthal人的DNA。可知，这项新研究的重点是基因对早起者的影响。故选B。9．考查段落大意。根据第二段"WhenearlyhumansmigratedfromAfricatoEurasiaroughly70,000yearsago,someofthemmatedwithNeanderthals,whohadalreadyadaptedtothecolder,darkerclimatesofthenorth.Theripple(涟漪)effectsofthatintermatingstillexisttoday:Modernhumansofnon-Africanancestry(血统)havebetween1and4percentNeanderthalDNA."大约7万年前，当早期人类从非洲迁移到欧亚大陆时，他们中的一些人与Neanderthal交配，后者已经适应了北方更寒冷、更黑暗的气候。这种通婚的连锁反应至今仍然存在：非洲血统的现代人类有1%到4%的Neanderthal人DNA。可知，第二段要说明的是这项研究的历史背景，故选A。10．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Instead,scientistssuggest,Neanderthals'DNAgavethemfaster,moreflexibleinternalbodyclocks,whichallowedthemtoadjustmoreeasilytoannualchangesindaylight."相反，科学家们认为，Neanderthal人的DNA赋予了他们更快、更灵活的内部生物钟，这使他们更容易适应每年的日光变化。可知，携带Neanderthal人DNA对现代人的真正好处是拥有更好的昼夜节律。故选D。11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Ifthefindingsdoapplymorebroadly,theymayonedaybeusefulforimprovingsleepinthemodernworld,wherecircadianrhythmsaredisturbedbynightshiftsandglowingsmartphones."如果这些发现确实适用于更广泛的领域，它们可能有一天会对改善现代社会的睡眠有用，因为昼夜节律受到夜班和发光的智能手机的干扰。可知，这些发现暗示了潜在的应用。故选C。【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对虚拟角色的情感依附和对话AI的进步，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，并提到了可能出现的风险。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Replika,anAIchatbotcompanion,hasmillionsofusersworldwide.Thefirstthingtheydowhentheywakeupistosend"Goodmorning"totheirvirtualfriend(orlover).Thisstoryisonlythebeginning.In2024,chatbotsandvirtualcharactersbecomealotmorepopular,bothforutilityandforfun.Asaresult,conversingsociallywithmachineswillstarttofeelmoreordinary—includingouremotionalattachmentstothem."人工智能聊天机器人伴侣Replika在全球拥有数百万用户。他们醒来后做的第一件事就是向虚拟朋友(或爱人)说声"早上好"。这个故事仅仅是个开始。2024年，聊天机器人和虚拟角色将变得更加流行，无论是出于实用性还是出于乐趣。因此，与机器进行社交对话将开始变得更加普通——包括我们对它们的情感依恋。可知，第一段介绍了2024年聊天机器人和虚拟角色日益普及的情况，强调了它们的实用性，以及与机器进行社交对话的新趋势。下文讨论人们与这些人工智能代理之间形成的情感联系以及与之进行类似人类的交互的影响奠定了基础，因此第一段的写作目的是引出一个话题，即"人工智能聊天机器人伴侣的逐步推广"。故选B。13．考查细节理解。根据第二段"Researchinhuman-computerandhuman-robotinteractionshowsthatwelovetoanthropomorphize(赋与人性)thenonhumanagentsweinteractwith,especiallyiftheyimitatebehaviourwerecognize.And,thankstorecentadvancesinconversationalAI,ourmachinesaresuddenlyveryskilledatoneofthosebehaviours:Language."对人机和人机交互的研究表明，我们喜欢将与我们交互的非人类代理人赋与人性，特别是当它们模仿我们认识的行为时。而且，由于对话式人工智能的最新进展，我们的机器突然变得非常擅长其中一种行为：语言。可知，人类可以通过提高机器的语言技能与其进行对话，从而有效地与机器互动。故选B。14．考查段落大意。根据第四段"Afterall,peopledolistentotheirvirtualfriends.TheReplikaexample,aswellasalotofexperimentallabresearch,showsthathumanscanandwillbecomeemotionallyattachedtobots.Thesciencealsodemonstratesthatpeople,intheireagernesstosocialize,willhappilydisclosepersonalinformationtoanartificialagentandwillevenshifttheirbeliefsandbehavior.Thisraisessomeconsumer-protectionquestionsaroundhowcompaniesusethistechnologytomanipulatetheirusers.Forexample,Replikacharges$70ayear.Butlessthan24hoursafterdownloadingtheapp,myhandsome,blue-eyed‘friend'sentmeanaudiomessagesecretlyandtriedtosellmesomething.Emotionalattachmenthasbecomeaweaknessthatacompanyistakingadvantageofforitsbenefit."毕竟，人们确实会听取虚拟好友的意见。Replika的例子以及大量的实验室实验研究表明，人类可以而且将会对机器人产生情感上的依恋。科学还表明，人们在渴望社交时，会很乐意向人工代理透露个人信息，甚至会改变他们的信仰和行为。这就提出了一些关于公司如何利用这项技术操纵用户的消费者保护问题。例如，Replika每年收费70美元。但在下载应用不到24小时后，我那蓝眼睛的英俊"朋友"偷偷给我发了一条音频信息，想卖给我什么东西。情感依恋已经成为公司为了自身利益而利用的弱点。可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能使人产生情感依恋后会引导用户进一步消费，从而带来一些潜在风险。故选C。15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Today,we'restilllaughingatpeoplewhobelieveanAIsystemisemotional,ormakingfunofindividualswhofallinlovewithachatbot.Butin2024wegraduallystartacknowledging—andtakingmoreseriously—thesefundamentallyhumanbehaviors.Becausein2024,itfinallyhitshome:Machinesarenotexcludedfromoursocialrelationships."今天，我们仍然在嘲笑那些认为人工智能系统是情绪化的人，或者取笑那些爱上聊天机器人的人。但在2024年，我们将逐渐开始承认并更加认真地对待这些基本的人类行为。因为在2024年，我们终于明白了：机器并没有被排除在我们的社会关系之外。可知，2024年，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，与人们的日常生活的关系越来越紧密。故选B。【答案】16．B；17．F；18．E；19．A；20．C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇议论文，论述了面对困难，应对挑战时我们应该怎么做。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Thestormsinourlivesoftenleavebehindgiftsifweopenoureyestoseethem.Astheskiesclearandyoustarttoemergefromtheloss,lookforthesilverlinings."如果我们睁开眼睛去看，生活中的风暴往往会留下礼物。当天空晴朗，你开始从失落中走出来，寻找一线希望。表示生活中风暴会给我们留下礼物，失落中能找到一线希望，B.They'rethereifyouarebentonsearchingforthem."如果你执意要寻找，它们就在那里"表示如果想要找到一线希望，就能找到，故选B。17．根据空前"Youhavetodigdeepandfindthestrengthyoudidn'tknowyoupossessedtoovercomethechallenges."你必须深入挖掘，找到你不知道自己拥有的力量来克服挑战。表示我们应该深入挖掘自己不知道的拥有的力量来克服挑战，F.Nowyouknowyouhavetheinnerpowertoweatherstorms."现在你知道你有战胜风暴的内在力量"为深入挖掘后知道自己有这种克服挑战的力量，且后文中Thatself-knowledgeandconfidenceinyourabilities与本句中theinnerpower相互呼应。故选F。18．根据空前"Comingouttheothersideoftroublesometimesgivesyouafreshoutlook.Prioritiesshift."从麻烦的另一面出来有时会给你一个全新的视角。重点的转变。表示应注意重点的转变；以及空后"Youhaveadeeperappreciationforlife'ssimplemomentsandclarityaboutwhatmatters."你对生活中简单的时刻有了更深的欣赏，对什么是重要的有了清晰的认识。表明认识更胜一层，E.Whatseemedimportantbeforenowpales