兰州市2022高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练(3)及答案

阅读理解。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music”comesfromtheGreekword“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethespokenlanguage,butitusessounds.Today’sprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.Whoinventedmusic?Whosangthefirstsong?Nooneknowsexactlytheanswerstothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone’slife.Babiesandyoungchildrenlovetohearpeoplesingingtothem.Whentheyarealittleolder,theyliketosingthesongstheyhaveheard.Whenchildrengotoschool,theirworldofmusicgrows.Inthemiddlegradesstudentstakemusiclessons.Whentheyreachhighschool,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinlisteningtopopmusic.TherecordswehavechosenforyoutodayarefromAmericancountrymusic,Indianmusic,popmusicandsoon.Musichasdifferentmeaningsforeveryone.Itcanmakepeoplehappyoritcanmakethemsad.Musicisnowheardeverywhere,inshopsandbusesandathome.Inthisprogramweshallstudythelanguageofmusic.Weshallbetryingtofindoutmoreabouthowmusicworks.Weshalltrytofindouthowmusicsayswhatpeoplefeel.Itisworthmakingtheeffort.Onlythencanwesaywhyonepieceofmusicisgoodandanotherisbad.Now,herecomesthemusictoday,Ishallexplainwhytheyareallgoodmusic...1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Someknowledgeaboutmusic.B．Theoriginofmusic.C．Somethingabouttheannouncer.D．Somequestionsaboutmusic.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthepurposeofthismusicprogram?A．Tostudythelanguageofmusic.B．Tolearnmoreaboutmusic.C．Tofindouthowmusicexpressespeople’sfeelings.D．Totellusweshouldlistentomusiceveryday.3.Whyshouldwestudymusicalotaccordingtothetext?A．Totellwhetherapieceofmusicisgoodornot.B．Tolearnaboutthedevelopmentofmusic.C．Tohaveatalentformusic.D．Toknowmoreaboutthesociety.4.Whatdoestheannouncerthinkaboutthefunctionofmusicinourlife?A．Itisimportanttoalmosteveryone.B．Itisnecessaryfortheyoung.C．Itplaysagreatrolewhenwearechildren.D．Itdecidesourfuture.[解题导语]本文主要争辩了一个主要涉及世界各地的音乐的节目，然后对音乐进行了阐述。1．解析：选A。主旨大意题。第一段主要争辩了这个节目主要涉及世界各地的音乐，然后对音乐进行了阐述。故选A。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。A、B、C三项在其次段中都提到了，文章未提及D项。故选D。3．解析：选A。细节理解题。依据其次段的最终一句Onlythencanwesaywhyonepieceofmusicisgoodandanotherisbad.可知。4．解析：选A。细节理解题。依据第一段的Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone’slife.以及下文的内容可知。阅读理解。Inbusiness,thereisaspeeddifference:It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirmsleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive(竞争的)strategy（策略）andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchoosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack,What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup“improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,higher-performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn.Bycontrast(相比而言),performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,stucktotestedmethods,didn’tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge”inParagraph2mean?A.Increasethespeed.B.Getanadvantage.C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal.()2.Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means___________.A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse.B.spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC.spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD.spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter()3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.B.howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.C.Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.D.Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.()4.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Improvequality?Servebetter.B.Delivervalue?Ploughahead.C.Reducetime?Movefaster.D.Needspeed?Slowdown.【参考答案】1---4、BDCD阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文话题：语言学习时间：7分钟Aperson'snoseisimportantforbreathingandsmelling.Thenoseisalsousedinmanypopularexpressions.Somepeoplecanleadotherpeoplebythenose.Forexample，ifawifeleadsherhusbandbythenose，shemakeshimdowhatevershewantshimtodo.Somepeoplearesaidtobehard­nosed.Theywillnotchangetheiropinionsorpositionsonanything.Ifsomeoneishard­nosed，chancesarehewillneverpaythroughthenose，orpaytoomuchmoney，foranobjectorservice.Itisalwayshelpfulwhenpeoplekeeptheirnoseoutofotherpeople'sbusiness.Theydonotinterfere.Theoppositeofthisissomeonewhonosesaroundallthetime.Thiskindofpersonisinterestedinotherpeople'sprivatematters.Heisconsiderednosey.Moreproblemscandevelopifapersonlooksdownhisnoseatsomeoneorsomething.Thepersonactslikesomethingisunimportantorworthless.Thispersonmightalsoturnuphisnoseatsomethingthatheconsidersnotgoodenough.Thispersonthinksheisbetterthaneveryoneelse.Hehashisnoseintheair.Inschool，somestudentsthumbtheirnoseattheirteacher.Theyrefusetoobeyordersordoanywork.Maybethesestudentsdonotknowthecorrectanswers.Mymotheralwaystoldme，ifyoustudyhard，theanswersshouldberightunderyournoseoreasilyseen.Ithinkwehaveexplainedthenoseexpressions.Whataboutears?Well，Ihopeyouareallearsorveryinterestedinhearingmoreexpressions.Wemightevenputabuginyourearorgiveyouanideaaboutsomething.Wealsoadviseyoutokeepyoureartotheground.Thismeanstobeinterestedinwhatishappeningaroundyouandwhatpeoplearethinking.Ifyouareagoodperson，youwilllendaneartoyourfriends.Youwilllistentothemwhentheyhaveaproblemtheyneedtotalkabout.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了与nose和ear有关的一些习语。1．Ifwesayamanpaidthroughthenose，wemean______.A．hejudgedthequalityofthingsbysmellingB．heboughtsomethinghedislikedC．heboughtsomethingveryexpensiveD．heoverpaidforsomethinghebought解析细节理解题。依据第三段最终一句话可知，“paythroughthenose”与“paytoomuchmoney”同义，意思是“多花钱，付高价”。故选择D项。答案D2．Ifapersonisinterestedinotherpeople'sprivatematters，hemay______.A．nosearoundallthetimeB．keephisnoseoutofotherpeople'sthingsC．turnuphisnoseatothersD．keephiseartotheground解析细节理解题。由第四段中的第三、四句话可知，nosearound“探查，打探”，此处表示对别人的私事格外感爱好，符合题意，故选A。答案A3．Whenyourfriendwantstosharesomethingwithyou，youshould______.A．putabuginhisearB．lookdownyournoseathimC．lendaneartohimD．leadhimbythenose解析细节理解题。依据最终一段可知，当你的伴侣需要谈一些问题时，你应当倾听他的诉说。故lendaneartosb“倾听，倾听”，符合题意。答案C4．Inwhichsentenceistheexpressionnotusedproperly?A．Wehavearealhard­nosedboss，whoalwaysstandsfirminhisopinions.B．Sometimestrueloveisrightunderyournose.C．Wewereallears，butheforgotwhathewantedtosay.D．Itisimportantforustothumbournoseatourparents.解析细节理解题。依据第六段前两句可知，同学拒绝听从老师的命令或做一些事时，会对他们的老师“thumbtheirnose”，故thumbone'snoseatsb/sth表示“嗤之以鼻，蔑视”，所以D项错误。答案D【长难句解读】原文Thispersonmightalsoturnuphisnoseatsomethingthatheconsidersnotgoodenough.译文这种人也可能会看不起他认为不够好的东西。分析thatheconsidersnotgoodenough为定语从句，修饰something。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。Thequestionofwhatchildrenlearn,andhowtheyshouldlearn,iscontinuallybeingdebatedandredebated.Nobodydaresanylongertodefendtheoldsystem,thelearningoflessonsparrot-fashion,thegrammar-with-a-whipsystem,whichwasgoodenoughforourgrandparents.Thetheoriesofmodempsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedofchildren.Childrenarenotjustsmalladults;theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedasmuch.Well,youmaysay,thisisasitshouldbe,agoodidea.Butthinkfurther.Whathappens?"Education"becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers,butofpsychologists(心里学家).Whathappensthen?Teachersworrytoomuchaboutthepsychologicalimplications(示意)oftheirlessons,andforgetaboutthesubjectsthemselves.Ifachilddislikesalesson,theteacherfeelsthatitishisfault,notthechild’s.Soteachersworrywhetherhistoryis"relevant"tomodernyoungchildren.Anddotheydaretorecountstoriesaboutviolence?Orwillthismakethechildrenthemselvesviolent?Cantheytelltheirclassesaboutchildrenofdifferentraces,orwillthisencourageracialhatred?Whyteachchildrentowritegrammaticalsentences?Verbalexpressionisbetter.Sums?Arithmetic?No:Real-lifemathematicalsituationsaremoreunderstandable.Yousee,youcangotoofar.Influencedbyeducationaltheorists,whohavenothingbettertodothantowritebooksabouttheirideas,teachersleavetheirteacher-trainingcollegesfilledwithgrand,psychologicalideasaboutchildrenandtheirneeds.Theymakeelaborate,sophisticated(精致的，简单的)preparationsandtryouttheir"modemmethods"onthelong-sufferingchildren.Sinceone"modemmethod"rapidlyreplacesanotherthepoorkidswillhavehadagoodbellyfulbythetimetheyleaveschool.Frequentlythemodemmethodsaresosophisticatedthattheyfailtobeunderstoodbytheteachers,letalonethechildren;evenmoreoften,therelaxeddisciplinesoessentialforthe"informal"feelingstheclassmusthave,preventsallbutahandfulofchildrenfromlearninganything.1.Peopledonotdaredefendtheoldsystemmainlybecauseundertheoldsystem________.A.toomuchgrammarwastaughttochildrenB.childrenwerespoiled(宠坏)C.childrenweretreatedasgrown-upsD.childrenweremadetolearnpassively(被动的)2.Whatviewdothemodempsychologistshold?A.Childrenmustbeunderstoodandrespected.B.Childrenaresmalladultsandknowwhattheyneed.C.Childrenarebetteroffwithoutlearninglessons.D.Educationofchildrenistheresponsibilityofpsychologists.3.Whathappenswhenteacherspaytoomuchattentiontothepsychologyoftheirlessons?A.Theyfindthatthechildrendislikethelessons.B.Theytendtoblamestudentsfortheirfailure.C.Theydonotpayenoughattentiontotheactuallessons.D.Theynolongerwanttoteachchildrenhistory.4.Grammaticalsentencesareregardedasunimportantbecause________.A.itisbettertouseverbsonlyB.wordsaresaidoutofnaturalfeelingsonlyC.talkingfreelyandnaturallywithoutsentencesisabetterformofexpressionD.itisfeltthatformalgrammarrulesmightcauseunnaturalexpressions5.Accordingtothepassage,themodernmethodsareunderstoodby________.A.neitherteachersnorpupilsB.onlyahandfulofteachersandpupilsC.themoresophisticatedteachersD.everyonewhoenjoystherelaxeddisciplineoftheinformalclasses。【答案与解析】1.D推断题。由第一段其次句“鹦鹉学舌般地课文学习、附带鞭子的语法教学”可知，这种学习孩子格外被动。2.A细节题。由第一段最终一句可知：我们必需懂得孩子们的需要，还要敬重孩子们。3.C细节题。由其次段中“老师过多担忧功课的心理示意，忽视了功课本身”可知。4.B推断题。由其次段中Whyteachchildrentowritegrammaticalsentences?Verbalexpressionisbetter可推断出。5.A细节题。由最终一段中Frequentlythemodemmethods…failtobeunderstoodbytheteachers，letalonethechildren可知。1.短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加，删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下面划一横线（_），并在该词下面写上修改后的词。留意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearAlice,Iwasdelightedtoreceiveyourletter.ThankyouontheEnglishdictionaryyouboughtitforme.Ireceiveditthismorning.Thereisnodoubtwhichitisofgreathelptome.I’mdeepgratefulforyouradvicethatIshouldpaymoreattentionstopractisingmyspokenEnglish.I’vemadeupmymindtospeakEnglishbothinandoutofclass.NextmonthI’lltaketriptoAustralia,whichisorganizingbymyschool.IhopeIcanpractisemyspokenEnglishthereasmanyaspossible.Bytheway,Iamsendingyouasetofstampswiththisletter,butI’llsendyoumoreifIgotany.Idohopeyouwillhaveagoodholiday.YoursLiHua【参考答案】1.【小题1】on改成for【小题2】去掉it【小题3】which改成that【小题4】deep改成deeply【小题5】attentions改成attention【小题6】take后面加a【小题7】organizing改成organized【小题8】many改成much【小题9】but改成and【小题10】got改成get试题分析：这是李华写给爱丽丝的感谢信，感谢她送给她的英语字典和学习英语的建议，并打算努力提高英语。【小题1】感谢你给我买的英语字典。Thankyoufor…，由于…而感谢某人：on改成for2.短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一篇作文。文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不记分。Avisitorvisitsanislandwheretwotribeslive.Onetribealwaystellsthetruthandanotheralwayslies.Thetruthtellersliveonthewesternsideoftheisland,andthosewhichlieliveontheeasternside.Thevisitorwantsdeterminewhetherthenativebesideheisatruthtellerornotbyaskonlyonequestion.Heasksthenative,“Gooraskthenativeinthedistancewhichsideoftheislandhelivesto.”Whenthemessengerreturned,hesays,“Hesaidhelivesonthewesternsideoftheisland.”Isthemessengeratruthtellerornotone?Howcanthevisitorbesurely?【参考答案】2.An-the;which-who;wants+to;he-him;ask-asking;or-and;to-on;returned-returns;one;surely-sure3.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划