宾语从句-宾语从句语法讲解

PAGEPAGE4宾语从句一.宾语从句的定义：在复合句中，用来做动词宾语的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句的结构：主句+引导词+从句宾语从句的三要素：当从句是陈述句时，引导词用that;当从句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether（是否）;一般情况，if/whether可以换用，但以下3种情况只能用whether:引导词a.与不定式连用；引导词b.做介词宾语；c与ornot连用当从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词用原有的特殊疑问词； 语序宾语从句的语序一定是陈述语序当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可以用需要的任何时态；时态：当主句是一般过去时态时，从句必须是对应的过去时态的一种时态：当主句是一般过去时态时，但从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，都用一般现在时态。当主句是Could/Wouldyoutellme时，看作一般现在时态，从句用需要的任何时态。宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语的关系宾语从句实际就是由直接引语变化而来的间接引语。所以，掌握好宾语从句必须熟悉直接引语变间接引语的规则。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；直接引语通常用引号“”括起来。用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下就构成一个宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语的规则变化：引导词及语序（同上）a.Myteachersaid:“He’llgotoBeijingtomorrow”.Myteachersaid_____________________________________________________________b.Theboyaskedhismother，“CanIgoouttoplayfootballaftersupper?”Theboyaskedhismother_____________________________________________________c.LilyaskedLucy，“Whenwillyoucomeback?”LilyaskedLucy______________________________________________________________人称的变化（一随主；二随宾，第三人称不变化）Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”______________________________________________HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”_____________________________________Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”_____________________________________时态的变化（同上）直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时/过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时练习：1）Sheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”2）Sheaskedus，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”3）Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”4）Theradiosaysit____________cloudytomorrow.(be)5）Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)6）Tomsaysthatthey________________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.7）Ihearthey_____________(return)italready.8)Hesaidthatthey_____________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)9)MissWangtoldmethattheearth__________(move)roundtheearth.10)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun___________intheeast.(rise)4．直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，当祈使句是否定句时，不定式前加not。并把主句的谓语动词改为tell,ask,order等形式。例如：1.“Bequiet,please.”Mr.Wangsaidtous.___________________________________________________________________________2.Theteachersaidtous,“Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworktoschool.”(改为间接引语)Theteacheraskedus________________________________________________________.宾语从句练习I.下列句子合并为一句1.Iwillcomeback.Tomsaid.2.Ishedoinghishomework?Jimasked.3.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.4Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.5Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?6.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?II.选择最佳答案()1.Hetoldme_______shewouldcatchtheearlybus.

A.which

B.whether

C.why

D.that()2.Mrs.Greenaskedme_______Iwouldgowithher.

A.what

B.which

C.why

D.that

()3.Idon'tknow_______thecoat_______cheapenough.

A.if,is

B.where,were

C.that,was

D.if,were()4.Callyoutellmewhy_______yesterday?

A.youdidn'tcome

B.didyounotcomeC.didn'tyoucome

D.youdon'tcome()5.Hesaidthatthey_______Yunnan.

A.havebeento

B.hadgoneto

C.havegoneto

D.hasgoneto

()6.Jackisn'tsure_______studentsthereareinhisclass.

A.howmany

B.what

C.which

D.whether()7.Canyoutellme_______yesterday?

A.whattheydo

B.whattheydidC.whatdotheydo

D.whatdidtheydo()8.Iwanttoknow_______hishomeworkyesterdayevening.

A.ifhefinished

B.whetherhehadfinishedC.hadshefinished

D.hasshefinished()9.Doyouknowwhat_______thistimeyesterday?

A.theyaredoing

B.aretheydoingC.theyweredoing

D.weretheydoing()10.Excuseme,canyoutellme_______？A.whywasthetrainlate

B.whythetrainwaslateC.whyisthetrainlate

D.whythetrainislate

()11.Hesaidthatlight_______muchfasterthansound.

A.traveled

B.willtravel

C.travels

D.istraveling

()12.Doyouknowwhere_______?Someoneislookingforhim.

A.heis

B.hewas

C.ishe

D.washe

()13.--Would

you

please

tell

me

__________?

--At

10:00

this

evening.

A.

when

will

the

train

leave

B.

when

the

train

will

leave

C.

when

does

the

train

leave()14.Mybrothersaidhe_______going_______hisfriendthenextday.

A.was,tomeet

B.wouldgo,hasC.willgo,wasgoingto

D.willgo,will

()15.Hetoldmethathe_______toLondonthenextday.A.wouldgo

B.go

C.went

D.hasgone

()16.Hesaidthatlight_______muchfasterthansound.

A.traveled

B.willtravel

C.travels

D.istraveling()17.Ourteachersaidthatthemoon_______aroundtheearth.

A.turn