第03讲-定语从句(外研版2019选择必修1)(解析版)

第03讲定语从句复习定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。掌握定语从句在阅读写作的运用。定语是什么？基本概念：(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：A.引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；B.必在从句中作某个句子成份C,指代先行词关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that人或物主语、宾语、表语which物或主句内容主语、宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语定语从句三步曲：第一找出先行词；第二找出定语从句第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句考点一：关系代词+不完整从句考向1：关系代词基本用法指人时可以用who，也可用that。Themanwho/thatlivesnexttousisapoliceman.Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisinred?指物时可以用which，也可用that。Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.Whatdoyouthinkofthemoviethat/whichwasshownlastnight?活学活用：Ilovesingers.Singerswritetheirownsongs.改写：who在从句中用作主语。Heistheman.Imetthemanyesterday.改写：考向2：关系代词的特殊用法1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who.Weshouldhelpanyonewhoisinneed.非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who.I’mLiHua,whoisstudyinginLondonduringthesummervacation.2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。介词+whichTherearetwochairsintheroom,bothofwhicharebroken.非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用whichTheywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情况。（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。1)Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2)Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.3)ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。Thegirlhandedeverythingthatshehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandbooksthatfilledhisbus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitwas5yearsago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?例1．1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.5.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.考点二：关系副词+完整从句关系副词有when,where,why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语。关系副词的作用关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语例2．Thereason__________hediditisnotclear.Thereason__________hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.Iwillneverforgettheday_________Imet.Iwillneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.考点三：非限制性从句判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。Ilostallthemoneyyoulentmeyesterday.Ilostallthemoney,withoutwhichIhadtowalkhome.例3．1.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

2.ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

3.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.

【答案与解析】1.which分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。2.who先行词是Sarah,从句中缺少主语,所以应该用who。3.when由句子结构可以判断空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示时间的mid-1980s,从句中缺少状语,因此填关系副词when。考点四：介词+关系代词which/whomThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,allofwhomareverykindtohim.例4．【针对练习】1.

Doyoulikethebook___________shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook___________shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook___________shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook______________sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope______________hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_____________standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_____________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.11.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.12.Istillremembertheday________IfirstgottoParis.答案：1.onwhich2.forwhich3.fromwhich4.aboutwhich5.throughwhichonwhich7.ofwhich8.onwhich9.towhom10.ofwhichwithwhich12.onwhich1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____65____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.【答案】that考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在GiantPandaRange的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。2.(2022年全国甲卷)Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___62___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.【答案】who考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为CaoShengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。3.(2021新高考Ⅰ,39)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumopenedin1759.

【答案】which/that4.(2021课标全国Ⅰ,63)Becausethemoonsbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

【答案】where5.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,61)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.

【答案】whose6.(2020江苏,21)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromstudentscanchooseforfree.

【答案】which7.(2020天津,6)Dr.Rowan,secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

【答案】whose8.(2021·北京市·期末考试)Itwasallhappeningtooquickly,

​​​​​​​mademanypeoplefeelnervous.9.(2021·北京市·期末考试)Theuniversity,

manytopstudentsstudy,iscuttingitsenrollmentinhalfnextterm.10.(2023·安徽省·单元测试)Someoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.11.(2022·全国·月考试卷)Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.12.(2020·全国·模拟题)Mygrandmawasbornatatime______mobilephoneswerenoteveninpeople'simaginations.13.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild14.Accordingtohistorians,therehasn'tbeenacountrywithsuchalargepopulationinhumanhistory______hasmadesuchprofoundchangesandimprovementswithinsuchashortspanoftime.15.(2022·江苏省南京市·期末考试)Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod．8.【答案】which【知识点】关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句【解析】句意：一切发生得太快，这使许多人感到紧张。分析结构，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which.故填：which.9.【答案】where【知识点】关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句【解析】句意：这所大学有许多尖子生在那里学习，下学期将减半招生。分析结构，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词university在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示在这个大学里，用关系副词where.故填：where.10.【答案】which【知识点】关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句【解析】句意：一些道路被淹，这使我们的旅程变得更加困难。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为前面整个句子，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。11.【答案】when【知识点】关系副词when引导限制性定语从句【解析】句意：我有时间和我的孩子们一起度过一天的时候很少见。根据句意和结构可知，这里是定语从句，先行词是occasions，定语从句中不缺成分，缺少时间状语，用when引导定语从句。故填when。12.【答案】when【知识点】关系副词when引导限制性定语从句【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入一个关系副词来引导定语从句；本句中先行词time表时间，在定语从句充当时间状语，要用关系副词when引导，故填when。13.【答案】where【知识点】关系副词where引导限制性定语从句【解析】句意：在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到了他小时候长大的那个小镇。本句是关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词是thesmalltown，作地点状语，相当于inthesmalltown。故填where。14.【答案】which/that【知识点】关系代词that引导限制性定语从句、关系代词which引导限制性定语从句【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词country，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。15.【答案】as【知识点】关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句【解析】句意：正如人们所发现的那样，许多语言学习是在生命的第一年进行的，所以在那个时期父母应该多跟孩子说话。根据句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词为一个句子（Alotoflanguagelearningishappening…），先行词在定语从句中作主语，当定语从句为被动语态时，常用as作主语来引导定语从句；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。故填as。语法填空InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysinarushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.____1____theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeat____2____costforthem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm（算法）.Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life____3____（situation）,suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,____4____（put）notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedandaskedtheplatformstoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.____5____response,Elemeannounceditwouldaddabuttontotheapp,____6____allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore____7____（heat）debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiCustomerCouncilcommentedthatthemovewasnotreasonable,addingthattheproblemsshould____8____（settle）betweenthecompaniesandtheiremployees.Also,evenwiththeability____9____（allow）moretimefordelivery,someusersfeltthiswouldnot_____10_____（full）addresstheproblems.Although/Though/While2.a3.situations4.putting5.In6.which7.heated8.besettled9.toallow10.fully【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述快递员由于受平台时间限制经常违反交通规则，威胁自己和他人的生命，许多人批评并要求快递平台完善规则，Eleme宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制，引起更多热议。1.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然他们使我们的生活更方便，但他们要付出很大代价。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，设空处为引导词，故填Although/Though/While。2.考查固定短语。句意：同上。分析句子可知，短语atacost，意为“以......为代价”，根据句意，故填a。3.考查名词。句意：但它没有考虑现实生活中的情况，如红灯和限速。分析句子可知，设空处为consider的宾语，应用名词，描述的是各种现实情况，应用复数形式，故填situations。4.考查现在分词。句意：所以他们加速，经常违反交通规则，不仅把自己的生命置于危险之中，也把他人的生命置于危险之中。分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，应用put的现在分词，故填putting。5.考查固定短语。句意：作为回应，Eleme宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制。短语inresponse，意为“作为回应”，根据句意，故填In。6.考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，____6____allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit为非限制性定语从句，设空处为引导词，指代前面的句子，故填which。7.考查形容词。句意：但这引发了更激烈的争论，因为一些人认为该公司分散了人们的注意力。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词，应用heat的形容词作定语，故填heated。8.考查语态。句意：上海客户协会评论说，此举不合理，并补充说，问题应该在公司和员工之间解决。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语，接在情态动词should后，应用动词原形，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填besettled。9.考查不定式。句意：此外，即使有能力允许更多的时间投递，一些用户认为这不能完全解决问题。theabilitytodosth“有做某事的能力”，故填toallow。10.考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词address，应用full的副词形式作状语，故填fully。单句填空11.Hewrotealongletterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.

12.WearehopingforsupportfromMrWebster,withoutsupportwecan’tmakeit.

13.SomeoftheteachersatthecollegeaskedDrNaismithtoinventagamecanbeplayedindoors.

14.SierraLeoneisacountrybasichealthfacilitiesarelackingandmanypeoplearestrugglingwithpoverty.

15.Thosemotorcycles,ahugeumbrellaisfixed,areahugethreattopeoplewalkinginthestreet.

16.I’msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier,for,Imustsay,Iapologize.

17.Almosteveryteenagerwillexperienceaperiodintheirlifetheyaren’tcontentwiththeirparents.

18.Oncetherelivedarichmanwantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.

19.We’vereachedtheNullaborPlainstretchesfor1,000kmandiscompletelyflat.

20.Withoutthinkingtoomuchaboutit,IwenttotheStudentAffairsOffice,IknewIcouldfindclothesinthe“LostandFound”box.

11.where先行词是letter,从句意思完整,不缺少成分,所以此处填关系副词where,表示“在信中”。12.whose先行词是MrWebster,作support的定语,所以用whose。13.that/which先行词为game,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,且指物,故用that或which引导。14.where先行词为country,关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语,故答案为where。15.where先行词为motorcycles,关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where引导,表示“在摩托车上”。16.which从句中Imustsay为插入语,可忽略不计。分析定语从句可知,关系代词在定语从句中作介词for的宾语,故答案为which。17.when先行词为period,将先行词代入从句后为“Theyarentcontentwiththeirparentsinaperiod.”。由此可见,关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。18.who根据设空处前后的结构分析可知,空格处引导定语从句修饰man,由于先行词指人且从句缺少主语,故用who。19.which/that分析句子结构可知,设空处后面的句子是NullaborPlain的定语,所填词引导该从句并在从句中作主语,先行词表示物,故用which或that。20.where分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句修饰表示地点的theStudentAffairsOffice,从句缺少地点状语,故填where。不同语境中长难句定语从句的使用邀请信I‘mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinahikingorganizedbyme，whichsomeofourclassmateswilltakepartin.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________申请信1IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit,whichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________申请信2I'mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteerthatyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。仿写：____________________________________________________________________________________________通知1(1)ThemovieGrowingTogether,whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschool,willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2:00to4：00intheafternoononJune17th.翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________________