广东省广州第二中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

广东省广州第二中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Applyforthe2024—2025SchoolYearWearedelightedthatyouarecontemplatingMaristSchoolasthenextsignificantphaseinyourchild’seducationaljourney.Maristofferstwoprincipaljuncturesforstudentenrollment,specificallyforthoseenteringthe7thand9thgrades,withourusualintakebeing150and50students,respectively.Forthemanagementoftheentireadmissionsprocedure,MaristSchoolemploysRavenna,anapplicationstewardshipsoftware.UtilizingRavenna,parentsareabletoaccesstheMaristapplicationform,dispatchaccompanyingdocuments,monitortheprogressionoftheapplication,andperusetheadmissionsverdicts.Theapplicationfortheacademicyearspanning2024to2025willbeaccessiblebylateSeptember,withafinalsubmissiondeadlinesetforJanuary18,2024.ItisimperativetonotethatMaristmaintainsthenecessityoftheSecondarySchoolAdmissionTest(SSAT)asacomponentoftheapplicationprocess.OntheSabbathofJanuary6,2024,MaristwillactasacommunalexaminationvenuefortheSSAT.Thisdaterepresentstheterminalnationaltestingoccasionprecedingourapplicationdeadline,bywhichapreliminarysetofSSATscoresmustbetendered.ImportantDatesSeptember2023—March2024MaristSchooladmissionseventsLateSeptember2023Marist2024—2025applicationavailableinRavennaOctober2023—January2024RequiredSSATtestingDecember3,2023OpenHouseJanuary18,2024DeadlinetoapplytoMarist;preliminary(初步的)applicationandfee,parentandstudentquestionnaires,andafirstsetofSSATscoresaredueFebruary1,2024TheculminatingdateforMaristtobeinreceiptofallpendingancillarydocuments,includingacademicrecords,appraisalsfromeducatorsandadministrativeofficials,andtheecclesiasticalorparishaffirmationform,isimminentandmustbeheededmeticulously.Theseconstituentelementsareintegraltothecomprehensiveevaluationofacandidate'sapplicationandarerequisiteforthefinaldeterminationoftheiradmissionstatus.February12,2024DeadlinetosubmitseparatetuitionassistanceapplicationMarch30,2024AAAIScommonnotificationdateApril11,2024Deadlinetorespondtoofferofadmission1．What'sthetext?A．Abrochureofadmission. B．Aschoolcalender.C．Ascheduleoflectures. D．Atimetableofstudent.2．WhenisitunabletoapplyforMaristSchool?A．LateOctober,2023. B．December,2023.C．AtChristmasof2023. D．LateJanuary,2024.3．Whichistherightwaytosubmittheapplication?A．Inperson. B．Bypost.C．Online. D．Onrecommendation.Similartoyouandyourcaninecompanion,plantsaresentientbeings:theyconsumenutrients,absorbwater,andexpandinsize.Contrarytoyouandyourpet,theylacktheabilitytoflee,engageinphysicalcombat,orseekrefugewhenconfrontedwithdanger.Nevertheless,plantsarenotwithouttheirownmethodsofself-defense.Whatneedwouldaplanthavetodefenditself?Toevadeconsumption?Absolutely!Plantshavedevisedanarrayofmechanismsforself-preservation.Aplantmightopttogrowinasecludedorinaccessiblelocale.Considerthevegetationthatclingstoprecipitous,rockyescarpments.Alternatively,aplantcouldevolvetomakeonlycertainpartsofitsstructureenticingtofamishedpestsandfauna.Forexample,ifaplantgeneratesdelectablefoliage,herbivorouscreaturesmightbeinclinedtoconsumetheleavesratherthantheseeds,whichareessentialfortheplant’spropagation.Someplantsincorporatesharporslickfeaturesthatdeterinsectsandothercreaturesfromapproachingtooclosely,suchasthepricklesonarosebush.However,themostcaptivatingmethodofdefenseemployedbyplantsisthroughtheuseofchemicalcompounds.Plantsextractmineralsfromthesoilandsynthesizethemintofunctionalchemicals.Forinstance,plantsgeneratechlorophyll,asubstancethataidsinthetransformationofsunlightandwaterintothesugarsthatplantsconsumeforsustenance.Inadditiontothis,plantsalsobiosynthesizechemicalsfortheirdefense.Acertainspeciesoftobaccoplantemitsachemicalintotheatmospherewheneveritisbeingnibbledonbydiminutiveinsects.Thischemicalservesasasignaltolargerbugs,effectivelyannouncing,“Afeastawaits!”Thelargerinsectsthenarrivetoconsumethesmallerones,therebysafeguardingtheplant.Mostplants,however,utilizechemicalsinamoreforthrightmanneragainsttheiradversaries.Inessence,plantsmanufacturetoxins.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Plantinformation. B．Plantenemies.C．Plantpoisons. D．Plantprotection.5．Howmanywaysdoplantsusetoprotectthemselvesaccordingtothepassage?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Six.6．Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A．Someplantshideunderthecoverswhenfacedwiththreat.B．Aplantgrowsinahard-to-get-toplacetodrawpeople’sattention.C．Someplantsproducetastyleavestoprotecttheirseeds.D．Plantsproducechemicalstomeettheneedsofbigbugs.7．Whatmaybetalkedaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?A．Differenteffectsthatdifferentplantpoisonscauseonplanteaters.B．Differentkindsofplantsintheworld.C．Whyplantsmakepoison.D．Howtoprotectplants.Theconceptofintellectisamultifacetedandcomplexone;tograspitsessence,onemustconsidertheintricatenatureofcognitionratherthanmerelythephysicaldimensionsofthecerebralorgan.Shouldweassumethatthemagnitudeofthebrainisthesoledeterminantofintelligence,thenthespermwhale,withitscerebralmassweighingapproximately20pounds,wouldarguablybedeemedthemostintellectuallyendowedspeciesonourplanet.However,itismoreplausibletoassertthatthestructuralconnectivityandtheneuralpathwayswithinthebrainarethetrueindicatorsofintellectualprowess.Whenassessedfromthisperspective,intelligencecanbeperceivedastheattributethatequipsalivingentitywiththemostadvantageoussetofcapabilitiestothriveandpersistwithinitsecologicalsetting.Furthermore,thefacultyoflanguage,whichencompassestheabilitytocommunicatecomplexideasandemotions,mayverywellserveasanexemplarymanifestationofsuchintellectualacuity.“Languageallowinghumanstobeamoreadvancedspeciesisahypothesisthatsomebodycameupwithonedaywithoutreallytryingtoproveit,”saysErichJarvis,aprofessorwhostudiestheneuro-biologyofvocallearning.“Theideastuckaround,butsohaveothercommonbeliefsthatarenotreallysupportedwithevidence,”hepointsout.Inanendeavortodeepentheirunderstandingoftheintricaciesofvocalacquisitionandcognitiveprocesses,theresearchersdelvedintotherealmofavianvocalization,specificallyfocusingonthemelodioussongbirds.Acomprehensivesetofsevencognitiveexperimentswereconductedonasampleof214songbirds,representingadiversearrayof23distinctspecies.Amongthese,themajority,encompassing21species,werecapturedfromtheirnaturalhabitats,whiletheremainingtwospecieswereofdomesticatedorigin.Thebehavioralassessmentsaimedtoscrutinizethebirds’capacityforproblem-solving,exemplifiedbytheirabilitytodevisestrategiestoovercomeobstaclesinordertoattainafoodreward.Additionally,thestudyprobedintotwoothercognitivefacultiesfrequentlycorrelatedwithintelligence:associativelearning,whichinvolvestheacquisitionofknowledgethroughtheconnectionofstimuli,andreversallearning,aprocesswhereananimalmodifiesitsbehaviorinresponsetochangesinrewardcontingencies.Subsequently,theresearchersinvestigatedthepotentialinfluenceofvocallearningonthedevelopmentofthesethreecognitiveskills,juxtaposingthecapabilitiesofthe21birdspeciesthatareadeptatvocallearningagainstthetwospeciesthatlackthisability.Jarvis’srecentstudyhasyieldedsomeoftheinitialinsightssuggestingacorrelationbetweenvocallearning—afundamentalelementforthedevelopmentofspokenlanguage—andproblem-solvingcapabilities.Itwasobservedthatspeciesofbirdsthatarecapableofvocallearningexhibitedapropensityforcreativity,asevidencedbytheirinnovativeapproachestoacquiringseedsorextractingawormtrappedbeneathacupbyemployingtacticssuchasremovingtheobstructionormanipulatingtheenvironment.AccordingtoJarvis,allthreeofthesecompetencies—problem-solving,associativelearning,andreversallearning—aregenerallyregardedasintegralcomponentsofintelligence.However,anunresolvedquerypersistsregardingtheunderlyingreasonsfortherobustconnectionbetweenproblem-solvingproficienciesandvocallearning.MichaelGoldstein,apsychologyprofessoratCornellUniversitywhoisengagedinthestudyofvocallearninginbothsongbirdsandhumans,albeitnotaparticipantintheaforementionedresearch,positsthattheneuralregionsresponsibleforvocallearningdonotcoincidewiththosethatareactivatedduringtheprocessoftroubleshooting.8．WhichcanprobablydefineintelligenceaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Language. B．Brainsize. C．Brainstructure. D．Environment.9．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A．Guarantee. B．Assumption. C．Category. D．Distribution.10．WhatareParagraphs3&4mainlyabout?A．Habitsofsongbirds.B．Methodsofdomesticatingsongbirds.C．Outlineofthestudy.D．Threephasesofdisplayingintelligence.11．Whatmaythetexttalkaboutnext?A．Themechanismthatbridgesallthebrainregions.B．Thefunctionsofthebrainareasthatcantroubleshootissues.C．Thereasonswhysongbirds’intelligencecannotdevelopfurther.D．Thereasonswhyvocallearninginfluenceproblem-solvingabilities.Amaternalcaprinecreaturepossessestheremarkableabilitytodiscernheroffspring’svocalizationsbythetenderageofmerelyfivedayspost-birth.InvestigatorsfromtheUniversityofLondonconductedanexperimentwheretheyexposedadultfemalegoatstothebleatsoftheirprogeny,subsequentlyanalyzingtheirreactions.Thefindingswereastonishing:thegoatswerecapableofidentifyingtheuniquevoicesoftheirownyoung.Dr.ElodieBriefer,theprincipalinvestigator,elucidatedtoBBCNews,“Inthenaturalenvironment,mothersandtheiroffspringpredominantlyrelyonolfactorycuesformutualrecognition.Duringtheinitialweekoflife,thesecreaturestypicallyconcealthemselveswithintheverdantgrasses,emittingminimalvocalizations.Thistacticisemployedtoevadepotentialpredators.”Shefurtherelaborated,“Thematernalfigureemitscallstosummonheroffspringwhenshedesiresthemtopartakeinnourishment,henceweanticipatedthattheyoungwouldbeadeptatrecognizingthematernalvoice.”Interestingly,thisphenomenonwasalsoobservedindeer,whichsimilarlyemploythisconcealmentstrategy,despitenotbeingtaxonomicallyrelatedtogoats.Dr.Brieferandherresearchteamdocumentedthevocalcallsofthejuvenilegoatsandsubsequentlyplayedtheserecordingstothefemalegoats,meticulouslynotingtheirresponses.Shenoted,“Evenwhenthevocalizationsoriginatedfromoffspringasyoungasfivetosixdays,weobservedthemothersexhibitingaheightenedresponsivenesstothevoicesoftheirprogeny.”Upondetectingthevocalizationsoftheirownoffspring,thefemalegoatswoulddirecttheirgazetowardsthesourceofthesound,engaginginmovementandvocalizinginreply.Thescientificcommunityemphasizesthesignificanceofcomprehendingthebehavioralpatternsandcommunicativemethodsofgoats.Dr.Brieferremarked,“Gaininginsightintotheseaspectsaidsinappreciatingtheintellectualcapabilitiesofthesecreatures.”Shesuggested,“Agriculturalistsmightconsiderrevisingtheirgoat-rearingpracticesinlightofthisinnatebehavior.”12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bleats”means?A．Habits. B．Voices. C．Responses. D．Videos.13．Duringthefirstfewdaysofthebabydeer,themotherandthekidmainlydependon_______torecognizeeachotherwhentheyarehidingingrass.A．voice B．touch C．videos D．smell14．Intheexperiment,whatdoesamothergoatdowhenhearingherkids’voice?A．Makingvoiceinresponse. B．Jumpingoverandover.C．Hidingherselfsomewhere. D．Behavingjustasusual.15．Thepassageismainlywrittenfor_______toread.A．teachers B．writers C．farmers D．lawyersIn2017,thedocumentarySpyintheWild(《荒野间谍》)gaveusachancetolookmuchmorecloselyintotheworldofanimalsthroughtheeyesof“animalspies”.16They“live”togetherwithanimalsinordertorecordtheirlives.Returningforitssecondseason,SpyintheWildfollowsthetraditionofthefirstseasonwhileintroducingnewcamerasandrobots.17Forexample,aspyturtlecanlayroboteggs,aspysquirrelcangatherrobotnuts,andmonkeyscanplaywithaspysnowball.Inthenewseason,morethan50spyrobotsaresenttostudyanimalsinallkindsofenvironments,fromunderthePacificOceantotheArctic.18Theystudytheemotionalconnectionsthataresharedbetweenanimalsfirsthand.Forexample,aspypenguinwasacceptedaspartofagroupinSouthGeorgiaIsland.19“Quiteaccidentally,ourspycreatureisatthecenterofsomethingspecial,capturing(捕捉到)emotionsthathaveseldombeenwatched,”seriesnarrator(旁白)DavidTennanttoldCNET.20“Thewholepointis...tryingtogetcloserthanweeverhavebeforetocapturethoseelusive(难以得到的)momentswhentheystarttoshowthekindofemotionswehave,”directorJohnDownertoldPBS.A．Itwonlotsofpraisefromtheaudience.B．Butthesespiesdon’tjustrecordeverydaygoings-on.C．Thesespiesareactuallyrobotswithcamerasthatlooklikerealanimals.D．Withthehelpoftheserobots,these“animalspies”candomanythings.E．Ituncovershowdifferentwearecomparedtoouranimalcousins.F．Thedocumentaryaimstorecordanimalbehaviorthatwewouldrarelysee.G．Itwatchedonaspenguinparentstriedhardtomakeithometofeedtheirchicks.二、完形填空MyfamilylivedaboutamilefromtheBertramWoodsLibrary.Throughoutmychildhood,mymotherdrovemethereseveraltimesaweek.Ourvisitswerenever21enoughforme.Ilovedwanderingaroundtheshelves,22thespines(书脊）ofthebooksuntilsomethinghappenedto23myeye.Imighthavespenttherestofmylife24librariesthewayIviewed,say,theamusementparkIwenttoasakid.Butthenthe25feelingcamebackintomylifeunexpectedly.OnedayafterwemovedtoLosAngelesin2011,mysonwantedtointerviewa26forhisschoolassignment.Sowewenttotheclosestlibrary.Aswedroveovertomeetthelibrarian,Iexperienceda(n)27ofthissimilarjourneyinmypast-another,parentandchildontheirwaytothelibrary.The28didn'tlookanythingliketheBertramWoods,butwhenwe29inside,ashockofrecognition30me.Decadeshadpassed,butIreallyfeltasifIhad31tothattimeandplace,walkingintothelibrarywithmymother.32hadchanged.Therewasthesamesoftsoundofpencilonpaper,andthe33ofpeopleatthetablesinthecenteroftheroom.Thewoodencheckoutcounters,thelibrarians’desks,thebulletinboard,wereallthesame.Itwasn’tthattime34inthelibrary.Itwasasifithadbeencapturedhere,orcollected.Alibrary,forme,isagatheringpoolof35andofthepeoplewhocometofindthem.21．A．long B．easy C．boring D．interesting22．A．staring B．reading C．watching D．scanning23．A．fill B．catch C．open D．block24．A．wanderingaround B．thinkingabout C．talkingabout D．lookingfor25．A．familiar B．exciting C．funny D．warm26．A．professor B．teacher C．bookseller D．librarian27．A．memory B．adventure C．hardship D．excitement28．A．school B．building C．desks D．books29．A．looked B．drove C．stepped D．read30．A．stuck B．disappointed C．defeated

D．struck31．A．fallen B．returned C．gone D．devoted32．A．Everybody B．Everything C．Nobody D．Nothing33．A．talking B．laughing C．whispering D．chatting34．A．travelled B．flew C．stopped D．changed35．A．books B．contents C．stories D．achievements三、语法填空DavidsonBlackwasa36(Canada)doctorwhoorganizedtheexcavationthatledtothediscoveryofthebonesintheZhoukoudian37(cave)nearBeijing.Hewasaspecialistinthestudyofbones38itwashisambitiontofindandidentifybonesofearlyhumans.Hisuniversitywasaware39thesignificanceofhiswork.Atfirsttheygavehimampletimetodohisresearch,but40(late)theyrealizedhewaspreparedtopursueitregardlessofhisstudents’needsandhis41(teach)career,sotheyforbadehim42(travel)thereanymore.Itwashisassistant,PeiWenzhong,43madethediscoveryoftheseprimitivebonesand44(sharpen)tools.DavidsonBlackknewthathissuccesswasalmost45(entire)duetohisassistant’ssystematichardwork.四、书信写作46．假定你是李华，新华中学学生会主席。你校计划举办一场关于科技创新的专题讲座，请你写信邀请张教授来校给同学们作此次讲座。具体内容如下：1.活动目的：激发同学们对科技创新的兴趣，增强他们对科技改变未来的信心。2.讲座主题：科技创新如何塑造我们的未来。3.讲座时间：2024年9月15日上午9点至11点。4.讲座地点：学校礼堂。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使内容充实，行文连贯；(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearMr.Zhang,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Inthetapestryofmyeducationaljourney,Ihavebeengracedwiththepresenceofnumerousexemplaryeducators.Yet,onefigureemergeswithunparalleledprominence—KarlChip.MyencounterwithhimcommencedduringthetwilightofmyhighschoolyearsasIponderedthehallsofacademiathatawaitedme.ChipwastheunsolicitedenvoyforWellesleyCollege,abeaconforaspiringscholarsandathletesalike.UnderChip’smentorship,thereexistedadiversearrayofyoungindividuals,eachcategorizedintodistinctarchetypes.The“academicstartype,”thoseparagonsofscholasticachievementseekingonlyamodestnudgeintherightdirection.The“internationaltransplanttype,”youngsoulswhotraversedvastdistancestoimmersethemselvesintheNewEnglandethos,yearningforacompasstonavigatetheirnewsurroundings.The“geniusesofeconomicstype,”towhomChipwasaguarantorofcommendationsandaconduittoprestigiousopportunities.Andthen,therewerethe“scratchanddentkids,”thosecarryingwiththemtheinvisiblescarsoflife’schallenges,brimmingwithlatentpotentialyetgrapplingwiththeartofdecision-making.Ifyouborethedualmantleofanathleteanda“scratchanddentkid,”fallingunderChip’sinfluencewasaninescapabledestiny.IcountmyselfamongtheranksofChip’sproteges,classifiedasoneofthe“scratchanddentkids.”Yet,irrespectiveofthemoldwefit,eachofuswasshoweredwithanequalmeasureofsagacity,affection,solace,andconsideration.MynarrativeisbutasinglethreadintherichtapestryofChip’simpactonhismultitudeofstudents.WhenIfirstsetfootinWellesleyCollegeaquarterofacenturyago,Iwasanunseasonedathlete,myself-assuranceasfragileasafledgling’sfirstflight.Asmytenureattheinstitutiondrewtoaclose,Istoodtall,myconfidencerestored—undoubtedly,atransformationthatmademeamorewell-roundedindividual.MuchofthismetamorphosisIattributetoChipandhisunwaveringdedicationtomygrowthandthatofmyfellowstudents.Thegenesisofthistransformation?Athleticsplayedapivotalrole.TheloresurroundingChip’sbasketballteamofthe1990sisoneofremarkableresurgence.Ateamthat,duringthe1989-1990season,wasmarredbythestingofdefeat,claimingvictoryonlytwiceamidstaseaoftwentylosses.Yet,inthespanoftwoyears,andlargelyduetoChip’sunyieldingencouragementandbeliefinourcapabilities,weascendedtoclaimachampionshipofnote,ourledgerforthatyearastarkcontrasttoourpreviousstruggles,boastingtwenty-fourtriumphsandameretwosetbacks.注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Theotherpartwasacademics._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Chippassedawayafteralongillnesslastyear._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．A2．D3．C【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章是MaristSchool2024-2025学年招生信息，介绍了MaristSchool的招生流程、重要日期、申请要求等。1．推理判断题。第一段中“WearedelightedthatyouarecontemplatingMaristSchoolasthenextsignificantphaseinyourchild’seducationaljourney.(我们很高兴您正在考虑将圣母学校作为您孩子教育旅程的下一个重要阶段)”表明这是一份招生简章，“Maristofferstwoprincipaljuncturesforstudentenrollment,specificallyforthoseenteringthe7thand9thgrades,withourusualintakebeing150and50students,respectively.(Marist提供两个主要的学生入学时间，特别是那些进入七年级和九年级的学生，我们通常分别招收150名和50名学生)”提到了MaristSchool的招生信息，包括招生年级、招生人数、申请流程等，因此推断这是一份招生简章。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据文中“January18,2024(2024年1月18日)”这一截止日期可知，2024年1月下旬无法申请。第二段中“Theapplicationfortheacademicyearspanning2024to2025willbeaccessiblebylateSeptember,withafinalsubmissiondeadlinesetforJanuary18,2024.(2024至2025学年的申请将于9月下旬开放，最终提交截止日期为2024年1月18日)”说明了申请的最后期限。故选D。3．细节理解题。第二段中“Forthemanagementoftheentireadmissionsprocedure,MaristSchoolemploysRavenna,anapplicationstewardshipsoftware.UtilizingRavenna,parentsareabletoaccesstheMaristapplicationform,dispatchaccompanyingdocuments,monitortheprogressionoftheapplication,andperusetheadmissionsverdicts.(为了管理整个招生程序，Marist学校采用了应用程序管理软件Ravenna。利用UtilizingRavenna，家长可以访问Marist申请表格，发送随附文件，监控申请的进展，并仔细阅读录取裁决)”提到使用Ravenna软件进行在线申请，表明申请是通过在线方式提交的。故选C。4．D5．B6．C7．A【原文】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物的自我保护机制，包括生长环境、化学防御等。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nevertheless,plantsarenotwithouttheirownmethodsofself-defense.(然而，植物并非没有自己的自卫方法。)”及全文可知，整篇文章都在讨论植物的自我保护机制。所以“Plantprotection.(植物保护。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Aplantmightopttogrowinasecludedorinaccessiblelocale.(植物可能会选择在僻静或人迹罕至的地方生长。)”和“Alternatively,aplantcouldevolvetomakeonlycertainpartsofitsstructureenticingtofamishedpestsandfauna.(另一种选择是，一种植物可以进化到只使其结构的某些部分吸引饥饿的害虫和动物。)”和最后一段“Mostplants,however,utilizechemicalsinamoreforthrightmanneragainsttheiradversaries.(然而，大多数植物以更直接的方式利用化学物质来对付它们的对手。)”可知，文中提到了三种保护方式：生长在难以到达的地方、产生吸引特定害虫的部分、使用化学物质。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Forexample,ifaplantgeneratesdelectablefoliage,herbivorouscreaturesmightbeinclinedtoconsumetheleavesratherthantheseeds,whichareessentialfortheplant’spropagation.(例如，如果一种植物长出了美味的叶子，食草动物可能倾向于吃掉叶子而不是种子，而种子对植物的繁殖至关重要。)”可知，植物可能进化出美味的叶子以吸引食草动物，从而保护种子。故选C。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thelargerinsectsthenarrivetoconsumethesmallerones,therebysafeguardingtheplant.Mostplants,however,utilizechemicalsinamoreforthrightmanneragainsttheiradversaries.Inessence,plantsmanufacturetoxins.(然而，大多数植物以更直接的方式利用化学物质来对付它们的对手。从本质上讲，植物制造毒素。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了植物如何使用化学物质进行防御，暗示了下文可能会讨论这些毒素对食草动物的不同影响。故选A。8．C9．B10．C11．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了智力的定义及其与大脑结构和语言能力的关系。探讨了智力的定义，并通过研究鸟类的叫声和认知能力来探讨智力的表现。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,itismoreplausibletoassertthatthestructuralconnectivityandtheneuralpathwayswithinthebrainarethetrueindicatorsofintellectualprowess.”（然而，更可信的说法是，大脑内部的结构连接和神经通路才是智力的真正指标。）可知，根据第一段，大脑结构可以定义智力。故选C项。9．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“withoutreallytryingtoproveit”（但并没有真正去证明它。）以及第二段中““Theideastuckaround,butsohaveothercommonbeliefsthatarenotreallysupportedwithevidence,”hepointsout.”（他指出：“这个观点流传了下来，但其他没有证据支持的普遍信念也流传了下来。”）由此可知，此处为这是某个人在某一天提出的一个假设。故可猜测划线单词hypothesis为“假设”的意思，结合选项B项Assumption“假设”意思一致。故选B项。10．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Inanendeavortodeepentheirunderstandingoftheintricaciesofvocalacquisitionandcognitiveprocesses,theresearchersdelvedintotherealmofavianvocalization,specificallyfocusingonthemelodioussongbirds.”（为了加深他们对声音习得和认知过程的复杂性的理解，研究人员深入研究了鸟类发声的领域，特别关注了旋律优美的鸣禽。）以及第四段中“Thebehavioralassessmentsaimedtoscrutinizethebirds’capacityforproblem-solving,exemplifiedbytheirabilitytodevisestrategiestoovercomeobstaclesinordertoattainafoodreward.”（行为评估旨在仔细检查鸟类解决问题的能力，例如它们为获得食物奖励而制定克服障碍的策略的能力。）可知，第3和4段主要讲的是研究的背景、方法和初步发现，由此可知，说明了研究的大纲。故选C项。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However,anunresolvedquerypersistsregardingtheunderlyingreasonsfortherobustconnectionbetweenproblem-solvingproficienciesandvocallearning.”（然而，关于问题解决能力与声乐学习之间紧密联系的潜在原因，一个未解决的问题仍然存在。）可推知，这篇文章接下来会讨论声乐学习影响解决问题能力的原因。故选D项。12．B13．D14．A15．C【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章是关于山羊母亲如何识别自己孩子的叫声，主要描述了一项关于山羊母亲识别幼崽叫声的实验和发现。12．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“Thefindingswereastonishing;thegoatswerecapableofidentifyingtheuniquevoicesoftheirownyoung.(研究结果令人震惊：山羊能够识别出自己孩子的独特声音)”可知，研究人员给成年母山羊听后代咩咩的叫声，随后分析它们的反应。bleats意为“咩咩的叫声”，故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inthenaturalenvironment,mothersandtheiroffspringpredominantlyrelyonolfactorycuesformutualrecognition.Duringtheinitialweekoflife,thesecreaturestypicallyconcealthemselveswithintheverdantgrasses,emittingminimalvocalizations.(在自然环境中，母亲和她们的后代主要依靠嗅觉线索来相互识别。在生命的最初一周，这些生物通常隐藏在青翠的草丛中，发出最小的声音)”和“Interestingly,thisphenomenonwasalsoobservedindeer(有趣的是，这种现象也在鹿身上观察到)”可知，在小鹿出生的最初几天里，当它们躲在草丛里时，母鹿和幼鹿主要依靠嗅觉来识别彼此，故选D。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Upondetectingthevocalizationsoftheirownoffspring,thefemalegoatswoulddirecttheirgazetowardsthesourceofthesound,engaginginmovementandvocalizinginreply.(一旦发现自己的后代发出声音，母山羊就会将目光转向声音的来源，进行运动并发出声音作为回应)”可知，当山羊母亲听到幼崽的声音时，会发出声音回应，故选A。15．推理判断题。最后一段中“Agriculturalistsmightconsiderrevisingtheirgoat-rearingpracticesinlightofthisinnatebehavior.(农学家可能会考虑根据这种天生的行为来修改他们的山羊饲养方法)”提到了这项研究对农业实践的潜在影响，表明这篇文章主要是为农民阅读而写的。故选C。16．C17．D18．B19．G20．F【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了纪录片《荒野间谍》让我们有机会通过“动物间谍”的眼睛近距离地观察动物