2022天津南开区高考英语完形填空和阅理选练及参考答案8

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。“Experiencemaypossiblybethebestteacher,butitisnotaparticularlygoodteacher.”YoumightthinkthatWinstonChurchillorperhapsMarkTwainspokethosewords,buttheyactuallycomefromJamesMarch,aprofessoratStanfordHebeginsbyremindingusofjusthowfirmlywehavebeenstickingtotheideaofexperientiallearning:“Experienceisrespected;experienceissought;experienceisexplained.”Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves(涉及)seriouscomplications(简洁化),onesthatarepartofthenatureofexperienceitselfandwhichMarchdiscussesinthebodyofthisbook.Inoneinterestingpartofthebook,forexample,heturnsadoubtfuleyetowardtheuseofstoriesasthemosteffectivewayofexperientiallearning.Inoureffortstomakestoriesinteresting,heargues,welosepartofthecomplicatedtruthofthings.Hesays“Themoreaccurately(精确地)realityispresented,thelessunderstandablethestory,andthemoreunderstandablethestory,thelessrealisticitis.”Besidesbeingabroadlyknowledgeableresearcher,Marchisalsoapoet,andhisgiftshinesthroughinthedepthofviewsheoffersandthesimplelanguageheuses.Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding:Don’tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.Rather,bereadytothinkdeeplyaboutlearningfromexperienceinworkandlife.1.Accordingtothetext,JamesMarchis.A.apoetwhousesexperienceinhiswritingB.ateacherwhoteachesstorywritinginuniversityC.aresearcherwhostudiesthewayhumansthinkandactD.aprofessorwhohelpsorganizationsmakeimportantdecisions2.AccordingtoJamesMarch,experience.A.isovervaluedB.iseasytoexplainC.shouldbeactivelysoughtD.shouldbehighlyrespected3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Experiencemakesstoriesmoreaccurate.B.Storiesmadeinterestingfailtofullypresentthetruth.C.Theuseofstoriesisthebestwayofexperientiallearning.D.Storiesareeasiertounderstandwhenrealityismoreaccuratelydescribed.4.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Todescribearesearcher.C.Toexplainexperientiallearning.D.Todiscussorganizationaldecisionmaking.【参考答案】1-4CABA阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。(2021·合肥市二模，A)MakeADifferenceDayisthelargestnationaldayofcommunityserviceintheUSA,whichtakesplaceonthefourthSaturdayofOctober.WhotakespartinMakeADifferenceDay?Anyone!Youngandold,individualsandgroups,anyonecancarryoutavolunteerprojectthathelpsothers.Itmightbeasambitiousascollectingtruckloadsofclothingforthehomeless,oraspersonalasspendinganafternoonhelpinganelderlyneighbororrelative.USAWEEKENDcoversvolunteersandtheirprojectsinarticlesandphotos.HowdoIgetstarted?Lookaroundyourcommunity.Arepeoplehungry,homelessorill?Areparksorschoolsdirtyorneglected?Nomatterwhereyoulive,there'saneednearby.AndonMakeADifferenceDay,millionsofAmericansareexpectedtorolluptheirsleevestohelpothers.Youcanactaloneorenlistyourfriends,familyandcoworkers.YoucanalsocalltheMakeADifferenceDayHotLine,1－800－416－3824,forinformation.Orusetheideasonthiswebsiteforinspiration.WhatdoIdoafterI'veselectedaproject?Tellotherswhatyou'redoingandenlisthelp.Severalweeksbeforetheday,tellusaboutyourplansintheMakeADifferenceDAYtaBANK,anationallistingoflocalprojectsthatwillbeviewedbyinterestedvolunteers,otherpeoplelookingforgoodprojectideasandnewsmedialookingforgoodstoriestotell.ItwillonlytakeafewminutestopostyourplansintheDAYtaBANKhostedbyHandsOnNetwork.Doit!CarryoutyourplanstohelpothersonMakeADifferenceDay.BesuretotakelotsofpicturesandsharethemontheMakeADifferenceDayPhotoAlbum.文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了美国最大的社区活动MakeADifferenceDay。期望大家乐观参与这一活动，挂念他人。1．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Amagazine. B．Awebsite.C．Anewspaper. D．Afestivalbrochure.答案：B细节理解题。依据HowdoIgetstarted部分其次段的最终一句“Orusetheideasonthiswebsiteforinspiration.”可知，答案B符合文义。2．MakeADifferenceDay________.A．iscelebratedeveryyearallovertheworldB．isaserviceprovidedbythecommunityC．isacelebrationofhelpfulneighborsD．isanationaldayofdoinggoodinAmerica答案：D推理推断题。依据文章第一段第一句“MakeADifferenceDayisthelargestnationaldayofcommunityserviceintheUSA”和WhotakespartinMakeADifferenceDay部分第一句中“anyonecancarryoutavolunteerprojectthathelpsothers”可知，答案D符合文义。3．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatvolunteers________.A．arechosencarefullybyUSAWEEKENDB．needtodressuponMakeADifferenceDayC．cangetgoodprojectideasfromHandsOnNetworkD．takepicturestosendthemtonewsmediaformoney答案：C推理推断题。依据WhatdoIdoafterI'veselectedaproject部分其次句中“otherpeoplelookingforgoodprojectideasandnewsmedialookingforgoodstoriestotell.”和最终一句“ItwillonlytakeafewminutestopostyourplansintheDAYtaBANKhostedbyHandsOnNewwork.”可推知，答案C符合文义。4．Themainpurposeofthetextisto________.A．introducetheoriginofMakeADifferenceDayB．instructpeoplehowtoselectaproperprojectideaC．promoteMakeADifferenceDaytoothercountriesD．encourageindividualstojoininMakeADifferenceDay答案：D写作意图题。依据对文章的最终一部分Doit和全文的整体理解可知，本文主要的目的是鼓舞大家乐观参与MakeADifferenceDay这一活动，故答案D符合文义。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。(2021·合肥市二模，B)Walkinginafarmers'marketoftenbringsonetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenourmealsandthefarmsonwhichtheyoriginated.Moreandmorelocalsmallfarmsarepopping_upinoppositiontofactoryfarms.Today'scommercialfarmsdonotfittheimagethatcomestomindwhilehappilysingingalongto“OldMcDonald”.Instead,mostofthenation'sfoodcomesfromCAFOs,ConfinedAnimalFeedingOperations,whereanimalsarekeptintightlyenclosedconditionsastheyarefattenedupandreadiedtobekilledforfood.Fortunately,knowingexactlywhereone'sfoodcomesfromhasledtoanincreaseintheavailabilityofwhatisknownas“grassfed”beef.Technically,allcattlearegrassfedforatleastalimitedamountoftime,butwhatmakesthemeatsignificantisthatitisgrassfinished,notforcefedcorn,soyorgrains.Thischangeindietmakesallthedifferencesincecornisnotpartofthecow'straditionaldiet,andthereforecausesmajorhealthissuesforit.Todealwiththehealthissues,antibiotics(抗生素)areusedandsomeoftheantibioticsusedtotreatthecattlearesimilartothosegiventohumans,sotheycandecreasetheeffectivenessofmedicinewhenaconsumerissick.Ahealthierdietforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcalories.Andwhencookinggrassfedbeef,you'dbetteruseaslightlylowertemperaturetomakeitmoredelicious.文章大意：本文是一篇谈论文。为了应对机械化农业的弊端，越来越多的小农业开头兴盛起来了，它们生产的农畜牧产品不仅丰富了人们的一日三餐，同时也更绿色、更健康。5．Theunderlinedwords“poppingup”(inthe1stparagraph)probablymeans________.A．improving B．fadingC．profiting D．appearing答案：D词义猜想题。依据文章第一句中“andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailable”可知，现在有更多的当地小农场喂养的动物可满足人们对蛋白质的需求，即当地毁灭了越来越多小农场，由此可知，appear与popup意思最为接近，故答案D符合文义。6．Thesong“OldMcDonald”describes________.A．animalsraisedfreelyonlocalfarmsB．animalskeptintightlyenclosedconditionsC．commercialfarmsprovidingfastfoodD．commercialfarmsprovidingunpopularfoods答案：A推理推断题。依据文章其次段第一句“Today'scommercialfarmsdonotfittheimage...”的提示和下文对商业农场喂养动物的方法的描述可知，thesong“OldMcDonald”所描述的喂养方式正好和商业农场相反，由此可推知，答案A符合文义。7．Somemedicinesarelesseffectiveforbeefconsumersprobablybecause________.A．somecattlefeedongrainsB．allcattledietongrassC．somemedicinesareusedtotreatsickcattleD．someantibioticsareusedbybothcattleandpeople答案：D细节理解题。依据文章第三段最终一句中“andsomeoftheantibioticsusedtotreatthecattlearesimilartothosegiventohumans...”可推知，答案D符合文义。8．Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A．foodfromlocalfarmscanhelpaddtothevarietyinourdailymealsB．soyorgrainsareonthelistoftraditionaldietsofthecattleC．cornforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcaloriesD．lowertemperaturemakesgrassfedbeefmoredelicious答案：A推理推断题。依据文章第一段第一句“Walkinginafarmers'marketoftenbringsonetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenourmealsandthefarmsonwhichtheyoriginated.”可推知，选项A“当地小农场的食物可以丰富我们的一日三餐”符合文义。B、C两项与原文不符；D项不是经过推理得出的，不符合题意，故排解。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。(2021·西安市标准化考练，C)OnavisittoJapan,WangariMaathailearnedthestoryofthehummingbird(蜂鸟)andtheforestfire.Whiletheotheranimalsruninfear,thehummingbirdfliesabovethefiretimeandagain,leavingafewdropsofwaterfromitsbeak.“Whydoyoubother？”theotheranimalsshoutatthehummingbird.“I'mdoingthebestthatIcan，”thehummingbirdreplies.“It'ssuchabeautifulstory，”Ms.Maathaisays,thinkingoftheworld'senvironmentalproblems.“There'salwayssomethingwecandowithourlittlebeaklikethelittlehummingbird.”In2004MaathaiwashonoredwithaNobelPeacePrizeforherworkfoundingtheGreenBeltMovement(GBM),whichhiresvillagers,especiallywomen,toimprovetheenvironment.Sincethen,she'srealizedthatpeople'svaluesarewhatinspirethem.Ifthevaluesaregoodones,goodactionswillfollow.“Ifyoudon'thavegoodvalues,you'lldevelopvices(恶劣行径)，”saysMaathai.“Andifwegiveintothevice,wedestroyourselves.Wedestroytheenvironment.”That'sthemessageofhernewbook.In1971,Maathaireceivedadoctor'sdegreefromtheUniversityofNairobi,thelargestuniversityinKenya.She'snowbackinherhomelandbeginningworkontheWangariMaathaiInstituteforPeaceandEnvironmentalStudies(WMI)attheUniversityofNairobi.“Theywanttocallitafterme，”shesays.WMIwillpaymoreattentionto“learningbydoing”anduseknowledgetodealwithrealproblems.“WhatAfricaneedsispeoplewhoarewillingtogettheirfingersdirtyandworkwiththepeople，”saysMaathai.Plantingtreesisonewaypeopleconnectwiththenaturalworld.Shecontinuestoinspireothers.“Thereisnolastingpeaceuntilwehavepeacewiththeearthitself，”shesays.文章大意：本文是一篇报道。疼惜环境人人有责，文章主要叙述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者Maathai疼惜环境的一些具体活动以及她关于疼惜环境的一些看法。9．WhydoesWangariMaathaithinkhighlyofthehummingbird?A．Itcancreatewaterfromitsbeak.B．Ithelpstheotheranimalsrunaway.C．Ittriesitsbesttoputoutthefire.D．Itfindsoutawaytosavetheforest.答案：C细节理解题。依据其次段中“I'mdoingthebestthatIcan”和第三段“...thinkingoftheworld'senvironmentalproblems.‘There'salwayssomethingwecandowithourlittlebeaklikethelittlehummingbird.’”可知，Maathai对蜂鸟评价很高的缘由是蜂鸟会尽自己的全力去扑灭大火。故C项正确。10．ThosewhoworkforGBMaremainly________.A．environmentalexpertsB．womenvillagersC．peoplewhohadgoodvaluesD．peoplewholovebirds答案：B细节理解题。依据第四段第一句“...whichhiresvillagers,especiallywomen,toimprovetheenvironment.”可知，B项正确。11．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutWangariMaathai?A．SheisfromJapan.B．ShereceivedaNobelPrize.C．Sheisauniversityteacher.D．Shehasalwaysraisedthehummingbird.答案：B细节理解题。依据第四段第一句中“In2004MaathaiwashonoredwithaNobelPeacePrizeforherworkfoundingtheGreenBeltMovement(GBM)”可知，B项正确。12．AccordingtoWangariMaathai,________.A．goodactionsleadtogoodvaluesB．people'svaluesinfluencetheiractionsC．everybodyhasapossibilitytodevelopvicesD．peoplewhohavebadvaluesmayhavegoodactions答案：B细节理解题。依据第四段最终一句和第五段内容可知，Maathai认为，假如你没有好的价值观，就会有不良行为；假如我们屈从于错误的价值观的话，就会损害自己，破坏环境。故B项正确。【2022高考英语江西省红色六校其次次联考】完形填空。阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Alittlepartofmethoughtaboutgoingtoanothercheckoutline．Thisonehadtheshortest36，therewasonlyoneguyinit，buthewasina37andthereseemedtobesomedifficulties38．Westeppedinbehindhim．Atfirst,he39tobehavingdifficultygettinghisgroceriesontothecounter．Butafterawhile，Irealizedthatwhathewasactuallydoingwas40itintotwoparts．Iofferedtohelp，butheandthecheckoutladyhaditunder41．HeaskedJulieifshewouldmindputtinghis42basketaway．Thenhe43forhiswalletwhichwasinabagononesideofhischair．The44hewaspositionedandthefactheonlyhadoneusablearm45thistroublesomeforhim，soIhelpedthere．Thecheckoutoperatorcamearoundandgavehimhis46andthegoodsheneededtohavetohand．She47onebagofgroceriesoverahandleatthebackofhischair．Iofferedtogettheotherbi