08-太空探索-2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-太空探索题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃的几个需要考虑的因素。2阅读理解介绍了在航空领域的新变化，解释了私营公司进入航空领域的原因和意义以及太空探索的未来。3阅读理解介绍了人类往返火星面临的困难以及可能的解决方案。4阅读理解讲述了关于太空垃圾清理的问题。5语法填空人们对火星是否适合生命存在的探索。01（2022·江西省乐平中学高二开学考试）HowiseatinginspacedifferentfromeatingonEarth?Ifyousendastronautsintospace,youhavetosendalongwithfoodaswell.Butwhatdoastronautseat,andhowdotheyeatit?Scientiststakeseveralfactorsintoconsiderationastheyplanmealsforspace.Themostimportantfactorisitsnutrition.___1___Providingjunkfoodtoeat,suchaspotatochips,sodas,andpizza,wouldmaketheastronautsunhealthy.___2___Ifthefoodthathasbeenprovidedisn’ttasteful,theastronautsmayavoideatingit.Ifyou’veevertiedtofocusonsomethingimportantwhileyourstomachdoesn’tfeelwell,you’llknowwhythescientistsinchargeofaspacetaskwanttheirastronautstoeatregularly.Thelackofgravityinaspacecraftalsodetermineswhatfoodscanorcannotbeeateninspace.Mealsmustbepackagedcarefullysotheywillbesafeinthecabin(舱).Waterortinybitsoffoodcouldgetinsideamachineorelectronicdeviceanddamageit.___3___Alooseknifeinsidethecabinwouldbedangerous.___4___Theweightofeveryobjectincludedinaspacecraftmustbecountedupinordertoensurethatthereisenoughfuelandpowertocarrythecraftsafelyintospaceandbackhomeagain.___5___Mostfoodsarestoredinplasticbags,andoften,thefoodsaredehydrated(脱水的).Whenanastronautisreadytoeat,hotwaterisaddedtothemealtowarmitup.Despitealltheserequirements,muchofthefoodeateninspaceisactuallysimilartowhatyoumighteatonanygivenday.A．Tasteisalsoimportant.B．Nutritionisimportanttoconsider.C．Finally,weightisanimportantconcern.D．Foodpackagingismadetobeaslightaspossible.E．Believeitornot,theyhavefreshfruitsandvegetables.F．Keepingastronautshealthyisatoptaskforanyspacetravel.G．Forthesamereason,sharpknivesandfolksareneverusedonboard.02（2022·浙江·高二开学考试）Fiftyyearsago,astronautstraveledtospaceinrocketsdesigned,built,andmaintainedbyNASAandpaidforbygovernmentfunding.Today,theastronautsareoftenbillionairesenjoyingajourneyintoloworbitonarockettheypaidforfromtheirbillion-dollarbankaccounts.Thechangefeelslikeagiantleap,butitmakessense,saysLauraSewardForczyk,founderofAstralyticalaspaceconsultingcompany.“Moreandmoreofmoderncivilizationreliesonspace,”shesays.HugenumbersofsatellitesorbittheplanetconnectingustoeverythingfromcellphonestoGPStoNetflixandthereisbigmoneyinmaintainingthosesystems.“Thisdoesn’tgetalotofheadlinestypically,butthereareprofitreasonswhyprivatecompanieswanttogointospace,”saysForczyk.And85privatecompanieslearnmoreaboutputtingrocketsandsatellitesintospace,they’reabletohelpthelikesofNASAontheirmissions.That’simportantbecauseNASAitselfhasbecomefinanciallyconstrainedfromits1966peak,wherespendingonthespaceracetookup4.4percentofthefederalbudget,thatspendingisnowlessthan0.5percentofthecountry’stotalbudget.“NASAusingcommercialcompaniestobuildalotofthehardwaretodoalotofthoseservicesoftakingscientificpayloadstothesurfaceofthemoon,”saysForczyk.Thehopeisthatpeoplewillfollow—possiblyby2025,butmorerealistically,saysForczyk,by2030.Ifyou’rewonderingwhywe’regoingbacktothemoonsincemankindhasalreadywalkeditssurface,theansweristhatweexploredonlypartofit.“Weknowalotmore,butwealsoknowsoverylittle,”saysForczyk.“Sowewanttogobackwithpeopletolearnmore,butmoreimportantly,wewanttogobacktoliveandworkthere.”Someevenseethemoonasaneventualstagingareaforhumanexplorationofdeepspace.Marsisseenasthenextstepping-offpointtowardthefinalfrontier—thoughwhetherwe’llgetthereinourlifetimesisanotherquestion.6．Whatchangehastakenplaceinspacetravelnowadays?A．Themoonisthefinalfrontier,B．Thosewhopayfortherocketcanenjoythejourney.C．ThefederalgovernmentgivesNASAmorefinancialsupport.D．Rocketsaredesigned,built,andmaintainedbyprivatecompanies.7．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．MankindcanliveonMarsby2030. B．Wehaveexploredmostpartofthemoon.C．Spacetravelreliesonmoderncivilization. D．NASAcooperateswithprivatecompaniesonthemissions.8．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Whocangotospace? B．What’snextinspacetravel?C．What’sNASA’sfuturemission? D．Whydoprivatecompanieswanttogointospace?03（2022·陕西西安·高三开学考试）SendinghumantravelerstoMarswouldrequirescientistsandengineerstoovercomearangeoftechnologicalandsafetyobstacles.Oneofthemisthesevereriskcausedbyparticleradiation(粒子辐射)fromthesun,distantstarsandgalaxies(星系).Answeringtwokeyquestionswouldgoalongwaytowardovercomingthatobstacle:Wouldparticleradiationcausetoosevereathreattohumanlifethroughoutaroundtriptotheredplanet?And,couldtheverytimingofamissiontoMarshelpprotectastronautsandthespacecraftfromtheradiation?InanewarticlepublishedinthejournalSpaceWeather,aninternationalteamofspacescientists,includingresearchersfromUCLA,answersthosetwoquestionswitha“no”anda“yes”.Thatis,humansshouldbeabletosafelytravelandfromMarsifthespacecrafthassufficientprotectionandtheroundtripisshorterthanapproximatelyfouryears.AndthetimingofahumanmissiontoMarswouldindeedmakeadifference:ThescientistsdeterminedthatthebesttimeforaflighttoleaveEarthwouldbewhensolaractivityisatitspeak,knownasthesolarmaximum.Thescientists’calculationsdemonstratethatitwouldbepossibletoprotectaMars-boundspacecraftfromenergeticparticlesfromthesunbecause,duringsolarmaximum,themostdangerousandenergeticparticlesfromdistantgalaxiesaredecreasedbythestrengthenedsolaractivity.Atripofthatlengthwouldbeimaginable.TheaverageflighttoMarstakesaboutninemonths,sodependingonthetimingoflaunchandavailablefuel,itisreasonablethatahumanmissioncouldreachtheplanetandreturntoEarthinlessthantwoyears,accordingtoYuriShprits,aUCLAresearchgeophysicistandco-authorofthepaper.“Thisstudyshowsthatwhilespaceradiationimposes(强加)strictlimitationsonhowheavythespacecraftcanbeandthetimeoflaunch,anditpresentstechnologicaldifficultiesforhumanmissionstoMars,suchamissionispractical,”saidShprits.9．WhatmaypreventhumantravelersbeingsenttoMars?A．Thelongdistance. B．Thelackofknowledge.C．Theextremetemperature. D．Technicalandsecuritychallenges.10．WhichisoneconditionforsafelytravelingtoandfromMars?A．Enoughprotection B．Sufficienttime.C．Shorteneddistance. D．Experiencedguidance.11．WhyissolarmaximumthebesttimetotraveltoMars?A．Particleradiationisweakened. B．Solarradiationisstrengthened.C．Humansmakefullpreparations. D．Thesuncanofferthemostenergy.12．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A．Literature. B．Science. C．Entertainment. D．Figure.04（2022·四川凉山·三模）Chinadeployed（部署）asatelliteonOct24tocarryouttechnologicaltestsforspacedebris（残骸）management,accordingtotheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorp.Thespacecraftaimstodemonstratetechnologiestoalleviatespacedebris.Sincethedawnofthespaceageinthe1950s,humanshavelaunchedthousandsofrocketsandsentevenmoresatellitesintoorbit.Manyarestillthere,andwearenowfacinganever-increasingriskofspacejunk.Morethan27,000piecesoforbitaldebris,or“spacejunk”,aretrackedinspace,accordingtoNASA．Muchmoredebrisistoosmalltobetrackedbutlargeenoughtothreatenhumanspaceflightandroboticmissions.Sinceapieceofdebriscanmovefasterthanaspeedingbullet,collisionswiththesetinypiecesoftenleavepitsinmanysatellites,telescopesandotherobjectsorbitingourplanet.In2006,forexample,atinypieceofspacejunkcollidedwiththeInternationalSpaceStation,takingachipoutoftheheavilyreinforcedwindow,accordingtoNationalGeographic.Spacejunkisahugethreattospacemissionsthatinvolvehumanlife.“Thisisparticularlyimportantsincecarefulconsiderationneedstobemadeabouttheorbitalpathofspacejunkbeforespacewalkexercisesareconducted,”JoonWaynCheong,asatellitesystemsexpert,toldScienceX,asciencewebsite.Luckily,scientistsarefullyawareoftheissue,andtheyareapproachingitindifferentways.Oneinvolvesusingagiantnet.In2018,theUK’sSurreySpaceCenterusedanettocatchspacejunkinanexperiment.Itwasthefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,CNNreported.Itinvolvedtargetingdebrisandcatchingitwithanetandaharpoon（鱼叉）.Anothersolutionistouseroboticarms.ClearSpace1,theEuropeanSpaceAgency’smissiontoremovespacejunkfromorbit,isexpectedtolaunchin2025,whichwilladoptroboticarmstocapturethedebris,BBCScienceFocusMagazinereported.Themissionplanstolocate,captureandthrowdebrisintotheatmosphere,whereitwillburnupintheintensepressureandfriction（摩擦）ofre-entryintotheEarth’satmosphere.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alleviate”inparagraph1mean?A．Track. B．Increase. C．Reduce. D．Destroy.14．Whatcanbeinferredaboutspacejunkaccordingtothepassage?A．AgreatmanysatellitesorbitingtheEarthdon’tworkefficiently.B．About27,000satellitesareworkingontheorbitoftheEarth.C．Manysatelliteshavebeendamagedbyspeedingbullets.D．Spacewalkexercisescanbeahugethreattospacejunk.15．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?（P=paragraph）A． B． C． D．16．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Achievementinaerospace B．RisksofspacejunkC．Solutionstosolvingdebris D．Spacedebriscleanup05（2022·湖南师大附中高三开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Overthepastfewyears,theinterestinexploringMarshasgrown,withsomeimportant___17___(discovery)aboutit.TheyraisefurtherquestionsaboutthepastatmosphereofMarsandscientistsultimatelywanttoknowwhetherornotitwas___18___(suit)forlife.ImagestakenbytheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sMarsExpresssatelliteshowthemarksthat___19___ancientnetworkofriversleftonthe___20___(planet)surface.Thevalleysformedastheywouldonearth,___21___astrongflowofwatercarvingitswaythroughthelandscape.___22___islesscleariswherethewatercamefrom.DuetoalackofknowledgeaboutthepastclimateofMars,scientistscannottellwhetheritcamefrommeltingglaciers(冰川),groundwater___23___somethingunheardof,thoughsomeresearchersaredoubtfulwhetherliquidwaterwasresponsibleforthemarks___24___(see)bythesatellite.Theysayothermaterialssuchassandordustcanflowlikealiquidandproducesimilarresults.Marsformedmorethan4.5billionyearsagoandthereisnoliquidwateronthesurfaceofittoday.Butscientistsgenerallybelieveit___25___(go)throughanearlywetandwarmerathatendedafter1.5billionto2.5billionyears,___26___(leave)theplanetextremelydryandcold.参考答案：1．F

2．A

3．G

4．C

5．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃的几个需要考虑的因素。1．根据上文“Themostimportantfactorisitsnutrition.”（最重要的因素是它的营养）和下文“Providingjunkfoodtoeat,suchaspotatochips,sodas,andpizza,wouldmaketheastronautsunhealthy.”（提供垃圾食品，如薯片、苏打水和披萨，会使宇航员不健康）可知，选项与本段主旨一致，且与下文形成对比关系，说明健康对于宇航员的重要性。故F选项“保持宇航员健康是任何太空旅行的首要任务”切题。故选F项。2．下文的“Ifthefoodthathasbeenprovidedisn’ttasteful,theastronautsmayavoideatingit.”（如果提供的食物不好吃，宇航员可能会避免吃）可知，说明了食物味道的重要性。故A选项“味道也很重要”切题。其中的“Taste”与下文的“isn’ttasteful”相对应。故选A项。3．根据下文“Alooseknifeinsidethecabinwouldbedangerous.”（太空舱里有把松动的刀会很危险）说明太空舱中有刀是很危险的，由此推知，空处不用刀具的原因。G选项的“knives”与后文的“knife”相对应。故G选项“出于同样的原因，太空舱上从来不用锋利的刀具”切题。故选G项。4．根据下文“Theweightofeveryobjectincludedinaspacecraftmustbecountedupinordertoensurethatthereisenoughfuelandpowertocarrythecraftsafelyintospaceandbackhomeagain.”（航天器中每一个物体的重量都必须计算出来，以确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全送入太空并再次返回。）可知，重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素。C选项与下文的“weight”相对应，且“Finally”与前文也形成了并列关系。故C选项“重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素”切题。故选C项。5．根据下文的“Mostfoodsarestoredinplasticbags,andoften,thefoodsaredehydrated(脱水的).Whenanastronautisreadytoeat,hotwaterisaddedtothemealtowarmitup.”（大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且通常都是脱水的。当宇航员准备吃饭时，会在食物中加入热水来加热。）可知，宇航员食物的包装很重要。D选项中的“packaging”与下文的“stored”相对应，“light”与本段的论点“weight”相对应。故D选项“食品包装要尽可能的轻”切题。故选D项。6．B

7．D

8．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在航空领域的新变化，解释了私营公司进入航空领域的原因和意义以及太空探索的未来。6．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Fiftyyearsago,astronautstraveledtospaceinrocketsdesigned,built,andmaintainedbyNASAandpaidforbygovernmentfunding.Today,theastronautsareoftenbillionairesenjoyingajourneyintoloworbitonarockettheypaidforfromtheirbillion-dollarbankaccounts.(50年前，宇航员乘坐由美国国家航空航天局设计、制造和维护、由政府资助的火箭前往太空。今天，宇航员通常是亿万富翁，他们用十亿美元的银行账户支付火箭费用，享受着乘坐火箭进入低轨道的旅程)”可知，50年前，宇航员进入太空所需的费用是由政府来支付的。而现在，亿万富翁付钱，就可以乘坐火箭进入太空旅行。故选B项。7．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“And85privatecompanieslearnmoreaboutputtingrocketsandsatellitesintospace,they’reabletohelpthelikesofNASAontheirmissions(85家私营公司了解到更多关于将火箭和卫星送入太空的信息，他们能够帮助NASA等机构执行任务)”和第五段的句子“NASAusingcommercialcompaniestobuildalotofthehardwaretodoalotofthoseservicesoftakingscientificpayloadstothesurfaceofthemoon(NASA利用商业公司来建造很多硬件来做很多服务把科学载荷带到月球表面)”可知，NASA和私营公司在执行任务时进行合作。故选D项。8．主旨大意题。文章先讲述了在航空领域的新变化，解释了私营公司进入航空领域的原因和意义，最后又说人类对太空的探索还远远没有结束。结合最后一段“Someevenseethemoonasaneventualstagingareaforhumanexplorationofdeepspace.Marsisseenasthenextstepping-offpointtowardthefinalfrontier—thoughwhetherwe’llgetthereinourlifetimesisanotherquestion.(有些人甚至将月球视为人类探索深空的最终集结地。火星被视为通往终极边疆的下一个起点——尽管我们是否能在有生之年到达那里是另一个问题)”可知，B项“What’snextinspacetravel?(太空旅行的下一个目标是什么?)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。9．D

10．A

11．A

12．B【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了人类往返火星面临的困难以及可能的解决方案。9．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“SendinghumantravelerstoMarswouldrequirescientistsandengineerstoovercomearangeoftechnologicalandsafetyobstacles.(将人类送上火星需要科学家和工程师克服一系列技术和安全障碍)”可知，人类飞向火星要克服技术和安全阻碍。故选D。10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thatis,humansshouldbeabletosafelytravelandfromMarsifthespacecrafthassufficientprotectionandtheroundtripisshorterthanapproximatelyfouryears.(也就是说，如果宇宙飞船有足够的保护，并且往返时间少于大约四年，那么人类应该能够安全地从火星出发)”可知，人类往返火星要有足够的保护措施。故选A。11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thescientists’calculationsdemonstratethatitwouldbepossibletoprotectaMars-boundspacecraftfromenergeticparticlesfromthesunbecause,duringsolarmaximum,themostdangerousandenergeticparticlesfromdistantgalaxiesaredecreasedbythestrengthenedsolaractivity.(科学家们的计算表明，保护飞往火星的宇宙飞船不受来自太阳的高能粒子的伤害是可能的，因为在太阳活动高峰期，来自遥远星系的最危险的高能粒子会因太阳活动的加强而减少)”可知，因为在太阳活动高峰期，粒子辐射被削弱，所以太阳活动高峰期是人类飞向火星的最佳时间。故选A。12．推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，文章介绍了人类往返火星面临的困难以及可能的解决方案，所以本文出自报纸的科学版。故选B。13．C

14．A

15．B

16．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于太空垃圾清理的问题。13．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“China

deployed（部署）asatelliteonOct24tocarryouttechnologicaltestsforspacedebris（残骸）management”（中国于10月24日部署了一颗卫星，进行空间残骸管理的技术测试。）可知，这颗卫星是用来进行空间残骸技术测试的，所以划线句说明该航天器旨在展示减少空间碎片排放的技术。故划线此处的含义为“减少、缓解太空垃圾”。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Sincethedawnofthespaceageinthe1950s,humanshavelaunchedthousandsofrocketsandsentevenmoresatellitesintoorbit.Manyarestillthere,andwearenowfacinganever-increasingriskofspacejunk.”（自20世纪50年代太空时代开始以来，人类已经发射了数千枚火箭，并将更多的卫星送入轨道。许多仍然存在，我们现在面临着越来越多的太空垃圾的风险。）可知，上世纪50年代以来发射了众多卫星，很多依然滞留太空轨道，使地球面临一个太空垃圾日益增加的风险。暗指很多卫星已经成为不能再有效工作的垃圾，故选A。15．推理判断题。文章第一段用一个新闻引出话题，第二段提出太空垃圾带来威胁，第三段进一步解释危险，第四、五段举了两个例子来说明威胁；第六段提出科学家们想办法解决这一难题，第七、八段又举例分别介绍UK和EUROPE的解决办法。可推知，选项B的结构图示与文章的论述一致，故选B。16．主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段“Chinadeployed（部署）asatellit