冲刺2022年高考-短文语法改错(一)

冲刺2022年高考短文改错专训（一）短文改错——先词法、句法·再行文逻辑[2021·全国卷甲]①Lastweekourteacheraskedustofillinaquestionnaire.②Oneofthequestionsare:Whowillyougointimesoftrouble?③Herearetheresults.④Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey'reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.⑤Somewillturnouttotheirparentsorteachersforhelp.⑥Onlyalittlechoosetodealwiththeproblemsonourown.⑦Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.⑧Theykeptverymuchtothemselves.⑨Inmyopinion,whereintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmostly.动词形，名词数句②动词误用。主谓一致。“oneofthe＋可数名词复数形式”为固定搭配，意为“……之一”，中心词是one，提示主语是“其中的一个问题”，be动词应用第三人称单数。________________句④名词误用。此处的friend通过连词or与classmates并列，提示这里指的“朋友”不止一个。________________⑧动词时态误用。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，因此本句也应该用一般现在时。________________还要留意形和副句⑤副词多用。turntosb.forhelp为固定搭配，意为“向某人寻求帮助”。________________句⑨副词形式误用。mostly意为“主要地，一般地”，而most意为“(程度上)最大，最高”。根据语境可知，此处是说“我们最相信的那些人”。________________代词格，细领悟句⑥代词误用。本句主语代指的“学生”(students)为可数名词，alittle用于指代不可数名词。________________句⑥代词误用。本句主语指代students，根据逻辑关系可知，此处表示的应该是“靠他们自己”(ontheirown)。________________非谓语搞清楚句⑦非谓语动词误用。dislikedoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“不喜欢做某事”。________________冠词连词常光顾句⑨连词误用。分析本句结构可知，此处是省略了主语和谓语的时间状语从句。________________习惯用法要记住句②介词漏用。goto意为“求助于”，________________第一讲攻关八类词法类错误考点1名词和冠词[典例1][2021·全国卷乙]Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我喜欢做家务活。饭后，我总是帮助父母洗碗。(2)根据语法知识分析：名词单复数误用。短语dothedishes意为“洗碗”。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.考场思维：(1)语境含义：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假了。(2)根据语法知识分析：summervacation“暑假”，是单数概念。自主解答：________________【过关检测】自主解答：________________1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]Anycreativeideaswhichisaboutschoollifeiswarmlywelcomed.________________2．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.________________3．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.________________4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]WhenIwaslittle，Friday'snightwasourfamilygamenight.________________5．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohavethebowlofeggsoupwhileIhavetoeatanapple.________________6．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.________________7．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.________________8．[2021·江西省质量监测]Onlybytastingfailurecanweenjoyfruitofsuccess.________________【技法点金】1．理清单复数使用情况(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。2．牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词advice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。3．三类位置后常用名词(1)冠词后常用名词。(2)介词后常用名词。(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。4．关注冠词的考查重点(1)a和an，表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加the。(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。考点2介词和数词[典例1][2021·全国卷乙]Inmyopinion，studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.考场思维：(1)语境含义：在我看来，学生做一些家务可以受益很多。(2)考查介词的缺失。benefitfrom/bydoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“得益于(做)某事”。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全国卷Ⅱ]I'mgladtoknowthatyou'vecomeChinatolearnkungfuinaschoolinmyhometown.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我很高兴知道你已经来到中国，在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。(2)搭配识记：cometo＋地点名词，表示“来到某地”。自主解答：________________【过关检测】1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]Youcanalsochoosetomakechangesinfamousdramastoenterintothecompetition.________________2．[2021·新乡市第三次模拟]ThereIfoundmanypeoplewaitingtheirorderstobecheckedout.________________3．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.________________4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Theywouldsaytomethatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegameforthemsometimes.________________5．[2021·太原一模]Aftergraduatingfromhighschool，I'mgoingtobeacomputerprogrammer，whichIthinkisongreatdemandinthemodernworld.________________6．[2021·吉林市第三次调研]Withouthesitation，I，underthehelpofTomandMary，carriedheronmybacktotheclinic.________________7．[2021·河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟]IrememberclearlythatwhenIwasonmyeighteenbirthday,myfathergavemeapresent—apicturebook.________________8．[2021·赣州市模拟]Inordertocelebratetheeightyanniversaryofthefoundingofourschool,abigcelebrationwasheldinourschoollastSunday.________________【技法点金】1．关注介词遗漏①不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。②作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式后要有相应的介词。2．明辨介词多余①及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。②this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。3．牢记相似介词的区别in,on,at的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)，on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具体的时刻。4．识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用“只描述数量多少的”用基数词；“强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。5．注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某人几十岁时”用“inone's＋逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“inthe＋逢十的基数词复数”。考点3谓语动词误用[典例1][2021·全国卷乙]Also，itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheyarelikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship.考场思维：(1)语境含义：此外，这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，这改善了家庭关系。(2)谓语动词的误用。分析句子结构可知，what引导宾语从句，句中的like作动词，意为“喜欢”，故are多余。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.考场思维：(1)语境含义：实际上，我从七岁就开始学功夫了，但我已经很长时间没练习了。(2)根据分析可知，本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由“whenIwassevenyearsold”可确定该句谓语动词应该为一般过去时态。自主解答：________________【过关检测】1．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]Johnwentshoppinginastore,butheforgottobringabag.Sohebuysashoppingbag.________________2．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]However,oneday,IforgettowearonewhenIwasheadingforavitalexam.________________3．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]Itnotonlybringsuspleasurebutreducewastearoundus.________________4．[2021·江西省高三教学质量监测]Wehavebothachievedsuccessandsufferfromfailure,butdifferentstudentshasdifferentattitudestowardsfailure.________________5．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]Thereisanotherthingthatshouldbekeepinmind.________________6．[2021·马鞍山第三次监测]Aftergettingourtools,weweredividingintodifferentteams.________________7．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]AnEnglishdramacompetitionwouldbeheldintheschoolarthallnextFriday.________________8．[2021·九江市二模]Usually,sittingaroundthetable,allmembersofafamilyhasmealstogetheratmealtime.________________【技法点金】1．识别时态不一致文章前后是现在式但却用了过去式，或前后都是过去式却用了现在式，导致时态不一致。2．判断并列不一致在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and，or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。3．留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。4．注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式，谓语却采取复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的情况。5．牢记情态动词用法(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用。考点4非谓语动词形式错误[典例1][2021·全国卷甲]Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.考场思维：(1)语境含义：他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人说话。(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislikedoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“不喜欢做某事”。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我对妈妈说如果我们被强迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。(2)根据固定搭配解题：beforcedtodosth.“被迫做某事”。自主解答：________________【过关检测】1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]Itisrewardingtakeyourtimetoprepareforthecompetition.________________2．[2021·江西省重点中学协作体第二次联考]PleaseletmetoknowwhenyouwillbefreeandIwillbuytheticketsinadvance.________________3．[2021·南昌二模]Tosolvetheproblem,Iforcedmyselftoreadingeveryparagraphwithpatience,tryingtofollowtheplot.________________4．[2021·成都七中热身考试]Theywatchedhimwithinterest,laughedloudly.________________5．[2021·宿州市质量检测]AsfarasI'mconcerned,theactivitygetsustoknowabouttheuniversityandinspiringustoworkhard.________________6．[2021·焦作市三模]WhenIopenedthedoor,mymotherseemedtofeelalittleembarrassing.________________7．[2021·哈尔滨市第三中学第四次模拟]Feltextremelyguilty,Ireallyhopeyouwillacceptmysincereapology.________________8．[2021·江西省高三教学质量监测]Theyfindoutthecausessothattheywillavoidmadethesamemistake.________________9．[2021·焦作市第四次模拟]IhadatickettoashowIcouldn'tattendanylonger.Iwastryingtosellit,butIwashavingahardtimefindsomeonewhowouldpaythefullprice.________________10．[2021·贵州省适应性测试]Ithinkworkforanewspaperandreportingfromallovertheworldarereallyexciting.________________【技法点金】1．理清to的两种命题方式①多余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。②缺失：有些动词，如want,decide,plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。2．辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。3．搞清动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别动词ing形式表主动、进行；动词ed形式表被动、完成；动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物；而动词ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到……的”，常修饰人。4．掌握介词标志介词后一般需要跟名词或动词ing形式。5．注意主语或宾语形式主语或宾语常常使用动词ing形式或不定式。6．明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别介词to后接名词、代词或数词，构成介词短语；不定式符号to后接动词原形，构成不定式短语。考点5形容词和副词误用[典例1][2021·全国卷乙]What'smore，doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.考场思维：(1)语境含义：更重要的是，做家务是一种从学习中精神放松的形式。(2)形容词副词的误用。此处应用形容词mental修饰名词relaxation。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全国卷Ⅱ]I'msurelyyou'llhaveagoodtime.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我确信你会玩得很开心。(2)语境分析：系动词be后跟形容词作表语。自主解答：________________【过关检测】1．[2021·安徽“五校联盟”第二次联考]Whenshehadfinished,sheproudputhercakeintotheoventocook.________________2．[2021·南昌二模]Itprovidesmewithknowledge,andconvincesmeentirethatbeingaloneisnotlonely.________________3．[2021·广西4月模拟]NowI'vechangedalot.Ihavebecomeanenergyandpositivegirl.________________4．[2021·江西省质量监测]What'sworse,someevenloseheartandnolongerstudyasharderasbefore.________________5．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.________________6．[2021·焦作市三模]Theotherday,Iwenthomesolatelythatmymothercouldn'taffordtowaitmeanylonger.________________7．[2021·高三“五校联盟”第二次联考]Abouttenminuteslate,wesmeltsomethingburning.________________8．[2021·马鞍山市第三次质量监测]It'safamousparkinMa'anshan.Therefore,someofitsvisitorsleavegarbagebehind.________________1．明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。2．理清比较级、最高级的误用①原级和比较级混用。②比较级和最高级混用。③在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。④在没有最高级的词前误加most。3．关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地，猛烈地”，hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没有”；beside意为“在……旁边”，besides意为“另外”。4．看清重点连接副词误用however主要用于转折或对比，意思是“然而，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此，所以”。Test1[2021·昆明市“三诊一模”质量检测]October12thwasbigdayformyteamandme.WetakepartinabasketballtournamentforseniorstudentsinLancasterCounty.Someplayerswereabsentbecausehehadtotakeexams.Whatwasworse,therewerenosubstitutes.Theteamwhatweplayedagainstwaslastyear'stopone.Asastriker,Iplayedhardly.Later,IhadlittleenergythanbeforeandgotinjuredbecauseofIfelldown.Duringthepause,thecoachtoldusto“playwitheffortbutwisdom”.Then,Isavedmystrengthandlookedforgoodchancestoscoringmoregoals.Finally,Iscoredanotherfourpointandwasnamedthe“mostvaluableplayer”．Test2[2021·郑州市第二次质量检测]Theotherdaythemembersofourschool'sEnglishclubtaketheexchangestudentsintheirschooltovisittheCityCulturalCenter.Duringthevisit,theyappreciatedlargepictureexhibitionofourrichlocalcultureandsomeuniqueformofourlocalart.However,theywatchedavideoabouttheachievementswehadmadeinthepastfewcenturies.Theexchangestudentswereallamazedatourcolorculture,sayingthatthevisitwasreallyabigculturalfeastwiththem.Thevisitwasagreatlysuccessandtheywerequitesatisfiedwithit.Itwasnotonlyenrichedtheexchangestudents'life,butalsohelpedthemlearningmoreaboutChineseculture.Test3[2021·合肥市高三第二次检测]I'llneverforgetthelastwinterholidayinmyhometown.Onthewaytomygrandpa,myfatherdroveverycarefullyorslowlyalltheway,foritwassnowingheavily.Whenwearrived,mycousinMaomaograbbedmyarmatonce,invitingmecollectsnowwithourgrandpa.Wefeltnotalittleexcitedly.Afterawhile,intheyardwassomesnowmen,alllookfunny.“Look,here'sanothersnowman，”shoutedMaomao,joyfullyclappinghishand.Itwasourgrandpawhogreyhairwasblowinginthewind.Welaughed,whichmadeourgrandpaakindofawkward.HowIwishIcangobacktherethisyear!Test4[2021·成都市高中毕业班第一次诊断]ThepersonIrespectmostismyfather.Likeadoctor,heisalwaysbusywithwork.AfterIcouldremember,hehasneverspentawholeweekendstaywithme.Everyday,hewenttoworkbeforeIgetup,andcomesbackhomeafterIgotobed.Sotome,itdoesn'tmatteratall,becauseheisagreatheroinhismind.Hedevoteshimselfhispatients,andmanylifearesavedbyhim.Healwaystellsmewhatamanshouldhavedignity,honesty,honor,andthatmostofall,behelpfultoothers.Thisaffectsmedeep,soIamworkinghardinordertobeamanlikehiminthefuture.Test5[2021·昆明市高三“三诊一模”]Sometimesourclassmatestalkaboutthatwecandoforourschoolbeforegraduation.Wehavedifferentkindsofadvices.Somethinkitisagoodideadonatesomereferencebooksbutnotebookstotheschoollibrary.Bydoingso,thefellowstudentswillbeabletoreaditifnecessary.Othersthoughtitgoodtoplanttreesnexttoteachingbuildingstomaketheschoolmorebeautiful.Onmyopinion,wecandosomethingmeaningfullyinhonorofourschoollife.Fortheexample,wecandosomevoluntaryworkorsendtheschoolsomepicturesdrawingbyourselves,whichcanremindusofthegoldenmemories.Test6[2021·长春市高三质量监测一]MyparentsandIpaidavisittomygrandparentsinlastsummer.Afterthreehour'sdrive,wegottothevillage.Wewereexcitingtoseethemandchattedforquiteawhile.AndthenIgotothebackyardtopicksomevegetablesorfruitswithoutchemicalfertilizers.TheyweresofreshthatIcouldn'twaittotasteit.Afterdinner,wetookwalkalongthecountryroadlinedwithtreesandcrops.Thesoftwindwasblowngentlyandthesurroundingswerequietlyexceptforthesingingofbirds.Whatpeacefulthecountrylifewas!Test7[2021·贵阳市四校高三年级联考三]AnEnglishdramacompetitionwouldbeheldintheschoolarthallnextFriday.Anycreativeideaswhichisaboutschoollifeiswarmwelcomed.Youcan