《生物质颗粒的热反应分析综述》1500字

生物质颗粒的热反应分析综述针对不同的固相燃料，其热解特性、燃烧特性及反应动力学参数等是研究阴燃传播规律的基础数据ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zaman</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>313</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[30]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>313</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">313</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ZamanF</author><author>AkhtarN</author><author>GuanYP</author><author>HuangYQ</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>BeijingLaboratoryofBiomedicalMaterials,BeijingKeyLaboratoryofElectrochemicalProcessandTechnologyforMaterials,BeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology,Beijing100029,People’sRepublicofChina</auth-address><titles><title>ThermaldegradationkineticanalysisandconversionofAesculusindicatoporouscarbon</title><secondary-title>IndustrialCropsandProducts</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>IndustrialCropsandProducts</full-title></periodical><volume>153.</volume><keywords><keyword>Himalayanhorsechestnuts</keyword><keyword>Pyrolysis</keyword><keyword>Iso-conversionalmethods</keyword><keyword>Kineticparameters</keyword><keyword>Energystoragedevices</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>0926-6690</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[30]。热分析是在程序控制温度下，测量物质的物理性质与温度依赖关系的一类技术。常用的热分析方法有：差热分析（DTA）、热重法（TG）、导数热重法（DTG）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热机械分析（TMA）和动态热机械分析（DMA）等。热重分析（TGA）是研究多种材料热分解和降解反应动力学的一种常用而有效的方法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Aslan</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>328</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[31]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>328</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">328</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>AslanDI</author><author>OzogulB</author><author>CeylanS</author><author>GeyikciF</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>OndokuzMayısUniversity,FacultyofEngineering,ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,55139Kurupelit,Samsun,Turkey</auth-address><titles><title>ThermokineticanalysisandproductcharacterizationofMediumDensityFiberboardpyrolysis</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">105</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">-110</style></pages><volume>258</volume><keywords><keyword>MDF</keyword><keyword>Pyrolysis</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword><keyword>TG/DSC-FTIR</keyword><keyword>Py/GC-MS</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>0960-8524</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[31]。热重分析（TGA）是在程序控温下测量物质的质量随温度或时间的变化关系，燃烧或分解开始的温度可由TGA确定，另外可以通过热重曲线获得动力学参数ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[32,33]。GilADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gil</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>358</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[34]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>358</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">358</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GilMV</author><author>CasalD</author><author>PevidaC</author><author>PisJJ</author><author>RubieraF</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>InstitutoNacionaldelCarbón,CSIC,Apartado73,33080Oviedo,Spain</auth-address><titles><title>Thermalbehaviourandkineticsofcoal/biomassblendsduringco-combustion</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>5601-5608</pages><volume>101</volume><number>14</number><keywords><keyword>Biomass</keyword><keyword>Coal</keyword><keyword>Co-combustion</keyword><keyword>TG</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>0960-8524</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[34]采用热重分析（TGA）对煤、松木屑及其混合物在燃烧条件下的热特性和动力学进行了研究，发现松木屑燃烧分两步进行，挥发分在200~360°C之间释放并燃烧，炭燃烧在360~490°C之间进行，而煤只有一个燃烧阶段，在315~615°C之间。BoukaousADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Boukaous</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>326</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[35]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>326</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">326</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>BoukaousN</author><author>AbdelouahedL</author><author>ChikhiM</author><author>MeniaiAH</author><author>MohabeerC</author><author>BecharaT</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>LaboratoiredeSécuritédesProcédésChimiquesLSPC-4704,INSARouen,UNIROUEN,NormandieUniv.,76000Rouen,France;boukaous.nourelhouda@insa-rouen.fr(N.B.);chikirsha.mohabeer@insa-rouen.fr(C.M.);bechara.taouk@insa-rouen.fr(T.B.);;FacultédeGéniedesProcédésUniversitédeConstantine3,25000Constantine,Algeria;chikhi_mustapha@yahoo.fr(M.C.);meniai@yahoo.fr(A.-H.M.)</auth-address><titles><title>Combustionofflaxshives,beechwood,purewoodypseudo-componentsandtheirchars:Athermalandkineticstudy</title><secondary-title>Energies</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Energies</full-title></periodical><volume>11(8).</volume><keywords><keyword>Biomass</keyword><keyword>Combustion</keyword><keyword>Thermogravimetricanalysis</keyword><keyword>Kineticparameters</keyword><keyword>Thermalcharacteristics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[35]采用热重分析方法研究了亚麻柴、山毛榉木、半纤维素、纤维素、木质素及它们炭化物的燃烧特性，基于特征温度（着火温度、最高温度和最终温度）、燃尽时间和最大速率分析了其热行为，利用Coats-Redfern法确定了不同材料的燃烧动力学参数。WangADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>320</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[36]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>320</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">320</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WangT</author><author>FuTM</author><author>ChenK</author><author>ChengRS</author><author>ChenS</author><author>LiuJX</author><author>MeiM</author><author>LiJP</author><author>XueYJ</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>SchoolofEnvironmentalEngineering,WuhanTextileUniversity,Wuhan430073,China;;EngineeringResearchCentreforCleanProductionofTextileDyeingandPrinting,MinistryofEducation,WuhanTextileUniversity,Wuhan430073,China;;StateKeyLaboratoryofSilicateMaterialsforArchitectures,WuhanUniversityofTechnology,Wuhan,Hubei430070,China</auth-address><titles><title>Co-combustionbehaviorofdyeingsludgeandricehuskbyusingTG-MS:Thermalconversion,gasevolution,andkineticanalyses</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><volume>311.</volume><keywords><keyword>Dyeingsludge</keyword><keyword>Ricehusk</keyword><keyword>Co-combustion</keyword><keyword>GasEmissions</keyword><keyword>Kinetic</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>0960-8524</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[36]利用热重-质谱分析法研究了添加稻壳对印染污泥燃烧过程中燃烧性能、气体产物和动力学的影响，以改善废油发电过程。SinghADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>K</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>316</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[37]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>316</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">316</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>SinghRK</author><author>PandeyD</author><author>PatilT</author><author>SawarkarAN</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Pyrolysisofbananaleavesbiomass:Physico-chemicalcharacterization,thermaldecompositionbehavior,kineticandthermodynamicanalyses</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><volume>310.</volume><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>0960-8524</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[37]通过非等温热重实验对香蕉叶生物质的热降解过程进行了研究，确定了活化能、指前因子、反应模型和热动力学参数。BarzegarADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Barzegar</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>314</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[38]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>314</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">314</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>BarzegarR</author><author>YozgatligilA</author><author>OlgunH</author><author>AtimtayAT</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,UniversitelerMahallesi,DumlupinarBulvariNo:1,Ankara06800,Turkey;;EgeUniversity,SolarEnergyInstitute,Bornova,İzmir,Turkey;;EnvironmentalEngineeringDepartment,MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,UniversitelerMahallesi,DumlupinarBulvariNo:1,Ankara06800,Turkey</auth-address><titles><title>TGAandkineticstudyofdifferenttorrefactionconditionsofwoodbiomassunderairandoxy-fuelcombustionatmospheres</title><secondary-title>JournaloftheEnergyInstitute</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournaloftheEnergyInstitute</full-title></periodical><pages>889-898</pages><volume>93</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Torrefiedbiomass</keyword><keyword>Oxy-fuelcombustion</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword><keyword>TGA</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1743-9671</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[38]在空气和富氧条件下对烘干松木屑燃烧进行了热重分析和动力学分析，采用FWO、KAS和Friedman方法估算了表观活化能，发现在空气和富氧条件下，活化能的变化趋势类似，但活化能值的变化很小。1.1热反应动力学理论假设描述化学反应速率常数随温度变化关系的阿伦尼乌斯（Arrhenius）公式可用于热分析反应，则反应速率常数为： (1-1)式中，为反应速率常数，s-1；为频率因子，s-1；为活化能，J/mol；为摩尔气体常数，；为温度，K。反应动力学方程为： (1-2)式中，为动力学机理函数，表示物质反应速率与转化率之间的某种函数关系；为转化率，定义如下： (1-3)式中，为试样的初始质量；为试样在时刻的质量；为试样反应结束后的质量。将式(1-1)带入式(1-2)中，得到： (1-4)定义温升速率： (1-5)将代入式(1-5)，并对其进行积分得： (1-6) (1-7)其中为转换率的积分形式；为温度的积分形式，没有特解，采用数值逼近法求解。目前常用的如表1-1所示ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>冉景煜</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>362</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[39]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>362</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">362</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>冉景煜</author><author>曾艳</author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">张力</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">，等</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address>重庆大学能源与环境研究所;</auth-address><titles><title>几种典型农作物生物质的热解及动力学特性</title><secondary-title>重庆大学学报</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>重庆大学学报</full-title></periodical><pages>76-81</pages><volume>32</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>生物质</keyword><keyword>热解特性</keyword><keyword>动力学</keyword><keyword>热重分析</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year></dates><isbn>1000-582X</isbn><call-num>50-1044/N</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[39]，本文选用化学反应模型。表1-1常用的固体反应动力学机理函数Table1-1Commonlyusedsolidreactionkineticsmechanismfunction反应机理符号G(α)化学反应n=1F1-ln(1-α)n=2F2(1-α)-1-1n=3F3[(1-α)-2-1]/2扩散一维扩散D1α2二维扩散D2α+(1-α)ln(1-α)三维扩散D3[1-(1-α)1/3]2Ginstling-Brounshtein方程D41-2α/3-(1-α)2/3相界反应一维R1α二维R21-(1-α)1/2三维R31-(1-α)1/3随机成核及增长二维A2[-ln(1-α)]1/2三维A3[-ln(1-α)]1/3指数成核幂次法则，n=1/2P2α1/2幂次法则，n=1/3P3α1/3幂次法则，n=1/4P4α1/4目前已经有很多用于计算动力学参数的经验模型，等转化率法和模型拟合法是两类主要的方法。1.2等转化率法等转化率法可以在没有任何特定形式的反应模型的情况下求解动力学参数，是计算反应活化能最可靠的方法，被国际热分析和量热法联合会动力学委员会高度推荐ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[40,41]。然而，等转化率法需要不同加热速率下的实验数据来确定动力学参数。本文采用KAS法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lopez-Velazquez</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>350</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[42]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>350</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">350</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lopez-VelazquezMA</author><author>SantesV</author><author>BalmasedaJ</author><author>Torres-GarciaE</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Depto.deBiocienciaseIngeniería,CIIEMAD,InstitutoPolitécnicoNacional,Calle30dejuniode1520,Col.BarriolaLagunaTicomán,GustavoA.Madero,México,D.F.07340,Mexico;;Departamentodepolímeros,InstitutodeInvestigacionesenMateriales,UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico,México,D.F.C.P.04510,Mexico;;InstitutoMexicanodelPetróleo,EjeCentral#152,México,D.F.07730,Mexico</auth-address><titles><title>Pyrolysisoforangewaste:Athermo-kineticstudy</title><secondary-title>JournalofAnalyticalandAppliedPyrolysis</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAnalyticalandAppliedPyrolysis</full-title></periodical><pages>170-177</pages><volume>99</volume><keywords><keyword>Pyrolysisoforangewaste</keyword><keyword>Bio-energetic</keyword><keyword>Ligno-cellulosic</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword><keyword>TGA–FTIR</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>0165-2370</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[42]，FWO法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ozawa</Author><Year>1965</Year><RecNum>388</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[43]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>388</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">388</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>OzawaT</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anewmethodofanalyzingthermogravimetricdata</title><secondary-title>BulletinoftheChemicalSocietyofJapan</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BulletinoftheChemicalSocietyofJapan</full-title></periodical><pages>1811-+</pages><volume>38</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>1965</year></dates><isbn>1348-0634</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[43]和Friedmanmethod法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Friedman</Author><Year>1964</Year><RecNum>389</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[44]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>389</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">389</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>FriedmanHL</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Kineticsofthermaldegradationofchar‐formingplasticsfromthermogravimetry.Applicationtoaphenolicplastic</title><secondary-title>JournalofPolymerSciencePartC-PolymerSymposium</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofPolymerSciencePartC-PolymerSymposium</full-title></periodical><pages>183-&</pages><volume>6</volume><dates><year>1964</year></dates><isbn>0449-2994</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[44]计算动力学参数。根据等转化率原则，在一定的转化率下，生物质热解反应速率是温度的函数ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>336</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[45]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>336</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">336</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WangSR</author><author>DaiGX</author><author>YangHP</author><author>LuoZY</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StateKeyLaboratoryofCleanEnergyUtilization,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China;;StateKeyLaboratoryofCoalCombustion,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Wuhan430074,China</auth-address><titles><title>Lignocellulosicbiomasspyrolysismechanism:Astate-of-the-artreview</title><secondary-title>ProgressinEnergyandCombustion