2024年清华大学中学生学术能力测试英语试卷真题（含答案详解）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页标准学术能力诊断性测试2024年12月测试英语试卷本试卷共150分第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInThailand,human-elephantconflictisincreasing.Tolocalfarmers,elephantsthreatentheirsafetyandeconomiclivelihood.BringtheElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganizationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinharmony,benefitingfromeachother’existence.BTEH’projectsrootinlocalcommunities.Theirworkischaracterizedbythreeprinciples:localinvolvement,ahealthyecology,andbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously(同时地).Theyleadtoshareddecisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,sustainability,andapeacefulcoexistenceofpeopleandanimals.AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowtomaketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheTomYumProjectcomesintobeing.ThenameoftheTomYumProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.Theingredients(原料)forthesouparechili,garlic,lemongrass,andonion—noneofwhichareattractivetoelephants.Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.Theprojectworksinthefollowingsteps.Step1Thecommunity-runTomYumTreeNurserycreatesalternativecropseedlingsStep2Workingtogether,farmersplant,waterandmaintainalternativecrops.Step3Regenerative,pesticide-free(无农药)farmingbenefitsbiodiversity.Step4Farmersharvestcropsandcreateorganicproductsineco-friendlypackaging.Step5Consumersmakeadifferencebybuyingproductstocreatedemandforthissolution.Step6Profitsareusedtorestoreelephanthabitatandsupportlocalfarmers.TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.Now,somesimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutinSriLanka.1．WhatistheprimarymissionofBTEH?A．Tocatchandrelocateelephants. B．Toensurehuman-elephantcoexistence.C．TopromotetourisminThailand. D．Toprovidefoodandresourcestolocalfarmers.2．HowcanconsumerscontributetothesuccessoftheTomYumProject?A．Theycanprovidegovernmentassistance.B．Theycanpurchaseproductsfromtheproject.C．Theycandecreasetheelephantpopulation.D．Theycanreducetheirconsumptionofagriculturalproducts.3．TomYumProjectaimstobenefitbothlocalfarmersandelephantsby________.A．providingfinancialaidtofarmers B．teachingfarmershowtocookThaifoodC．minimizinghuman-elephantconflict D．increasingthenumberofelephantsinthearea4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheTomYumProject’sapproach?A．Costlybutappealing. B．Demandingandunreliable.C．Innovativeandsustainable. D．Ineffectivebuttime-consuming.BEleveno’clockatnightsawalargewomanwithalargepursewalkingalone,whenaboyranupbehindandtriedtosnatch(抢夺)herpurse.Buttheboylosthisbalanceandfellonhisback.Thewomanpickedhimupfirmlybyhisshirtfront.“Aren’tyouashamedofyourself?”shoutedthewoman.Twoorthreepeoplepassed,stopped,andstoodwatching.“I’mverysorry,lady.I’msorry,”whisperedtheskinnylittleboy,inbrokentennisshoes.“Um-hum!Andyourfaceisdirty,”saidthelargewomandraggingthefrightenedboy.“Sinceyouputyourselfincontactwithme,youaregoingtorememberMrs.LuellaJones.”Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegottoherdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside.“What’syourname?”thewomanasked.“Roger,”answeredtheboyinalowvoice.“Then,Roger,yougotothatsinkandwashyourface,”orderedthewomanandfinallyletgoofhim.“Yougonnatakemetojail(监狱)?”askedRoger,bendingoverthesink.“Notwiththatface,”saidMrs.Jones.“Ibelieveyouwerehungrytosnatchmypurse.”“Iwantedapairofblueshoes,”repliedtheboy.Therewasalongpause.Afterhehaddriedhisface,theboyturnedaround.Thedoorwasopen.Hecouldrun!Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy’smouthopened.ThenMrs.Joneswenttodothecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewasgoingtorun,nordidshewatchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingaboutwherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,astheyate,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotelshopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthimanotherpieceofhercake.Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid,“Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblueshoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfeet.”Sheledhimtothefrontdoor.“Goodnight!Behaveyourself,son!”shesaid,lookingoutintothestreet.5．HowdidMrs.JonesreactaftercatchingRoger?A．Shecalledthepolice. B．Shescoldedhimseriously.C．Sheignoredhim. D．Shetookhimhome.6．Rogerfelt________whenhearingMrs.Jone’spast.A．scared B．impatient C．calm D．shocked7．WhatmightRogerhavelearnedfromhisencounterwithMrs.Jones?A．Crimeisneverjustified. B．Peoplecanbeunderstanding.C．Strongpeopleareintimidating. D．Moneyistheonlysolution.CTimeisoneofhumanity’sgreatestblindspots.Weexperienceitasdays,monthsoryears.Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deeptime”.Human’sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.Takeforestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeventhemildestforestfires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforestmanagementstrategiesindigenous(土著的)communitieshadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticulartheapplicationofsmall-scalecontrolledburns.Fire,itturnsout,hasalwaysbeenanintegralingredientinhealthyforestecosystems,promotingnewgrowthbythinningtheunderstory.Today,wearebeginningtoseewidespreadapplicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwayisthroughmodernmathematicalmodeling.Wehavemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdataanddiscoveredapossiblewaytopreservetheecosystemofCalifornia’skelpforest.ByexamininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlongbeforethe19thcentury,wefoundthatwehaveignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies—theSteller’sSeacow,anditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem.Ourmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompetingforlightandspaceontheseafloor.Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththeSteller’sSeacowaddedin.Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthatincludedtheSteller’sSeacow,wecouldseeamorediverseforestwheretheunderstorycompetedbetterwithkelp.Inshort,whatweassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmayimpedeourabilitytofullyunderstandandprotectit.Toensurethatourboldestconservationeffortsaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool.8．Whatisamajorbarriertoeffectiveconservationefforts,accordingtothepassage?A．Thegrowingbiodiversitycrisis.B．Hesitationtoadoptadeeptimeviewpoint.C．Insufficientunderstandingofdeeptime.D．Unawarenessofmanagementtechniques.9．Whatdoes“keystonespecies”mostlikelymeaninparagraph3?A．Aspeciesthatisatthetopofthefoodchain.B．Aspeciesthatisrarelyfoundinanecosystem.C．Aspeciesthatisinvasiveandharmfultotheenvironment.D．Aspeciesthatplaysacrucialroleinmaintainingthestructureofanecosystem.10．Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat________.A．theneglectoftheSteller’sSeacowcausedecologicaldisruptionB．theSteller’sSeacowspromotedgrowthintheunderstoryC．there’sacurrentemphasisonpreventingfiresinsteadofusingcontrolledburnsD．mathematicalmodelingismoreimportantthantraditionalknowledge11．Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?A．Thenegativeeffectsofmodernforestmanagementpractices.B．Theroleofindigenousknowledgeinecosystemmanagement.C．Thesignificanceofclimatechangeonbiodiversity.D．Theimportanceofunderstandinghistoricalecosystemsforconservation.DWhenwasthelasttimeyoulistenedtosomeone?Andwhenwasthelasttimesomeonereallylistenedtoyou?Ionceaskedpeoplewhatitmeanttobeagoodlistener.Thetypicalresponsewasablankstare.Ofcourse,technologyplaysarole.Peoplefindphonecallsinterruptingthem,preferringtextorwordlessemoji.Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.Youcanjoinclubstoperfectyourpublicspeaking,butwhoattemptstoachieveexcellenceinlistening?Theloudunpleasantmixtureofsoundsofmodernlifealsostopsusfromlistening.Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhattheysayisrelatedtoyou.It’snotaboutmerelyholdingyourpeacewhilesomeoneelseholdsforth.Quitetheopposite.Alotoflisteninghastodowithhowyourespond—thedegreetowhichyoufacilitatetheclearexpressionofanotherperson’sthoughtsand,intheprocess,haveaclearmindofyourown.Goodlistenersaskgoodquestions.Theyengageinexploringthetopic,nottodivertattention.Therearecuriousquestionslike“Wouldn’tyouagree...?”or“Don’tyouthink...?”Thesequestionshavestrongtendencies.Theywillgreatlyinfluencetheotherpersontochangehisorherview.Andyou’dbetterstayawayfromsomepersonalquestionslike“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”or“Whatpartoftowndoyoulivein?”Justtrytofindoutwhatexcitespeople.Askaboutthelastmovietheysaworforthestorybehindapieceofjewelrythey’rewearing.Alsogoodareexpansivequestions,suchas,“Ifyoucouldspendamonth,wherewouldyougo?”Researchindicatesthatwhenpeoplewhodon’tknoweachotherwellaskeachotherthistypeofquestion,theyfeelmoreconnectedthaniftheyspendtimetogetherachievingatask.Becauseourbraincanthinkalotfasterthanpeoplecantalk,becarefulwiththetendencytotakementalsidetrapswhenyouarelistening.Smartpeople’sattentioniseasilytakenawaybytheirownrunawaythoughts.Theymayalsoassumetheyalreadyknowwhattheotherpersonisgoingtosay.Therewardofgoodlisteningwillcertainlybemoreinterestingconversations.Researchershavefoundthatattentivelistenersreceivemoreinformationfromspeakers,evenwhentheydon’taskanyquestions.Weare,eachofus,thesumofwhatweattendtoinlife.Thegentlevoiceofamotherandthecriticismofabossbothultimatelyformandshapeus.Andtolistenpoorly,selectivelyornotatalllimitsyourunderstandingoftheworldandpreventsyoufrombecomingthebestyoucanbe.12．Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaffectourabilitytolisteneffectively?A．Schoolsignoreteachinglisteningskills.B．Peopleprefertextingovermakingphonecalls.C．Thereisadeclineinourconfidenceregardinglistening.D．Thesoundswemakecontributetoanoisyenvironment.13．Paragraph3emphasizesthat________.A．individualsshouldensuretheyareunderstoodB．effectivelisteningisamulti-facetedprocessC．thereasonsbehindthedeclineoflisteningskillsD．conversationcontextismoreimportantthanlisteningitself14．Peopleshould________whilelistening.A．bepresentwiththeirmind B．proposesomecreativequestionsC．concentrateonthespeaker’spersonaldetails D．discoversharedinterestswiththespeaker15．Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat________.A．effectivelisteningwillnotdowithoutquestionsB．aclearmindinlistenersenhancesthespeaker’sclarityC．effectivelistenersgainsignificantbenefitsD．bothlisteningandspeakingrequireequalfocus第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese(肥胖的).16.Obesityisalsoassociatedwithalowerlifequalityandpoormentalhealth.Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,here’sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.17.Itinvolvesrecordingwhattheyconsume,andhowmuch.Thetheoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,you’llmakehealthierdecisions.Canitreallybethateasy?There’snodoubtthatdietaryself-monitoringhasbeenshowntohelploseweight.18.Studyshowsthemoreoftenyoulogyoureating,themoreweightyoumightlose.Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwhoparticipatedina24-weekweightcontrolprogram.19.Thefindingsdemonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecordtheirfoodintakedailyfor24weekslostmoreweightcomparedtothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout3timesaday.Incomparison,thosewhorecordedlessdailylostlessweight.Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossiftheyrecordedtheirdietaryintakeaboutthreetimesaday,ratherthanrecordingalloftheirmealsinonesitting.20.Dietaryself-monitoringcanbeperformedindifferentways—usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phoneapplications.Itisimportanttofindwhatworksforyou.A．Dietary“self-monitoring”isacommonstrategyB．TheyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintakeusinganonlineprogramC．DailydietaryintakeisaverycrucialfactorD．Dietaryself-monitoringcanbecomplexE．ObesepeopleareatincreasedriskofmanyseriousdiseasesF．Agoodprincipletofollowmaybe“writewhenyoubite”G．However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthistakesorhowoftenitshouldbedone第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JimGlaubandhiswifejustmovedintotheirnewManhattanapartmentwhenthehouseownersaidsomethingcurious:“LetterstoSantacometotheapartment.Ithasbeencomingforyearsandnooneknowswhy.”TheninthemonthsleadingtoChristmas,lettersfromkidsorparentstoSantacamein,askingforgiftstheycouldnototherwise.Glaubandhiswifeasmanyastheycould,writing,evenbuyinggifts.Buttheycoulddoonlysomuch.Onenight,whenthecouplethrewaChristmasparty,aappeared.Thegueststhehundredsoflettersandaskedaboutthem.“Itoldthemthestory,”Glaubsaid.Hisguestswerevery.“Alotofpeoplewerelike,I’lltakealetter.I’llfulfillit.”AndsowasbornMiracle,acommunity-basedvolunteerthatrepliestochildren’sletterstoSanta.Glaubfamiliesfromaroundthecountrytogoonlineandgiftsfortheirchildren.Meanwhile,donorscansignuptobuygiftsforachildorfamily,byasignednote.Lastyear,Glaubandtheorganizationhelpedmorethan800.Glaubnolongertriestofigureoutwhytheletterscometotheapartment.Puttinginthelonghourstothefamiliesiswhatit’sallaboutforhim.21．A．precious B．patient C．previous D．particular22．A．addressed B．provided C．decorated D．complained23．A．rolling B．flooding C．pulling D．absorbing24．A．afford B．like C．appreciate D．obtain25．A．tookup B．calledon C．headedto D．respondedto26．A．notes B．concerns C．pleasures D．responsibilities27．A．friend B．solution C．belief D．harvest28．A．noticed B．reflected C．published D．received29．A．bitter B．guilty C．unexpected D．interested30．A．company B．committee C．organization D．studio31．A．commanded B．invited C．pushed D．urged32．A．request B．show C．cover D．determine33．A．attracted B．accompanied C．assigned D．operated34．A．volunteers B．assistants C．families D．donors35．A．save B．maintain C．gather D．help第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。XixiNationalWetlandPark,36(cover)10squarekilometersinwesternHangzhou,isthefirstnationalwetlandparkinChina.Combininglife,nature,andwetlands37(make)theparkapopulardestinationbothfortouristsandlocalresidents.AtXixi,takingaboattour,walkingalongpaths,and38(experience)customsandtraditionsofthevillagesinthisparkareatthetoplistofpeople’sfavorite39(activity).Withtrees,bushes,and40(color)flowersgrowingalongtheriversides,theparkshowsdifferentsidesofbeautyindifferentseasons.Inordertobetterdevelopaswellaspreservethisplace,limitinghumanimpactonXixiWetland41(consider)bytheparkdesigners.Allthenewbuildingsweredesignedinatraditionalway42(fit)intotheoriginalenvironment.Thisgreen,wateryworldishome43manybirdsandfishes.Withtreesgrowingintheshallows,thewetlandisa44(nature)systemforprovidingcleanwaterandproducingoxygen,45makesitthe“greenlungsofHangzhou”.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节书面表达（满分15分）46．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，暑假在伦敦学习。你得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览，非常感兴趣，请写一封信申请当志愿讲解员。内容包括：1.申请理由；2.表达感谢。注意：1.写作词数为100词左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearSir/Madam,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节短文续写（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Iwrestledhertothegroundforthekeys,literally.Indeed,whensheopenedthedoortoleavethehouseat11p.m.forthemoviesdespitemywords,Iactuallywrestledmy16-year-olddaughtertotheground.Ididnotknowhowtodealwitharebellious(叛逆的)teenager.Weareafamilyofstrongwills,fromthetopdown.Allmykidshadpushedandargued.Everyone“kindof”followedtherules.Astheygotolder,especiallywhentheyhithighschool,Isawthepowershifting,butithadn’tbeensoobvious.Ihadnotseenmuchin-your-facerebellion.Untilthishappened.IcalledAmySpeidel,awiseandpracticalparentingexpert.Shestayedonthephonewithmeandlistenedtomywildcomplaintaboutmydisrespectfulkid.Shelistenedforalmosttwohoursandthengavemesomesuggestions.Amytoldmethatmydaughter’sbehaviorwas“developmentallyappropriate”—shewassupposedtotesttheboundaries.Amyalsosaidthatitwasgreatthatmydaughterwouldbeabletostandupforherselfinarelationshipthatwasn’tworking.Thosecommentsreallymademefeelawful.Ihadn’tconsideredanythingpositiveaboutherbehavior—butoutsideofourmother-daughterrelationship,Iwouldneverwanttodevaluemydaughter’sstrongwill.AftertalkingwithAmy,IrealizedthatIwastheonewhoneededhelpunderstandingdisciplinevscontrol.Honestly,Ididhatethattheresponsibilitywasonme.Iwantedpermissiontoscreamandpunish.ButIlistenedtoAmyandhere’swhatIlearned.1.Mydaughter’sbehaviorwasnormal.ThateasedmyfearsthatIhadraisedaterriblehumanandfailedasamother.2.Mydaughter’sstrongpersonalitywasastrength.Thatrevelationwasahugegift.Ivalueherqualitiesbutdon’twantthemusedagainstme.Iwillsoftenmyresponseandlistentoher.3.Iwentcrazy.Infact,Icrossedaline.Andthathappens.ButIlearnedtoapologizeandresetsothatwecouldmoveforward.注意：续写词数应为150左右。AfterreflectingonAmy’sadvice,IrealizedthatIneededtochangemyapproach.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Astimewenton,withsomechangesImade,Amyalsochangedherperspectiveondiscipline.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．B2．B3．C4．C【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了TomYum这一项目，其目的是为了降低种植园对大象的吸引力，并阻止它们进入农场，从而促进人类和大象的和谐共存。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“BringtheElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganizationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinharmony,benefitingfromeachother’existence.(把大象带回家（BTEH）是一个非营利组织，其使命是增加大象的生存机会，并致力于建立一个人和大象可以和谐相处、从彼此的存在中受益的世界。)”可知，BTEH的首要任务是建立一个人和大象和谐相处的世界，是为了确保人和大象的共存。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中Step5“Consumersmakeadifferencebybuyingproductstocreatedemandforthissolution.(消费者通过购买产品来创造对这种解决方法的需求，从而一定的做出贡献。)”可知，消费者可以通过购买其产品来促进项目的成功。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowtomaketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheTomYumProjectcomesintobeing.(一群BTEH的研究人员和当地农民志愿者正在试验如何降低种植园对大象的吸引力，并阻止它们进入农场。因此，TomYum项目应运而生。)”、第四段中“Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.(这个项目为泰国解决人象冲突的替代作物带来了希望)”和以及最后一段“TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.(TomYum项目是第一个以研究和社区为基础的替代作物种植倡议，旨在促进人类和大象的共存。)”可知，TomYum项目通过降低种植园对大象的吸引力，从而将人和大象的冲突最小化，促进人象共存。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.(TomYum项目是第一个以研究和社区为基础的替代作物种植倡议，旨在促进人类和大象的共存。)”可知，TomYum项目是第一个研究和社区为基础的替代作物种植倡议，因此它是创新的；且它的目的是为了促进人类和大象的共存，因此它是可持续的。故选C。5．D6．D7．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个深夜，一个胖女人遭遇小偷抢包，最后她并未报警，反而带小偷回家，给他洗净脸，还给了他十美元买鞋。在交流过程中，女人讲述了自己年轻时的经历，教育小偷不要走上错误的道路。最后，她将小偷送出门口，告诫他要好好做人。文章通过这个故事传递了关爱和教育的力量。5．细节理解题。根据第五段“Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegottoherdoor,shedraggedtheboyinside.(他开始挣扎，但琼斯太太继续拖着他沿街走。当她走到门口时，她把男孩拖了进去)”可知，琼斯太太抓住罗杰后，把他带回家了。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy’smouthopened.(过了一会儿，女人说：“我曾经年轻过，想要得不到的东西。我也做过一些我不会告诉别人的事，孩子。”又是一阵长时间的沉默。男孩张了张嘴)”可知，罗杰听到琼斯夫人的过去后，张着嘴说不出话，说明他感到震惊。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“Afterawhilethewomansaid,“IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingstoo,whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son.”Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy’smouthopened.(过了一会儿，女人说：“我曾经年轻过，想要得不到的东西。我也做过一些我不会告诉别人的事，孩子。”又是一阵长时间的沉默。男孩张了张嘴)”可知，琼斯夫人和罗杰分享了自己的过去，从而想要表示自己能够理解他的犯罪行为，故推测罗杰从与琼斯夫人的相遇中明白了人们可以彼此理解。故选B。8．B9．D10．B11．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人类对时间的短视如何限制了对生态系统的理解和保护，并通过森林管理和海藻森林的例子，说明了深度时间视角的重要性，强调应把深度时间视为保护生态系统的重要工具。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deeptime”.Human’sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.(但大自然在更大的尺度上发挥作用，以世纪为单位，甚至是通常被归类为“深度时间”的更长的阶段。人类在时间上的短视对现代环境保护造成了重大限制)”可知，文章称，不愿采用深度时间观是有效保护措施的主要障碍。故选B项。9．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的下文“theSteller’sSeacow,anditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem(斯特拉海牛，以及它在维持生态系统和谐方面的作用)”和下一段中“Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththeSteller’sSeacowaddedin.Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.(然后我们再次运行模型，但这次加入了斯特拉海牛。这些哺乳动物以上层海藻层的叶子为食。这使得光线能够到达海底，这反过来不仅刺激了海藻的生长，还刺激了其他生物的生长)”可知，斯特拉海牛属于画线部分所指的对象，这种哺乳动物的饮食习惯使得海底的生态系统得以良性地发展。对比所给选项可知，画线部分意为“在维持生态系统结构中起关键作用的物种”。故选D项。10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thesemammalsfedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.(这些哺乳动物以上层海藻层的叶子为食。这使得光线能够到达海底，这反过来不仅刺激了海藻的生长，还刺激了其他生物的生长)”可推知，斯特拉海牛促进了下层植被的生长。故选B项。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.(随着气候和生物多样性危机的加速，我们正在紧急地努力保护和恢复生态系统，而不了解它们在真正运转良好时是如何运作的。深度时间视角可以帮助改变这一点)”和最后一段中“Toensurethatourboldestconservationeffortsaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool.(为了确保我们最大胆的保护努力取得成功，我们必须开始把时间视为一个必不可少的工具)”可知，文章围绕在生态系统保护中运用深度时间的必要性展开，首先指出人类对时间的短视限制了对生态系统的理解和保护，然后通过森林管理和海藻森林的例子，说明深度时间视角很重要，最后强调应把深度时间视为保护生态系统的重要工具。因此，这篇文章的主要焦点是了解历史生态系统对保护的重要性。故选D项。12．C13．B14．A15．C【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失落的倾听艺术，分析了导致倾听艺术遗失的一些因素、好的倾听者所具有的一些特点和倾听所带来的潜在好处。12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Peoplefindphonecallsinterruptingthem,preferringtextorwordlessemoji.Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.Youcanjoinclubstoperfectyourpublicspeaking,butwhoattemptstoachieveexcellenceinlistening?Theloudunpleasantmixtureofsoundsofmodernlifealsostopsusfromlistening.(人们发现电话会打扰他们，因此更喜欢发短信或无文字的表情符号。此外，学校和大学很少提供认真倾听的课程或活动。你可以加入俱乐部来完善你的公共演讲，但谁会试图在听力方面取得卓越的成就呢？现在生活中嘈杂而令人不快的混合声音也让我们无法聆听。)”可知，影响人们认真倾听的原因包括：比起打电话，人们更喜欢发短信；学校里没有提供认真倾听的课程；现实生活中嘈杂而令人不快的声音。因此不包括C项“我们对听力（能力）的信心有所下降。”，故选C。13．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhat