合肥七中2024高三（上）第四次质检（英语）试卷

合肥七中2024高三（上）第四次质检（英语）试卷第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.What'stheweatherlikenow?A.Sunny. B.Rainy. C.Cloudy.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers. B.Businesspartners. C.Friends.3.Whenwillthespeakersgetthere?A.At9:45a.m. B.At9:30a.m. C.At9:15a.m.4.Whywasthewomanlate?A.Shemissedthetaxi. B.Thetaxihadanaccident. C.Shegotinjured.5.Whowillbeginthelecture?A.Dr.White. B.Dr.Hopkins. C.Prof.Pears.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或读白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。Wherearethespeakers?A.Inahotel. B.Intheman'soffice. C.Inapostoffice.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Fetchanenvelope. B.Sendsomepapersbyfax. C.Godownstairs.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatshapeofglassesdoesthemanrecommend?A.Square. B.Round. C.Heart-shaped.9.Whichglassesaretheleastpopular?A.Theredones. B.Thegoldones. C.Thepurpleones.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthemangotothewoman?A.Toborrowbooks. B.Tosubmithiswork. C.Toaskfortimeextension.11.Whosebookisthemanreadingnow?A.Oliver's. B.Andrew's. C.Billy's.12.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Designasurvey. B.Analyzeresearchdata. C.Interviewspecialists.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whereisthemanfrom?A.Canada. B.TheUK. C.TheUSA.14.Whatdoesthemansayaboutbankholidays?A.Peopledon'tdealwithbusinessonthesedays.B.Thebanksdon'topenonthesedays.C.Thebankservicesarefreeonthesedays.15.HowdopeoplecelebrateShakespeareDay?A.Enjoyarelatedmovie. B.Holdaspecialparty. C.RecordShakespeare'swords.16.WhendidthemanlastcelebrateShakespeareDay?A.Twoyearsago. B.Lastyear. C.Lastmonth.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatwasthecauseofthedisaster?A.Toomuchrainfall. B.Astreamofmud. C.Overflowingrivers.18.Whatwerepeopledoingwhenthedisasterhitthearea?A.Working. B.Sleeping. C.Traveling.19.Howmanysoldiersandpoliceofficerscametopeople'srescue?A.Over100. B.Over200. C.Over1,000.20.Whatmighttheroadconditionsleadto?A.Thedifficultyinreachingthetrapped.B.Thepossibilityofcreatinganxiety.C.Theshortageoffoodandsupplies.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AChanceplayedamajorroleinsomeoftheworld’sgreatinventions,fromAnaesthesiatoBrandy.Anaesthesia

Inventor:

HoraceWells

Year:

1844

WhatHappened:

Initssaladdays,N₂Owasstrictlyapartytoy,sinceitmadepeoplehowllikehyenas(土狼).Butafriendofthedentisttooktoomuchofthestuffatalaughing-gasstageshowandcuthisleg.However,thefriendhadn’trealizedhe’dhurthimself.Asaresult,Nitrousoxidebecameanearlyformofanaesthesia.

Saccharin

Inventors:

ConstantinFahlbergandIraRemsen

Year:

1879

WhatHappened:

Afterspendingthedaystudyingcoaltar(沥青)byproducts,FahlberglefthisJohnsHopkinslaboratoryandwenttodinner.Somethingheatetastedparticularlysweet,whichhetracedtoachemicalcompoundhe’dspilledonhishand.Bestofall,itcontainednoenergycontent.Asaresult,hecutRemsenandtheuniversityoutofmillionsofdollarswhenhesecretlypatentedthebreakthroughdiscovery,saccharin.

SillyPutty

Inventor:

JamesWright

Year:

1943

WhatHappened:

Duringthewaryears,theGeneralElectricengineercombinedC6H18OSi2andHBrO3inanattempttofindacheapalternativetorubberfortankfootboard(脚踏板).Itdidn’twork.Butthescientistshadfunbouncingandstretchingthemix,whentheyweren’tusingittotransfercomicsontopaper.KidsendeduphavingfunplayingwiththeSillyPuttytoo.

Brandy

Inventor:

ADutchshipmaster

Year:

16thcentury

WhatHappened:

Heusedheattoconcentratewineinordertomakeiteasiertotransport,withtheideaofaddingwatertorecoveritwhenhearrived.Unexpectedly,concentratedwinetastedbetterthanwatered-downwine.Sincethen,“Burntwine”or“brandewijn”inDutch,hasbecomeabighit.Callitbrandy,sinceafterafewdrinksofthestuff,there’snowayyoucanpronounce

brandewijn

sonowaitercanunderstandwhatyou’reordering.

21．Whatcanwelearnaboutsaccharin?A．Itiscalorie-free. B． Itiscostly.C．Itisalabbyproduct. D．Itisillegal.22．Whichoftheinventionsisatoyforkids?A．Anaesthesia. B．Saccharin.C．SillyPutty. D．Brandy.23．Whatdotheyhaveincommon?A．Theyareeatable.B．Theywereinventedinwartime.C．Theyareorganiccompounds.D．Theycameoutoftheblue.BInthescientifichistory,fewrivalries(竞争)havecapturedtheimaginationliketheonebetweenNikolaTeslaandThomasEdison.Thesetwoinventors,eachwiththeiruniqueapproachesandvisions,engagedinafiercecompetitionthatforevertransformedtheworldofelectricityandinnovation.ThepathsofNikolaTeslaandThomasEdisonfirstcrossedinthelate1800swhenTeslaarrivedintheUnitedStateswithhisboundlessenthusiasmandinventivespirit.Tesla,ayoungSerbianengineer,soughtopportunitiestoworkonhisambitiousideas.Edison,alreadyanestablishedinventorandentrepreneur,recognizedTesla’stalentandemployedhimathiscompany,theEdisonMachineWorks.ItwasduringTesla’stimeworkingforEdisonthattheseedsofrivalryweresown.Edisonadvocateddirectcurrent(DC)asthedominantmethodforelectricaldistribution,whileTeslasawthepotentialofalternatingcurrent(AC)systems,whichofferedgreaterefficiencyoverlongerdistances.TheturningpointintheirrivalryoccurredwiththeChicagoWorld’sFairin1893.Tesla,backedbyGeorgeWestinghouse,successfullyshowcasedthesuperiorityofACbylightingthefairgroundswithhisAC-poweredsystem.ThissuccesscrushedEdison'sclaimsofDC'ssuperiority,leadingtothewidespreadadoptionofACasthestandardforelectricalpowertransmission.However,duetoEdison'sinfluence,ACpowerwasinitiallydismissedasdangerousandunreliable.Inordertodemonstrateitssafety,TeslaheldapublicdemonstrationwherehefamouslylitupastringoflightsusinghisACmotorpoweredbyNiagaraFalls,provingonceandforallthatACpowerwassafeforuseinhomesandbusinessesaroundtheworld.WhilebothsidesfoughtfiercelyforcontrolofelectricitydistributionnetworksacrossAmerica,itwasultimatelyTesla'sACsystemthatwonoutduetoitsgreaterefficiencyoverlongdistancescomparedwithDCsystemswhichquicklylostvoltage(电压)asdistanceincreasedfromtheirsourcepoint.EventuallyevenEdisonhimselfcamearoundandaccepteddefeatwhenhefinallyadmittedthat“Teslahassolvedanextremelydifficultproblem”.Despitetheirdifferences,thetwomenhadanunwillingrespectforeachother.EdisonwasknowntorefertoTeslaas“oneofthegreatestelectricalgeniusestheworldhaseverseen”whileTeslapraiseEdison'scontributionstothefieldofelectricity.Thoughtheirrivalrydefinedthedevelopment(electricityinthelate19thcentury,itsimpactstillresonates(产生共鸣)today.24.InwhichaspectdidTesla’sandEdison’sviewsonelectricalsystemsdiffer?A.Thesourceofelectricalpower.B.Theinventionofelectricaldevices.C.Theefficiencyofpowergeneration.D.Themethodofelectricaltransmission.25.HowdidTeslaprovethereliabilityofACpower?A.ByconductingapublicexperimentatNiagaraFalls.B.BydisplayingAC-poweredlightinginacommunity.C.BygettingsupportfromGeorgeWestinghouse.D.ByhighlightingthelimitationsofDCpower.26.WhydidTesla’sACsystemfinallyachievesuccess?A.Itprovidedhighervoltageoutputs.B.Itwaseasiertooperateandmaintain.C.Ithadsuperiorlong-rangeperformance.D.Itreceivedmorefinancialbacking.27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Everycloudhasasilverlining.B.Realknowledgecomesfrompractice.C.Arisingtideliftsallboats.D.Rivalryfuelsprogress.CTheimpactsofsmokingontheimmunesystemremainlongafterasmoker’slastsmoking,accordingtoastudy.Theanalysisispartofanefforttodeterminewhyimmuneresponsesvarysowidelyfrompersontoperson.Inadditiontocigarettesmoking,thestudyfoundthathavingahigher-than-averagebodymassindex(体重指数)andhavingpreviouslybeeninfectedwithatypicalviruscalledcytomegalovirus(CMV,巨细胞病毒)alsoaffecttheimmuneresponse.BiologistSaint-AndréandhercolleaguesanalysedbloodsamplesandquestionnairescollectedbytheMilieuIntérieurConsortiumfrom1,000healthypeoplewholiveinBrittany,France.Theresearchersexposedthebloodsamplestomicroorganisms,virusesandsoonknowntoactivatetheimmunesystem.Theythengaugedtheeffectofthemontheproductionofproteinscalledcytokines(细胞因子),whichregulatethebody’sinflammatory(炎症的)responses.Theauthorscombinedtheseresultswithinformationabout136personaltraitsdrawnfrompopulationstudies,environmentalandclinicaldata.Theyfoundthatthreefactorsstoodoutashavingparticularlystrongassociationswithcytokineresponses:cigarettesmoking,bodymassindexandpreviouscytomegalovirusinfection.Thedataoncigaretteconsumptionwereparticularlystriking;theeffectofsmokingoncytokineresponseswasaslargeastheeffectsofage,sexandgenetics.Andtheseeffectsremainedforyearsafterparticipantshadgivenupcigarettes.Butthestudystillneedstoberepeatedtoensurethattheresultsareconvincing,saysSaint-Andre.Andinfuture,itshouldincludeamorediversegroupofparticipants.TheteamhasnowexpandedtheirstudytoincludeparticipantsfromSenegalandHongKong,shesays.Theresearchershavealsogonebacktotheoriginalparticipants,andhavecollectedfreshbloodsamplesfrom415ofthem10yearsaftertheoriginalsamplesweretaken.“Itwouldbevaluabletolearnmoreabouthowsmokinginfluencesimmunecellfunction,and,inturn,whatthebody’sresponsestoinfectionare,”saysprofessorLuo.“Thatcouldoffervaluableinsightsintothebroaderhealthconsequencesofsmoking.”28．Howdidtheresearchersidentifythethreeinfluencingfactors?A．Byrepeatingthestudy.B．Bycontrastingthepersonaltraits.C．Byreferringtostudiesofotherfields.D．Byresearchingupto136people.29．Whomighthavetheworstimmunesystemaccordingtothetext?A．Someonewhohasquitsmokingformanyyears.B．Someonewhoserelativeshaveasmokinghabit.C．Someonewhohasabelownormalbodymassindex.D．SomeonewholiveswithaCMVinfectedperson.30．Whatdidresearchersdotoensuretheresultswerecorrect?A．Theyinvitedmoreparticipantsofthesamerace.B．Theyexpandedtheirresearchallovertheworld.C．Theygotonwellwiththeoriginalparticipants.D．Theyrestudiedsomeoriginalparticipantsyearslater.31．WhatcanweknowfromwhatLuosaid?A．Itisusefulandvaluabletogiveupsmoking.B．Theresultofthestudyiscomplete.C．Smokinghassomethingtodowithinfection.D．Thestudyaidstolearntheeffectsofsmoking.DAglobalstudycomparing2,062birdsfindsthat,inhighlyvariableenvironments,birdstendtohaveeitherlargerorsmallerbrainsrelativetotheirbodysize.Birdswithsmallerbrainstendtouseecologicalstrategiesthatarenotavailabletobig-brainedones. “Thefactisthatthereareagreatmanyspeciesthatdoquitewellwithsmallbrains,”saidTrevorFristoe,firstauthorofthestudyfromWashingtonUniversity.Previousstudieshadfoundgeneraltrendstowardlargerrelativebrainsizesathigherlatitudes(纬度),whereconditionsaremorevariable.Thisnewstudyisdifferentbecauseitlooksatthefulldistributionofbrainsizesacrossenvironments,allowingtheresearcherstotestwhetherdifferentsizesareover-orunder-represented.Theyfoundthatathigherlatitudes,birdbrainsaresignificantlymorelikelytobeeitherrelativelylargeorrelativelysmallcomparedtobodysize.Whatwasgoingonhere?Fristoe,borninAlaska,hadafewideas.HesuggeststhattheAlaskastatebird,theptarmigan(雷鸟),mightbeatypicalexampleofthesmall-brainedspecies.Lovablethoughitis,it'snotexactlyknownforitssmarts.Theptarmigancan,however,feedonbranchesandwillowleaves.“Wefindthatsmall-brainedspeciesintheseenvironmentsemploystrategiesthatareunachievablewithalargebrain.Thesespeciesareabletoliveonreadilyavailablebutdifficulttodigestresourcessuchasneedlesofconifers(针叶树),orevenbranches.Thesefoodscanbefoundevenduringextremewinterconditions,buttheyarefibrousandrequirealargegut(肠道)todigest,”Fristoesaid.“Guttissue,likebraintissue,isenergeticallydemanding,andlimitedbudgetsmeanthatitischallengingtomaintainalotofboth.”“Brainsarenotevolvingseparately—theyarepartofabroadersuiteofadaptationsthathelpcreaturessucceedintheirlives,”saidCarlosBotero,assistantprofessorofbiologyandco-authorofthestudy.“Biologists,ourselvesincluded,havehistoricallybelievedthatenvironmentalvariabilitydrivestheexpansionofbrainsize.Butwhenwetakeabroaderview,werealizethatotherstrategiesalsowork—andremarkably,thealternativehereinvolvesmakingabrainactuallysmaller!”32.HowdoesFristoe’sresearchdifferfrompreviousstudies?A.Itarrivesataconflictingconclusion.B.Itfocusesonbirdswithsmallerbrains.C.Itcoversawiderrangeofbrainsizes.D.Itrevealsbirds'evolvingprocesses.33.Whatdoweknowabouttheptarmigan?A.Itisconsideredfairlyintelligent.B.Ithasapowerfuldigestingsystem.C.Ithasarelativelylargebodysize.D.Ithasaselectivefeedinghabit.34.WhatcanbeinferredaboutsmallerbrainsfromBotero'swords?A.Theyaretypicalofindependentevolution.B.Theyarearesultoflimitedbudgets.C.Theyarenotforvariableenvironments.D.Theyareaneffectivesurvivalstrategy.35.whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSmallertheBrain,theSmarterB.BigBrains:AdapttoHigherLatitudesC.BigBrainsorBigGuts:ChooseOneD.EvolutionsofBrainSizeinBirds第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Forgetprivacy,younginternetuserswanttobetrackedOneverysmartphonetheresitsatracker’sparadise(乐园)oflocationdatareadytobeshared.36Andthistechismarketedasconvenient,notfrightening.Whatisanacceptablelevelofonlinesurveillance(监视)?Ihadassumedweallagreedthattheidealwasnone.37Aquickenquiryonmyfriendsfoundthatthosewhowere,likeme,intheir40sandoldereitherhadnoideatheycouldusetheirphoneinthiswayorhadrelativelylittleinterestindoingso.Butfriendsadecadeorsoyoungerallseemtobetrackingoneanotheratwill.Theydon’tfindtheideaofmonitoringorbeingmonitoredinthiswayupsetting.Theysayitmakesthemfeelsafer.38Itisjustthattheyarerealisticabouttheprivacythatisavailable.Theyknowthatifyouownasmartphoneanddon’twanttodisableusefulthingslikemaps,thenyourlocationisalreadybeingwatched.Ifappcreators,smartphonemakersandadcompaniesarealreadytrackingyourlocation,thenwhynotsharetheinformationwithpeopleyouknow?Ifyouwanttostarttrackingthepeopleyouknow,thentherearesomerulesinvolved.It’sfinetousetrackingtocheckthatafriendhasgothomesafelyattheendofanightout,forexample,butnottosurprisethemonthestreet.Andthinkcarefullyaboutwhomyousharedatawith.39Locationtrackingasasafetymeasure,particularlyforelderlyparentsandchildren,isappealing.40Onceyougrowcomfortablesharingyourlocationwithyourfamilyandfriends,perhapsonedayyou’llbehappytoshareitwithyouremployerorevengovernmentagencies.A．Itisforfamilyandclosefriendsonly,notnewdates.B．Butthetruthishowpopularitisdependsonyourage.C．Locationsharinghasbeenaroundformorethanadecade.D．Theriskisthatifyoudoittoooften,itwillbehardtoturnaround.E．Afterall,noonewillfinditcomfortabletobewatchedallthetime.F．Thisisnotbecausetheyareblindtotheimportanceofonlineprivacy.G．Locationtrackingissoprecisethatitcanlocateonepersoninacrowd.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JamesMogajiisasecurityofficeratProvidenceCollegeRaymondHallinRhodeIsland.Hisenthusiasmmadehimsuchanintegralpartofhisstudents’livesthatthey___41___himasoneoftheirownfamily.DanielSingh,asophomore,describedMogajiasanattractive___42___intheirresidencehall,“He’ssomeoneyou’re___43___to.Hewasreallykindandcompassionate.”Thestorytakesa(n)___44___turnwhenthestudentsdiscoverthatMogajihasnot___45___hisfamilyinNigeriaformorethanadecade.Thediscoverysparkedawaveof___46___enthusiasmamongthestudents.Outofsympathy,thestudents___47___afundraiserforhim.Therewasoverwhelming___48___fortheirefforts,withnearly800donationsreceived,exceeding(超过)their___49___goal.ThestudentsgatheredaroundMogajiand___50___himanenvelopecontaining$3,000tohelppayforhistriptoNigeria.Itwasaheart-warmingscene.___51___moved,Mogajicoveredhisfacewithhishandsandfelltohiskneesinshock.“Wetakecareofourfamily.That’swhatwedohereatProvidenceCollege,”saidthestudentofferingtheenvelopetoMogaji.“Weloveyou.You’repartofthe___52___.”Thestudents’___53___hasnotonlytouchedhearts,butalsomadedreams___54___.Mogajiisplanninghislong-awaitedtriptoNigeriainJune,atripmadepossiblebythe___55___andsolidarityofauniversitycommunitythattrulyembodies(体现)thespiritoffamily.41.A.impressed B.registered C.accepted D.intended42.A.figure B.sculptor C.composer D.designer43.A.recommended B.moved C.preferred D.attracted44.A.sudden B.touching C.smooth D.interesting45.A.phoned B.heard C.found D.seen46.A.flat B.curious C.genuine D.responsible47.A.started B.required C.recognized D.contacted48A.legend B.support C.doubt D.view49.A.positive B.achievable C.glorious D.initial50.A.handed B.showed C.lent D.awarded51.A.Finally B.Merely C.Visibly D.Likely52.A.college B.family C.group D.community53.A.impact B.plan C.hope D.action54.A.cometrue B.getacross C.goeasy D.fallapart55.A.cuteness B.effect C.kindness D.wisdom第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinawillbecometheguestcountryofhonorforthe37thInternationalKiteFestivalinBerck-sur-MerfromApril20to28.Itisthefirsttimethatthefestival56(introduce)theconceptofguestcountries.Duringthenine-dayevent,theChinaCulturalCenterinPariswilljoinhandswithWeifangCityinShandongProvince—57(know)asthe“kitecapitaloftheworld”,toshowcasethemostauthenticChinesekiteartandculturalexperiencetotheaudience.Variousculturalactivitieswilltakecenterstage,58(involve)kitecompetitions,culturalperformancesandworkshopsonintangibleculturalheritage.TheInternationalKiteFestivalinBerck-sur-Meristhelargestandmost59(influence)kite-themedeventinFrance.Inadditiontoregularkitedisplays,thisyear’sfestivalwilldebuttheinternationalkitestuntcompetition,60iscalled“TheWorldKiteCupBerck-sur-Mer”.Kite-flyingmastersfromtencountriesandregionswillcompete61theworldchampiontitleinashowdownofskillsandcreativity.62(kick)offthefestivalonApril20,63100-meter-longdragonkitewilltakeflight,followedbyaseriesofactivities,likedragonandliondanceperformances,martialarts64(demonstrate),ateaceremony,calligraphyexhibitions65traditionalChinesefolkmusicperformances.写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)66.你校英文报将增设主题为“讲好中国故事”的栏目。你是栏目负责人李华，请给外教Kate写邮件咨询她对栏目的建议。内容包括：1．介绍设想；2．寻求建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Wheninfifthgrade,Ihadabigdream:Iwantedtowintheschool'sScienceFair.Theprizewasashinygoldmedal,andeveryyear,studentsfromallthegradeswouldgatherinthegymtose