四级英语翻译

四级英语翻译四级英语翻译四级英语翻译资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月四级英语翻译版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：1、在林林总总的笔类制品中，毛笔算是中国独有的品类。传统的毛笔不但是古人必备的文房用具，而且在表达中华书法、绘画的特殊韵味上具有与众不同的魅力。hints：

毛笔：writingbrush

魅力：charm

书法：calligraphy

2、信用卡是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比一般贷款更高的利率。遗憾的是，信用卡现已成为资本主义体制的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费的持续增长。hints：信用卡：creditcard利率：interestrate资本主义体制：capitalistsystem消费：consumption3、人们常说，如果你是在北京，有两样事情是你一定要做的，一是爬长城，二是吃北京烤鸭。以前只有宫廷厨房才有，现在全北京、全世界的千万个餐馆都可以吃到传说中的北京烤鸭。北京烤鸭的起源可以追溯到大约600年前的明朝。那时候，来自中国各地的厨师前往都城北京为皇帝下厨。这是一个著名的职业，只有最好的厨师才可以进入宫里的厨房。1911年清朝最终没落，宫里的厨师离开紫禁城在北京开了餐厅，给人民群众带来了北京烤鸭和其他美味。hints：北京烤鸭：Peking

Roast

Duck紫禁城：the

Forbidden

City4、在公元220年开始的300年里，中国分成了三个小王国。一个是魏国，位于中国北部，由曹氏家族统治。还有一个王国叫做蜀汉，位于中国的西南部，由刘备统治。另外一个王国叫做吴国，位于中国的东南部，由孙权统治。中国文化里最伟大的书籍之一——《三国演义》就是关于这段时间的。hints：曹氏家族：the

Ts’ao

family孙权：Sun

Ch’ua三国演义：Romance

of

the

Three

Kingdoms5、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。hints：武术martialart

国际标准舞internationalstandarddance6、中国人饮茶，注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。hints：神思遐想：reverie领略饮茶情趣：takedelightintea-drinking在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶……:这个句子较长，译者根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译，这样就有较大的自由度来遣词造句择静雅之处：securingaserenespace细啜慢饮：imbibeslowlyinsmallsips达到美的享受：即"享受到饮茶之美"。allure这里是名词，意为"迷人之处"，也可用beauty。使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界：untilyourspiritssoarupandupintoasublimeaestheticrealm。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室：翻译时用了tuckedaway和nestled，比用built要形象、优美得多。让人们小憩，意趣盎然:意思是"(茶室)是让人们休息、娱乐的迷人场所。"7、TheChinesepeople,intheirdrinkingoftea,placemuchsignificanceontheactof"savoring.""Savoringtea"isnotonlyawaytodiscerngoodteafrommediocretea,butalsohowpeopletakedelightintheirreverieandintea-drinkingitself.Snatchingabitofleisurefromabusyschedule,makingakettleofstrongtea,securingaserenespace,andservinganddrinkingteabyyourselfcanhelpbanishfatigueandfrustration,improveyourthinkingabilityandinspireyouwithenthusiasm.Youmayalsoimbibeitslowlyinsmallsipstoappreciatethesubtleallureoftea-drinking,untilyourspiritssoarupandupintoasublimeaestheticrealm.Buildings,gardens,ornamentsandteasetsaretheelementsthatformtheambienceforsavoringtea.Atranquil,refreshing,comfortableandneatlocaleiscertainlydesirablefordrinkingtea.ChinesegardensarewellknownintheworldandbeautifulChineselandscapesaretoonumeroustocount.Teahousestuckedawayingardensandnestledbesidethenaturalbeautyofmountainsandriversareenchantingplacesofreposeforpeopletorestandrecreatethemselves.8、Chinesegardencanbedividedintotwocategories:theimperialandtheprivate.Theformerisseenmostfrequentlyinnorthernchinawhilemoreofthelatercanbefoundinthesouth,especialllyinSuzhou,WuxiandNanjing.Smallanddelicate,cleverlylaidoutandpleasingtotheeye,thestreams,bridges,rockeriesandpavillionsofprivateChinesegardenrevealanaturalbeautyoftheirown.Mostofthebridgesinthisgardenarestone,includingstraight,windingandarchedbridges.TheStraightbrigesconsistofjustonestoneslabwithoutanydecorationanditisusuallylevelwiththeriverbankorwiththerivertomakethevisitorsfeelthattheyaresurroundedbythewater.Thewindingbridgehaslowbalustrades.TheJiuquZigzagBridgeonwestlakeisoneofthem.Thearchedbridgecanbedividedintothesinglearchandthemultiarchvarieties.Streamsinthisgardensdonotcoveralargearea,butsettingthemwellwithbridgesandislandstoyieldauniformeffect.RocksandrockeriesarespecialfeaturesofsouthernChinesegardens.Stonesofgrotesqueformsareoftenattractivewithunderlaidlinesandwaterholes.Somelargestonesformsceneriesoftheirownwhilesmalleronesareputtogethertoformartificialhillstoaddtothefantasticattractivenessofthegarden.Corridorsformanotherfeatureofthechinesegarden.Therearewatercorridorsbuiltalongthewaterside,flowercorridorssettedamongflowers,willowcorridorsamonggrovesofwillowandbamboocorridorsamonggrovesofbamboo.Forthevositors,thesecorridorsaregoodtravelguidesleadingtothevariousviewsofthebiggarden.Thecorridorsaredecoratedbywindowsofeveryshape：spuare,round,hexagonalandoctagonal.Manyofthewindowsaredecoratedwithverybeautifulpatternsanddesigns.Visitorscanhaveexcellentviewofthegardenthroughthecolorfulwindows.Thedoorsofthegarden,likethewindows,arealsocarvedindifferentshapestobringmorevigornessandelegancetothesurroundings.Wallsofthesegardensareusuallypaintedinwhite.Hiddingamongtheflowers,treesandhills,whitewallsstandinasharpcontrasttothegreytilesandbrownwindows.Stollingaboutthesegardenswiththetreeshadowsswayingonthewhitewallandwillowreflectionsdancingintheponds,touristsmaythenfindthemselvestruelyenjoythispeaceandrelaxationinthisparadisefromtheturmoiloftheworld.9、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。//为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。//老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。改革开放30年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。//通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。//作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样，丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。还有一种至今仍受人欢迎的传统表演活动，叫踩高跷。//现在，随着生活水平的不断提高，人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变，春节的精华不会变，那就是为了祈求新年吉祥如意。//家家户户都会打扫的干干净净，门上都会贴上对联，人人都会穿上新衣裳，拿出最精美的食物，团聚在一起，互道吉利，表示祝贺。//最重要的是，春节是一个合家欢聚的日子，出门在外的人总要想方设法在除夕夜到来之前赶回家，吃上一年中最重要的一段饭——“团圆饭”。10、[原文]中国政府高度重视保护环境，认为保护环境关系到国家现代化建设的全局和长远发展，是造福当代、惠及子孙的事业。中国政府将环境保护确立为一项基本国策，在推进经济发展的同时，采取一系列措施加强保护环境。特别是近年来，中国政府坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破，着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题；坚持创新体制机制，领先科学进步，强化环境法治，发挥社会各方面的积极性。经过努力，环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势减缓，部分流域污染治理初见成效，部分城市和地区环境质量有所改善，全社会保护环境意识进一步增强。【原文】中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派。这就是有名的诸子百家。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有它的许多珍品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公，特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操和吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些，对家庭、对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。【原文】许多专家认为，教学改革的当务之急是要改变现在的课程设置和考试办法，不要让孩子只知道“头悬梁，锥刺股，死读书，读死书”。他们指出，教育改革的关键在于使全社会认识到中、小学教育的目的不只是让学生掌握必要的知识，更应该提高学生整体素质，特别是他们对于人生意义和社会责任这些根本的问题要有比较深入的思考。学校要在这些方面深入研究，选择合适的内容和方式引导和帮助学生形成正确的观点。如果学校只强调知识教育而忽视了人生课程的引导，那么培养出来的只是一批文字或者数字机器，而不是准备进入社会的预备人才。【原文】太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲中心地带。这里气候宜人，物产丰富，风景优美，是中国重点风景旅游城市。与万里长城齐名的古京杭大运河纵贯市区，泛舟河上，能领略水乡的民俗风情。距市区七公里的太湖梅梁景区是太湖风景之精华，碧波万顷，渔帆点点，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的鼋头渚巨石状如鼋头，远眺烟波浩渺的太湖，被诗人郭沫若誉为“太湖佳绝处”。【原文】中国是一个发展中国家，人口多，底子薄，农村地区经济不发达。穷困地区较为集中的西部地区公路、铁路等基础设施比较薄弱。这些地区的教育、卫生等基本社会服务水平低，农业生产条件差。中国政府在全国范围内实施的扶贫开发，极大的缓解了贫困现象。答案：1、Chinaisacountrywithatime-honoredcivilizationandalandofceremonyanddecorum.Wheneverguestsvisit,itisnecessarytomakeandserveteatothem.Beforeservingtea,youmayaskthemfortheirpreferencesastowhatkindofteatheyfancyandservethemtheteainthemostappropriateteacups.Inthecourseofservingtea,thehostshouldtakecarefulnoteofhowmuchwaterisremaininginthecupsandinthekettle.Usually,iftheteaismadeinateacup,boilingwatershouldbeaddedafterhalfofthecuphasbeenconsumed;andthusthecupiskeptfilledsothatthetearetainsthesamebouquetandremainspleasantlywarmthroughouttheentirecourseoftea-drinking.Snacks,sweetsandotherdishesmaybeservedatteatimetocomplementthefragranceoftheteaandtoallayone'shunger.2、Ofthevariouswritingandpaintinginstruments,thewritingbrushisuniquetoChina.Traditionalwritingbrushesnotonly

were

aneverydaynecessityforancientpeopleofliteratureintheirstudies,butalsohavetheuniquecharmsinexpressingthespecialstyleofChinesecalligraphyandpaintings.3、Creditcardsareoneofthemostconvenientdevicesevercreatedbythebankingsystembut,atthesametime,oneofthemostdangerous.Theyallowpeopletobuythingsthey,otherwise,couldn'tafford,withmoneycreatedbythebanksand,chargedoutatmuchhigherinterestratesthannormalloans.Unfortunately,

creditcardhavebecomeanessentialpartofthe

capitalistsystemwhichonlysurvivesonthecontinuedgrowthin

consumption.4．It

is

often

said

that

if

you

are

in

Beijing,

there

are

essentially

two

things

that

you

must

do:

one

is

to

climb

the

Great

Wall,

and

the

other

is

to

eat

Peking

Roast

Duck.

Once

confined

to

the

kitchen

of

the

palace,

the

legendary

Peking

Roast

Duck

is

now

served

at

thousands

of

restaurants

around

Beijing,

as

well

as

the

world.

The

origin

of

the

Peking

Roast

Duck

dates

bake

to

the

Ming

Dynasty,

about

600

years

ago.

Cooks

from

all

over

China

travelled

to

the

capital

Beijing

to

cook

for

the

Emperor.

It

was

a

prestigious

occupation

as

only

the

best

chefs

could

enter

the

palace

kitchens.

With

the

eventual

fall

of

the

Qing

Dynasty

in

1911,

court

chefs

who

left

the

Forbidden

City

set

up

restaurants

around

Beijing

and

brought

the

Peking

Roast

Duck

and

other

delicious

dishes

to

the

massed.

5．For

three

hundred

years

starting

in

220

AD,

China

was

divided

into

three

smaller

kingdoms.

One

that

lies

in

north,

was

called

Wei,

and

it

was

ruled

by

the

Ts’ao

family.

The

second

was

called

Shu

Han,

and

it

was

ruled

by

Liu

Bei.

It

was

in

the

south-west

part

of

China.

The

third

kingdom

was

called

Wu,

and

it

was

ruled

by

Sun

Ch’ua.

Wu

was

in

the

south-east

part

of

China.

One

of

the

great

books

of

Chinese

literature,

Romance

of

the

Three

Kingdoms,

is

about

this

time.6、Wushu,orChinesemartialart,canbetracedbacktoancienttimes.ItisagemofChinesetraditionalculture.Asweallknow,thefinecultureofanationdoesn’tbelongtothenationaloneanditwillbespreadtotherestoftheworldandsharedbyallhumanity.WushuwasacceptedtojoinbowlingandinternationalstandarddanceasanOlympicdemonstrationevent.TheboomingofwushuisattributednotonlytotheattractivenessofthesportbutalsotoemigrantChinesewushumastersovertheyears.Martialartistsoftheoldergenerationshavesownwushuseedsinforeigncountries.Weshu,whichcanbeusedasselfdefenseandcankeeppractitionersfitandstrong,soombecamepopularonnewlands.Todaysperbwushumastersareactiveallovertheworld,andamateursareontheincreasewitheachpassingday.

TheChinesepeople,intheirdrinkingoftea,placemuchsignificanceontheactof"savoring.""Savoringtea"isnotonlyawaytodiscerngoodteafrommediocretea,butalsohowpeopletakedelightintheirreverieandintea-drinkingitself.Snatchingabitofleisurefromabusyschedule,makingakettleofstrongtea,securingaserenespace,andservinganddrinkingteabyyourselfcanhelpbanishfatigueandfrustration,improveyourthinkingabilityandinspireyouwithenthusiasm.Youmayalsoimbibeitslowlyinsmallsipstoappreciatethesubtleallureoftea-drinking,untilyourspiritssoarupandupintoasublimeaestheticrealm.Buildings,gardens,ornamentsandteasetsaretheelementsthatformtheambienceforsavoringtea.Atranquil,refreshing,comfortableandneatlocaleiscertainlydesirablefordrinkingtea.ChinesegardensarewellknownintheworldandbeautifulChineselandscapesaretoonumeroustocount.Teahousestuckedawayingardensandnestledbesidethenaturalbeautyofmountainsandriversareenchantingplacesofreposeforpeopletorestandrecreatethemselves.7、中国人饮茶，注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。注释：1.神思遐想：reverie。2.领略饮茶情趣：takedelightintea-drinking。3.在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶……:这个句子较长，译者根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译，这样就有较大的自由度来遣词造句。4.择静雅之处：securingaserenespace。5.细啜慢饮：imbibeslowlyinsmallsips。6.达到美的享受：即"享受到饮茶之美"。allure这里是名词，意为"迷人之处"，也可用beauty。7.使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界：untilyourspiritssoarupandupintoasublimeaestheticrealm。8.利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室：翻译时用了tuckedaway和nestled，比用built要形象、优美得多。9.让人们小憩，意趣盎然:意思是"(茶室)是让人们休息、娱乐的迷人场所。"10.礼仪之邦:即是"一个很讲究礼仪的地方"，"很重礼节"为重复，不译。11.当有客来访：是"凡来了客人"的重复，可不译。根据下文的内容，加上beforeservingtea，使上下衔接贴切自然。12.征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客：可理解为"询问来客他们最喜欢什么茶叶，然后用最合适的茶具给客人敬茶"。13.主人在陪伴客人饮茶时：译为inthecourseofservingtea,与前面beforeservingtea相呼应。14.主人在陪伴客人饮茶时……水温适宜：这句话较长，译者同样根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译。15.随喝随添：andthusthecupiskeptfilled或者andinthiswaythecupiskeptfilled。16.茶食：意思为"点心、小吃"。17.达到调节口味和点心之功效："点心"为方言"点饥、充饥"的意思。8、中国园林可分为御花园和私家花园两类。前者多见于北方，后者则多见于南方，尤以苏州，无锡和南京三地为盛。南方私家花园中的溪、桥、山、亭小巧玲珑，布局精明，尽显其自然美，令人赏心悦目。桥大多为石桥，有直桥，曲桥，拱桥。直桥其实是一块不加装饰的石板，通常与河岸或河水齐高，给人一种临水的感觉。曲桥设有低栏杆，西湖上的九曲桥就属此桥。拱桥可以分为单拱桥和多拱桥两种。园内的小溪虽占地不多，却同小桥与石屿相得益彰，浑然一体。石头与假山是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹，线条和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。走廊是中国园林的另一大特色。有河边的河廊，花丛中的花廊，柳树丛中的柳廊,竹林中的竹廊。对客人来说，这些走廊可谓是优秀导游。在一座大花园里沿走廊而行，可以观赏园内的各处景观。形态各异的窗户点缀在走廊上，有方形，有圆形，有六角形，也有八角形。许多窗户的图案也都装饰的非常美丽。游客可以透过这些艳丽多彩的走廊窗户，将园内的佳景尽收眼底。园林的大门同窗户一样也雕刻成各种形状，给环境带来了生气，增添了雅趣。花园中的墙壁多粉刷成白色。隐秘在花丛，树丛，小山丛中的白墙与灰瓦褐窗形成强烈的反差。白墙上树影婆娑，池塘中柳枝齐舞。在园中徜徉的游客也许能在这世外桃源里真正地享受片刻安宁。9、Wushu,orChinesemartialart,canbetracedbacktoancienttimes.ItisagemofChinesetraditionalculture.Asweallknow,thefinecultureofanationdoesn’tbelongtothenationaloneanditwillbespreadtotherestoftheworldandsharedbyallhumanity.//TheChineseWushuAssociationandInternationalWushuFederation(IWUF)havebeenworkingveryhardtopopularizewushuandmaketheChinesemartialartclosertotheOlympicMovement.WushuwasacceptedtojoinbowlingandinternationalstandarddanceasanOlympicdemonstrationevent.//TheboomingofwushuisattributednotonlytotheattractivenessofthesportbutalsotoemigrantChinesewushumastersovertheyears.//Martialartistsoftheoldergenerationshavesownwushuseedsinforeigncountries.Weshu,whichcanbeusedasselfdefenseandcankeeppractitionersfitandstrong,soombecamepopularonnewlands.Todaysperbwushumastersareactiveallovertheworld,andamateursareontheincreasewitheachpassingday.Aschinaisrisingasapoliticalandeconomicworldpower,thankstoitsthree-decadereformandopeningup,moreandmorepeopleinoverseascountriesstarttolearnChineseandturntoaConfuciusInstituteintheirowncountriesastheirfirstchoicelearningChineselanguageandChineseculture.//Duringthelearningprocess,thelearnersconcurrentlydeveloptheirinterestinthisancientland,whosecivilizationissovastlydifferentfromtheirs.AndthelearnershaveopportunitiestolearnaboutChinesephilosophy,art,architecture,medicineandcateringcultureandexperiencefirst-handthesplendorsofthisvenerablecivilization.Asthesecondculture,Chineseculturehasenrichedthelifeandworldoutlookofthelearners.Thistrend,sotospeak,isgatheringmomentumandistheretostay.ApartfromtheirloveforChinesecuisine,moreandmoreAmericanlearnersofChineselanguageareturningtoChineseacupuncture,herbalmedicines,martialarts.//Theyarealsointerestedinkongfufilms,fashionsandcrafts.Seeminglyoutlandishwordssuchasdimsum,ginseng,gingko,oolongchahavecreptintotheireverydaylanguage.ThelatestChineseculturaliconstomakeitsimpactthereareTaoism,andancientschoolofthought,andfengshui,anancientartofplacement.TherecreationalactivitiesduringtheSpringFestivalarevariedandcolorful.TheDagonDanceandLionDancearetraditionallyperformedduringthefestival.Walkingonstiltsisanothertraditionalperformanceeventpopularinchina.Nowadays,withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,peoplehavetakenupnewwaystocelebratetheNewYear.Nomatterwhatchangetheremightbe,thehighlightsoftheSpringFestivalwillremainthesame:hopingforapropitiousandhappynewyear.Eachfamilywillcleanupthehouseandputupanantitheticalcoupletoneachsideofthedoor.Dressedupintheirbest,peoplewillgettogether,treateachothertothemostdeliciousfoodsandexchangeauspiciousgreetings.Mostimportantofall,theSpringFestivalistheoccasionforafamilyreunion.PeopleawayfromhomeforvariousreasonswillalwaystrytheirbesttocomebackbeforetheNewYear’Eve,inordertohavethemostimportantdinnerintheyear,familyreuniondinner.10、【参考译文1】TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.ItbelievesthatenvironmentalprotectionhasabearingontheoverallsituationofChina?smodernizationdriveanditslong-termdevelopmentandthatitisanundertakingwhichwillnotonlybenefittheChinesepeopleoftodaybutalsobringbenefittotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.TheChinesegovernmenthasestablishedenvironmentalprotectionasabasicnationalpolicy.Whilepromotingeconomicgrowth,ithasadoptedaseriesofmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.Especiallyinrecentyears,adheringtotheprincipleofpreventionfirst,comprehensivecontrol,entirepush-onandkey-pointbreakthrough,Chinesegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstosolvethoseoutstandingenvironmentalproblemsthatthreatenpeople?shealth.Ithaspersistedininstitutionalinnovation,reliedontechnologicaladvances,strengthenedtheroleoflawinenvironmentalprotectionandbroughtintofullplaytheinitiativeofvarioussectorsofthesociety.Thankstotheseefforts,thetrendtowardaggravatedenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldestructionhassloweddown,pollutioncontrolinsomeriverbasinshasachievedsomeinitialsuccess,theenvironmentalqualityofsomecitiesandregionshasimprovedtosomeextent,andthepeople?sawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionhasincreasedfurther.【参考译文2】TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.ItbelievesthatenvironmentalprotectionwillhaveadirectimpactontheoverallsituationofChina'smodernizationdriveanditslong-termdevelopment,andconsidersenvironmentalprotectionanundertakingthatwillnotonlybenefittheChinesepeopleoftodaybutalsotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Yearsago,theChinesegovernmentestablishedenvironmentalprotectionasabasicnationalpolicyandsustainabledevelopmentasanimportantstrategy,andhasadheredtotheroadofanewtypeofindustrialization.Whilepromotingeconomicgrowth,ithasadoptedawholearrayofmeasurestostrengthenenvironmentalprotection.Especiallyinrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasadheredtofocusingonpreventivemeasures,comprehensivecontrolandoverallprogresswithbreakthroughsatsomekeypoints,andworkedhardtosolveconspicuousenvironmentalproblemsthreateningpeople'shealth.Atthesametime,ithascontinueditseffortsforinstitutionalinnovation,reliedonscientificandtechnologicaladvances,strengthenedthelegalsystemofenvironmentalprotection,andbroughtintofullplaytheinitiativeofpeopleofallwalksoflife.Thankstotheseefforts,althoughtheamountofresourceconsumptionandpollutantsisincreasinggreatly,thetrendtowardaggravatedenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldestructionisslowingdown;especially,environmentalpollutioncontrolinsomerivervalleyshasseensomepositiveresults,theenvironmentalqualityofsomecitiesandregionshasimproved,andthepeople'sawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionhasenhanced.【评析】1.“高度重视”除可译为attachgreatimportanceto，外，亦可译为set（或put/lay）great/highstoreby/on、lay（或put/place）stresson/upon、giveprominenceto和thinkhighlyof。2.haveabearingon?需牢记，该短语的含义是tohaveaneffectorinfluenceonsth.。3.“基本国策”的译法basicnational/statepolicy需牢记。4.“突出（的）”也可以译为salient。5.“社会各方面”两种译文处理方法不同，均可参考。peopleofallwalksoflife系固定搭配。6.bringsth.intofullplay系固定搭配，用来翻译“发挥……的积极性”很妥帖。7.“经过努力”切不可字对字死译，否则必是中式英语。译为Thankstotheseefforts,才是准确的译文。8.“进一步增强”译为hasincreasedfurther不如译为hasenhanced简洁、地道。【参考译文】ThetraditionalChineseculture,bothextensiveandprofound,startsfarbackandrunsalong,longcourse.Morethan2,000yearsagothereemergedinChinaConfucianismrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius,Taoism,representedbyLaoZiandZhuangZi,andmanyothertheoriesanddoctrinesthatfiguredprominentlyinthehistoryofChinesethought,allbeingcoveredbythefamousterm,"themasters'hundredschools."FromConfuciustoDr.SunYat-sen,thetraditionalChineseculturepresentsmanypreciousideasandqualities,whichareessentiallypopulistanddemocratic.Forexample,theylaystressontheimportanceofkindnessandloveinhumanrelations,ontheinterestofthecommunity,andontheideathattheworldisforall,especiallyonpatriotismasembodiedinthesaying,"everybodyisresponsiblefortheriseorfallofthecountry;"andlongsufferingandhardworkingdiligenceandfrugalityinhouseholdmanagement,andrespectingteachersandvaluingeducation.Allthesehaveplayedagreatroleinbindingandregulatingthefamily,thecountryandthesociety.【评析】1.“中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。”系典型的主谓结构，再仔细分析，可以做如下转化：“中华民族博大精深的传统文化源远流长。”据此将bothextensiveandprofound作为后置定语译出。整句层次分明，一气呵成。此例具有代表性。2.“早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派。”这是汉语中典型的“无主句”，翻译时可选用英语中的there＋emerge句型译出。3.“孔子”和“孟子”及后文的“孙中山”皆有定译，绝不可用汉语拼音翻译。4.“这就是有名的诸子百家。”虽然在原文中系一句话，但在英译文中却可以作为前一句的附加成分，所以处理为allbeingcoveredbythefamousterm,"themasters'hundredschools."。5.“许多人民性和民主性的好东西”是在描述“许多珍品”的性质，二者决不是并列关系，“人民性”和“民主性”可分别处理为形容词populist和democratic，由于前文已提及“珍品”，所以同义词“好东西”自然可以省略不译。6.“天下为公”和“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”均为常见熟语，考生对这类熟语的英译应有较多积累。7.“起到……的作用”可以用playarole/partindoingsth.对译。【参考译文】Manyexpertsholdtheideathatthehighestpriorityinthereformofeducationsystemshouldbegiventotheimprovementandreformincurriculumandexaminationsysteminordertoavoidagenerationpayingundueattentiontotextbooks.Theypointedoutthatthekeyofthereformintheeducationsystemisawell-sharedawarenessthatthehighandprimaryeducationsarethere,insteadofsimplyofferingtheknowledgeimportanttothe