Unit3CelebrationsLesson1SpringFestival被动语态课件高中英语北师大版

高一必修一英语

被动语态+主动形式

表被动意义用法被动语态(The

Passive)教材自主探究观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能。1.SpringFestivalishighlyvaluedbyeveryChinesefamily.2.First,thehousewas

cleanedfromtoptobottom.3.MostoftheimportantSpringFestivaltraditionsarestillbeing

practisedbypeopleacrossthecountry.4.Fireworkswere

being

let

offacrossthecity,suddenlylightingupthenightsky.5.Throughouthistory,someoftheoriginalcustomshavechanged,butthespiritofthefestival—thespiritoffamily—haslargelybeen

kept.语法精要点拨一、概述1.概念语态是动词的一种形式,它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。2.构成被动语态一般由“系动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。系动词be本身无词义,但有人称、数和时态的变化。3.用法(1)不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。*Myhousehas

just

been

decorated.我的房子刚装修完毕。(2)强调动作的承受者。*Englishis

spokenallovertheworld.全世界都说英语。(3)出于婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者。*Muchhas

been

saidbutlittlehas

been

doneabouttheissue.关于这个问题已经说了很多但做得很少。(4)习惯用法。这类词常见的有born,determine,devote,seat,dress,absorb等。*Thehost

was

dressedinapin-stripedsuit.主持人穿着一身细条纹西装。5.动词短语的被动语态有些动词短语相当于及物动词,可用于被动语态。注意，含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句时,其中的介词和副词不可漏掉。Childrenaretakengoodcareofinourvillage.在我们村,孩子们被照顾得很好。Shewastakentothenearbyhospitalandwasoperatedonimmediately.她被带到附近的医院,并立即进行了手术。6.情态动词的被动语态构成形式:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youshouldbepraisedbytheteacher.你应当受到老师的表扬。Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinthisafternoon.你的作业必须今天下午交。考点串讲一：被动语态的构成1.“be+过去分词”构成的被动语态

多数被动语态是由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成的。be动词本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上许多人都说英语。Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被这个男孩打碎了。Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一条新路。Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.这个问题现在正被讨论。Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说他们已经被邀请参加派对了。考点串讲一：被动语态的构成2.“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态被动语态中的be动词有时可换成get,构成“get十过去分词”,常表示结果或状态。About30passengersgotkilledinthattrafficaccident.在那次交通事故中约有30名乘客丧生。Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimetogetchangedbeforetheparty.萨拉，快点。恐怕在派对开始前你没有时间换衣服了。考点串讲二：被动语态的构成时态名称被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词过去完成时had+been+过去分词一般将来时will/shall+be+过去分词过去将来时would+be+过去分词即学活用

用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)Itissaidthattheoldbridge_________(build)manyyearsago.

(2)Thelecture____________(make)byJoeSmithinthelecturehalltomorrowmorning.

(3)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—_______________________

(view)asimportantwaysforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.

(4)Markisagenius.Bythetimehegraduated,he________________(offer)jobsbyadozencomputercompanies.

(5)Youcan’tusemycarbecauseit________________(repair)now.

wasbuilt

willbemade

isviewed/hasbeenviewedhadbeenofferedisbeingrepaired

即学活用

用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)Itiswellknowntoallthatfootball_________(play)allovertheworld.

(2)Thismathsproblemcan___________(work)outeasilybylittleTom.

(3)Iwillgiveyouamonthtoraisetheflowers.ThenIwillseewhoseflowergrowsbest.Thewinner______________(buy)afavoritegift.

(4)Sofar,manyman-madesatellites______________

(send)intospacebyChina.

(5)Thefatherwenttotheshopattheparkwherethefestival______________(hold),andboughtakiteandarollofthreadforhisson.

isplayed

beworked

willbeboughthavebeensentwasbeingheld三、被动语态的高频考点1.感官动词和使役动词have,make,let主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要带to。*Theteachermade

me

gooutoftheclassroom.→Iwas

made

to

gooutoftheclassroombytheteacher.老师让我走出教室。即学活用

句型转换/完成句子(1)Theteachermadetheboycorrectthemistakesinhiscomposition.→Theboy___________________themistakesinhiscompositionbytheteacher.

(2)TomissaidtohavestudiedinParisforfouryears.→_____________TomhasstudiedinParisforfouryears.

(3)IgavehimsomepracticaladviceonhowtomemorizeEnglishwordsefficiently.→_____________somepracticaladviceonhowtomemorizeEnglishwordsefficientlybyme.

→_______________________________himonhowtomemorizeEnglishwordsefficientlybyme.

(4)我跟孩子们玩的时候把表弄坏了。____________________whenIwasplayingwiththechildren.

wasmadetocorrect

Itissaidthat

Hewasgiven

Somepracticaladvicewasgivento

Mywatchgotbroken

四、被动语态的注意事项1.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义。(1)英语中有很多动词,如sell,wash,open,lock,read,write等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。*Thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布很好洗。*Thepenwritessmoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。(2)表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词和短语,如happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等用主动形式表示被动意义。*Greatchangeshave

taken

placeinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。*Afirebroke

outinthishotellastnight.昨天夜里这家旅馆发生了火灾。(3)系动词没有被动形式,有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。*Thedecorations

lookelegant.这些装饰品看起来很高雅。(4)在need,want,require等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。*Thehouseneedsrepairing/to

be

repaired.这间房子需要修理。2.不用被动语态的三种情况。(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态,常见的有appear,die,disappear,rise,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,loseheart,takeplace等。*I’mconvincedthatmydreamwillcome

true.我坚信我的梦想会实现。*Thecustom

remainsinsomeareasofthecountry.这个习俗在这个国家的一些地区仍然保留着。(2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态,常见的有fit,have,hold,own,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,takepartin,belongto等。*Thefirecrackers

costmeabout200yuan.这些鞭炮花了我大约200元。*Asisknowntoall,Chinabelongs

todevelopingcountries.众所周知,中国属于发展中国家。即学活用

单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Thiskindofcloth_____(sell)well.(2)Theidea_______(sound)nice.Let’sputitintopracticeassoonaspossible.(3)Thenewly-plantedtreesneed_____________________(water)immediately.

(4)Thejacket_____(cost)himmorethan$100.(5)我的T恤很好洗,我的裤子不需要洗,所以我今天几乎不需要洗衣服。MyT-shirt___________andmytrousersdon’tneed____________________,soIhardlyneedtodowashingtoday.

sells

sounds

watering/tobewateredcost

washeswell

washing/tobewashed语法对接高考Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷•阅读理解B)Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthat________(leave)waspurewater.

2.(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷•完形填空)AsforBailey,sheismorecuriousaboutwhyheract_____________(consider)abigdeal.

3.(2023•全国甲卷•阅读理解B)ThoughDIY____traditionally__________(see)asmalehobby,theresearchshowsitiswomennowleadingthecharge.

wasleft

isconsidered

has

beenseen

4.(2023•全国甲卷•语法填空)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.

5.(2023•浙江1月高考•阅读理解A改编)Allcampsessions___________(create)withage-appropriate(适龄的)activitiesthataresuitableforthemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.

beemployed

arecreated

Ⅱ.单句写作1.(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷•阅读理解B)Whenhegot