2022高考英语一轮复习Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld学案必修4

Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词——会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1．monstern． 怪物2．footprintn. 脚印；足迹3．hairyadj. 毛的，多毛的4．creaturen. 动物；生物5．greyadj. 灰色的6．clawn. 爪7．nailn. (手、脚的)指甲；爪8．journaln. 杂志；学报；期刊(二)背重点单词——写对才行1．attackvt. 袭击；攻击2．sharp_adj. 锋利的；尖的3．claimvt. 声称4．surfacen. 表面；水面5．dive_vi. 潜水6．calmadj. 平静的7．scepticaladj. 怀疑的；不相信的8．unlikelyadj. 不可能的9．covervt. 占地(多大面积)10．adaptvi. 适应；适合11．disappearvi. 不见；消失12．extinctadj. 绝种的；消亡了的13．fierceadj. 凶猛的；残暴的14．generousadj. 有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的15．reputationn. 名誉；名声(三)背拓展单词——用准才行1．frightn．害怕→frighteningadj.吓人的→frightenedadj.害怕的→frightenvt.使害怕；使惊吓2．existvi.存在→existencen．存在3．mysteryn．神秘的人(或事物)；奥秘→mysteriousadj.神秘的4．destroyv．毁坏；摧毁→destruction_n．毁坏→destructiveadj.毁灭性的；破坏性的5．positiveadj.正面的→negativeadj.负面的6．indicatevt.象征；暗示→indicationn．象征；迹象7．identifyvt.确认；识别；鉴别→identityn．身份；特性→identificationn．确认；鉴定；身份证明8．fortunen．运气；命运；财富→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地[语境活用]1．Itwasaveryfrighteningexperiencebutthecourageousteenagersneverfeltfrightened.(frighten)2．Itisvitalthatweacttostopthedestructionoftherainforests,somepartsofithasbeendestroyedseverely.(destroy)3．Thetheorysupposestheexistenceoflifeonotherplanetswhichislikelytoexistanyway.(exist)4．Iwaslate,butfortunatelythemeetinghadn'tstarted,soIwassupposedtobefortunate.(fortune)(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1．calmadj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的v．(使)平静；(使)镇定下来n．平静；宁静背词条用法(1)calmoneself(使)自己平静下来calm(sb.)down(使某人)平静下来，镇静下来(2)keep/stay/remaincalm保持镇静背写作佳句①Whenmeetingwithdanger,calmingyourselfdownismostessential.遇到危险时，让自己冷静下来是最重要的。②Facedwiththecrisis,thegovernmentstayed/kept/remainedcalmandtooktimelymeasures.面对危机，政府保持镇静并及时采取了措施。2．adaptvi.适应；适合；改编；改写背词条用法(1)adaptoneselfto使自己适应adaptto适应；适合(2)adapt...todo...调整……以做……adapt...from...根据……改写/改编……adapt...for...将……改(编)为……(3)adaptationn.改编本；适应背写作佳句①Toallofyou,freshstudents,howtoadaptyourselvestothenewenvironmentisthefirstthingthatyouhavetoface.对你们所有新生来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是你们必须面对的第一件事。②Mike,MaryandIhadadiscussionabouttheadaptationoftheclassicliteratureyesterday.迈克、玛丽和我昨天讨论了改编古典文学作品的问题。(五)背短语词块——表达出彩，需多积词块才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单元短语再认再现1．stick_out 伸出2．be_sceptical_about 对……怀疑3．be_related_to 与……有关4．throw_light_on/upon 帮助弄清楚；阐明某事；照亮5．die_out 灭绝6．close_to 接近；靠近eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重点短语拓展用活dieout灭绝；(习俗、习惯等)逐渐消失背相关短语dieoff(家族、种族等)相继死去dieof...死于(疾病等内因)……diefrom...死于(外因)……bedyingfor很想要；渴望背写作佳句①Ourplanet'swildlifeisdyingoutatanalarmingrate.我们地球上的野生动物正以惊人的速度灭绝。②YoumentionedthatyouwouldliketoteachEnglishinreturn,whichisexactlywhatIamdyingfor.你提到你想要教英语作为回报，这正是我渴望的。二、背佳句与佳作(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材内句式举一反三1．Heclaimstohaveseenaroundblackcreaturemovingquicklythroughthewater.(动词不定式的完成式：tohavedone，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前)他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。佳句①(2018·北京高考书面表达)Lastweek,IfeltveryproudtohavehadachancetointroduceChineseteaculturetoagroupofAmericanstudents.上周，我很荣幸有机会向一群美国学生介绍中国茶文化。佳句②LangPingisknowntohavebeengivenmorethanonegoldmedalattheOlympic.众所周知，郎平在奥运会上获得了不止一枚金牌。2．Theysaythatthelow­temperaturelakeisunlikelytobeabletosupportsuchlargelivingcreatures.(beunlikelytodosth.“不可能做某事”)他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。佳句①Theexchangestudentwhoneedstomunicateusingpictures,isunlikelytopassthelanguagetestbyhimself.需要用图片交流的交换生不太可能独自通过语言测试。佳句②Seeingthathe'sbeenoffsickallweekhe'sunlikelytoetoday.他请病假整整一周了，所以今天也不大可能来。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主题佳句熟读成诵1．TheYetiissaidtobealarge,hairyanimalthatwalksontwofeetlikeahumanbeing.据说雪人是体形很大多毛的动物，像人一样直立行走。2．We'lltrytogetascloseaspossibletotheanimals,eventhoughtheyaredangerous,sothatwecantakesomereallygoodphotographs.尽管这些动物很危险，我们将尽可能靠近它们以便我们能拍些很好的照片。3．Althoughwecan'tsolvethesemysteries,Ibelievethat,inthefuture,theywilleventuallybeconqueredbyhumanbeings.尽管我们不能解决这些神秘之事，我相信，将来它们最终会被人类攻克。(二)背满分作文——好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点——约稿信(二)[题目要求](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给你的美国朋友Peter写信约稿，要点如下：1．栏目介绍；2.稿件内容；3．稿件长度：约400词；4.交稿日期：12月28日前。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[背范文]DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled“ForeignCultures”，whichenjoysgreatpopularityamongusstudents.Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheirtraditionalfestivalsandcustoms,aswellastheirdailylives.Ibelievethisisawonderfulopportunityforyoutoshareyourownexperienceswithus.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit'sinterestingandinformative.Thelengthofthearticleshouldbelimitedto400wordsorso.Ifyouwanttocontributetoournewspaper,pleaseremembertosubmityourarticlebefore28th,December.I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours，LiHua[学亮点]1．学高级表达(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：enjoygreatpopularity,aswellas,relevant,solongas,informative,contributeto,submit等。(2)准确运用复杂句式结构，如：过去分词短语作定语called“ForeignCultures”和writtenbyforeignfriends；非限制性定语从句whichenjoysgreatpopularityamongusstudents；条件状语从句solongasit'sinterestingandinformative等。这些高级表达为文章增色不少，也彰显了考生的语言功底。2．学精彩结尾结尾使用I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.表达了对回信的期待。3．防微点失分考生容易因无句子成分意识将“Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled‘ForeignCultures’”中的called错误地表达为call，或把“Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit'sinterestingandinformative.”中的anythingrelevant错误地表达为relevantanything，从而导致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺——打牢必备知识[全面练——练清易错微点]Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Yourcoreidentity(身份)iswhatmakesyouunique.2．LeiFengwasamanwhokeptajournal(日记，日志),inwhichherecordedalmostallhisthoughts.3．ItisannouncedthattheplanetJupitermayhavenosolidsurface(表面)atall.4.Themanagerbelievesthatthejobisunlikely(不可能)tobefinishedinside(of)ayear.5．Agrey(灰色的)raincoatwasfoldedoverherarm,soitwasobviousthattherainhadstopped.6.Mistwasrising,andtreesaswellasthevillagebegantodisappear(消失)inamilk­whitehaze.7．Aftergraduation,heenteredanestablishedpanywithagoodreputation(名声，名誉)．8.Heisaconversationalleader,whousedtomanagetocover(涉及)alotofgroundinashorttalk.Ⅱ.根据语境写出加黑部分的汉语意思1．Thepublicremainscepticaloftheseclaims.怀疑的2．Lisasetaboutattackingtheproblemimmediatelyshereturnedfromholiday.奋力处理3．(2019·江苏高考)IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.火山的4．AlaskanEskimosbelievethateverylivingcreaturepossessesaspirit.生物，动物5.(熟词生义)Theywalkedforalongtimeandcoveredagooddealofground.行走(一段路程)6.(熟词生义)(2018·天津高考)Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.敏锐的Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．Sheclaimed(claim)theyhadavoideddoinganythingwhichweremightdamagehergoodfame.2．Thegovernmenthaseunderattackfornotdoingenoughtodealwithterrorism.3．Acloudofvolcanic(volcano)ashwasspreadingacrosswideareasofthePhilippines.4．Herespondedpositively(positive)andacceptedthefeeofD|S1,000Ihadoffered.5．Afterseeingthefrighteningfilm,thefrightenedboywastoofrightenedtowalkhomealoneinthedark.(frighten)6.Aftertheidentificationofvictim'sappearanceandage,thepoliceidentifiedtheidentityofthekiller.(identify)7．Somenaturalmysteriesoftheancienttimesarestillmysterioustopeopletoday.(mystery)8．Peopledestroyforestsandriversfortheirownbenefit.Theirdestructiveactivitiesarelikelytocausethedestructionoftheearth.(destroy)名师点拨“一站清”(1)identity表示“身份”。identification还可表示“确认；鉴定，识别；身份证明”。(2)likely与possible/probable的不同之处在于：likely可用于“belikelytodo”结构；probable的可能性相对较大。(3)disappear的反义词appear除了表示“出现”之外，还可作系动词讲，表示“显得……”。(4)cover单词可考查的意思较多：n.封面；盖子；掩蔽物。v.覆盖，盖住；包括；采访；涉及；行走(一段路程)；读过(书的页码)。(5)sharp的本意是“尖的”，可转化为动词，意为“磨快；把音调提高”。作形容词讲时，sharp的本意是“锋利的”，还可以表示“急剧的，敏捷的，(人的言语)尖酸的、刻薄的”。有时候，该词还可以作副词讲，表示“急剧地，锐利地，突然地”。[重点练——深化高频考点]1．calm[明其义]adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的v．(使)平静；(使)镇定下来n．平静；宁静[通其用]单句语法填空①Shewasbreathingdeeplyandtriedtocalmherself(she).②Thepolicefoundthatitwasdifficulttocalmdowntheangrycrowd.③It'snousetryingtopersuadehimagain,heisunlikelyto_calm(calm)himselfdown.[解其困]不同的“静”：silent“寂静的，沉默的”；still“静止的，不动的”；quiet“安静的，宁静的”；peaceful“平静的，和平的”。2．adapt[明其义]vi.适应；适合；改编；改写[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Third­culturekidsmaynotbeabletoadaptthemselves(they)pletelytotheirnewsurroundingsasexpected.②Adapted(adapt)fromJ．K.Rowling'sbookseriesofthesametitle,the“HarryPotter”moviesareuniversallyacknowledgedasclassics.③Thefamousexpertadaptedhisspeechto_suit(suit)theinterestsofhisaudience.(2)句式升级④Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,ifitwasadaptedfortelevision,wouldbeahit.(改为省略句)→Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,if_adapted_for_television,_wouldbeahit.[解其困](1)adaptto中的to为介词，后跟名词、代词、动名词；意思为“适应，适合”。(2)注意adapt与adopt在拼写和意思上的差别。adopt是“采纳；收养”的意思。3．fortune[明其义]n．运气；命运；财富[通其用](1)单句语法填空①Ihadthegoodfortuneto_be_chosen(choose)forstudyingabroad.②Ifwe'refortunateinachievingsuccess,wewillbefilledwithexcitementandjoy.③Fortunately(fortune),Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgewasclosed.(2)补全句子④InChina,childrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobring_good_fortuneintheNewYear.在中国，孩子们得到装在红包里的压岁钱，以祈求在新的一年带来好运。[解其困]fortune意为“机会；运气”时，是不可数名词；意为“财富，财产”时，是可数名词。学案(二)词块、句式的活学活用——强化关键能力[词块的验收盘点]Ⅰ.词块点点练——选词填空stickout，bescepticalabout，berelatedto，throwlighton，dieout，closeto，tothepoint，cutoff，runafter，dueto1．Whatmakesuspuzzledisthatyourstatementdoesnotthrow_light_onthesubject.2.Theprojecthadtobeabandoneddue_toalackofgovernmentfunding.3.Theywrotethenoticeinbigredletterssothatitwouldstick_out.4.Asthesayinggoes,ifyourun_aftertwohares,youwillcatchneither.5．Iamrathersceptical_abouttheirchanceofwinningthoughtheyarequiteconfident.6．Ourvillageisclose_totherailwaystation,soIcanlistentothetrainforfree.7．Thecloseddoorcut_offmostofthesoundfrominside,sotheflatisfairlyfine.8．Wealthisseldomrelated_tohappiness,butthereisnohappinesswithoutmoney.9．Withtimeflying,thecustomofwearingvestsseemstobedying_out.10.Ourteacherdemandedthatwhatwewriteshouldkeepto_the_point.名师点拨“一站清”(1)dueto“因为，由于”，其他表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：becauseof,onaccountof,owingto,asaresultof,resultfrom。(2)stickout“突出，醒目”，类似用法的还有：standout“突出，杰出，站出来”；highlight“突出，强调，使显著”。(3)runafter“追赶，追逐”，其相当于goafter“追求，追逐”。(4)tothepoint“中肯，切题”，其他关于point的短语还有：pointout指出，指明；atthispoint这时候，此时此刻；startingpoint出发点，起始点；keypoint关键点，要点；onthepoint即将……的时候，即将……的，在……点上；turningpoint转折点；pointat指向，瞄准。Ⅱ.易错对对碰——辨析比较1．existinVSexiston比较①Theworkerearnedlittlemoneyamonth,sohehadtoexist_ononlyfastnoodles.②Dozensofunexplainedmysteriesexist_in_theworld,whichkeepstheexplorerspuzzled.辨清existon“依靠……生存”；existin“存在于……”。2．stickoutVSsticktoVSstandoutVSstandby比较①Theytooknonoticeofhim,forhedidnotstand_out,_andhewasinnowayremarkable.②Imanagedtostick_tothedietandkeepoffsweetfoods.③Ifyourearsarelargeorstick_out,_pickahatthatwillcoverthem.④Iwouldn'tbreakthelawforafriend,butIwouldstand_byherifshedid.辨清stickout伸出；stickto坚持；standout突出，显眼；standby继续支持(尤指身处困境的人)。[句式的验收盘点]动词不定式的完成式：tohavedone，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前[通其用]补全句子①Iknowhimto_have_beenagoodbasketballplayerwhileincollege.我知道他在大学是一个好篮球运动员。②I'msorryto_be_keeping_the_light_onafterIlefttheroom.我很抱歉当我离开了房间后让房间一直亮着灯了。③Thatbeggarseems_not_to_have_eatenanythingyesterday.昨天那乞丐似乎没有吃任何东西。④Youlooklight­hearted,andnothingseemsto_have_happenedtoyou.你看起来轻松，好像什么事也没发生。⑤Itisanhonorformeto_be_asked_to_speak_here.我很荣幸应邀在这里讲话。[解其困]动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。(1)一般式(to＋动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。(2)进行式(tobe＋现在分词)：表示主句谓语动词表示的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。(3)完成式(tohave＋过去分词)：表示在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前发生的事情。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘——提升学科素养2019江苏高考·阅读理解B篇——对接课标主题：地球与宇宙奥秘探索(一)精读真题——拓展语言能力(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法)[1]Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzled①aboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedfor②allitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindthe[2]Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkably③quickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtopped④outatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.[3]JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh­altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow­up⑤foroneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.［析微点·厚积语言基础］①微积累——puzzle的派生词puzzledadj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的puzzlen. 谜；智力游戏v. 迷惑；使困惑bepuzzledabout 对……迷惑不解②微积累——account短语小结：accountfor 解释；导致onaccountof 由于；因为onnoaccount决不(位于句首句子要部分倒装)③微积累——remark及其派生词remarkablyadv. 非常地，出乎意料地remarkableadj. 非凡的；奇异的；显著的remarkv．&n. 评论；谈论④微积累——熟词生义：topn．顶；顶部；顶端(熟义)adj.最高的；很好的(熟义)v．居……之首；为……之冠；高于；超过(生义)topout达到顶点；到最高点⑤微技法——词义猜测题解题技巧：做词义猜测题时，一定要结合上下文。上下文往往通过不同的词汇表达间接指明画线词的意思。在最后一段画线词blow­up后面一句中出现了thephotos，定冠词一般特指前面提及的事物，故photo指的就是blow­up。[理脉络——内化读文规律](二)解析真题——感悟素养立意[考什么·怎么考——真题再做]58．WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A．Itsplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B．Itsever­lastinginfluenceontourism.C．Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D．Theexactlocationofthevolcano.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano”可知，BobChristiansen对黄石国家公园的火山的准确位置感到困惑。59．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theshapesofvolcanoes.B．Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C．Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D．Theheightsofvolcanoes.解析：选A段落大意题。根据第二段的内容尤其是“Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro”和“asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding...avasthole”可知，该段主要讲两类火山的形态。60．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow­up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Hot­airballoon. B．Digitalcamera.C．Bigphotograph. D．Bird'sview.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“NASAdecidedto...bytakingphotographsofYellowstone”和该段第三句的“AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos...wascaldera.”可知，NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片，Christiansen在照片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知，blow­up意为“放大的照片”。[为什么考·有何价值——导向解读]一、发展思维品质文中第59题考查学生的系统性思维。第二段主要介绍了两种火山的形成过程，一种是形成圆锥体形状的火山，富士山和乞力马扎罗山就是其典型代表；另外一种是通过爆裂岩浆而形成巨大裂口的火山，而黄石国家公园就是这一种，所以第二段主要讲述了火山的形态。选项C和D虽然都有提到，但不是主要内容，属于以偏概全。只有A项涵盖性强，覆盖了全段内容。解答此题，学生要学会系统思考问题，不能“只见树木不见森林”。二、聚焦核心价值本文是一篇说明文。文章是对黄石国家公园的相关探索。本篇旨在提升学生对自然遗产的认知，爱护大自然，保护自然环境，自觉地保护千百年来人类创造的文明成果和亿万年来大自然创造的美妙景观，追求人与自然的共处并荣、文化与环境的和谐一致。现代科学技术的飞速发展大大增强了人类改造自然和利用自然的能力，但是人类对自然的认识还是相当有限的，在自然科学各个领域仍然有不少问题需要人们去探索。只有不断深化和拓展对自然的认识，发现和掌握客观规律，用于指导实践，才能正确处理人与自然的关系，为实现人与自然和谐相处创造有利条件。(三)借力真题——发掘学习能力Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thesefeatures(feature)aredesignedtoaidinexperiencedusers.2．Exceptfortheremarkably(remarkable)tidykitchen，theplaceisamess.3．Manyspeciesofplantsandanimalsareindangerof_extinction_(extinct),soit'shightimethatweshouldtakeactiontoprotectthem.4．Trainscurrentlyinusetopoutatabout167milesperhour.5．Thestormwassoviolent_(violence)thatwehadtocanceloursportsmeeting.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Thepolicewere_puzzled_about(对……感到困惑)howtheaccidentcouldhavehappenedinsuchaway.2．Howdoyouaccount_for(解释)thefactthatunemploymentisstillrising?3．Fromwhatyousaid,hemust_have_told_you(一定是告诉了你)allaboutit.Ⅲ.分析长难句1．Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.[句式解构]本句是一个含有一个时间状语从句和一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是BobChristiansen;became是系动词。whilestudying...是时间状语从句的省略形式；that,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore是定语从句，修饰先行词something;hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano作something的同位语。[句意翻译]20世纪60年代，Bob_Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时，奇怪的是，他对一件以前竟然从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑：他找不到公园的火山。2．Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.[句式解构]本句是一个含有两个状语从句和一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是mostofus，谓语是think_of。whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes与wheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup为时间状语从句；whicharecreated为定语从句，修饰先行词theclassiccone(圆锥体)shapes。[句意翻译]当谈到火山时，我们大多数人都会想到的是富士山或乞力马扎罗山这样经典的圆锥体形状，这是由喷发的岩浆堆积产成的。Ⅳ.主题语境写作如今越来越多的外国游客来中国，他们尤其喜欢中国的一些有着文化底蕴的自然风光，请你给即将到中国旅游的外国游客们推荐一处自然景观。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：ThetopattractionthatIremendtotheforeignfriendsisMountainTai.LocatedinthemiddleofShandongProvince,MountainTairanksthefirstofthe“Five课下主题训练地球与宇宙奥秘探索Ⅰ.阅读理解AVeniceisbuilton118smallislandsinthemiddleoftheVenetianLagoonoftheAdriaticSeainNorthernItaly.Thebeautifulcityexperienceswatersurges(汹涌)fromtherisingtidesatleastfourtimesayear,usuallyduringwinter.However,the1.87­metertidethatsweptthroughthecityonNovember12,2019,wasoneofthehighesteverexperienced,secondonlytothe1.94­meterwavethatfloodedVenicein1966.Tomakemattersworse,itwasfollowedbytwowatersurges,bothtopping1.5metersonNovember15and17.Therapidseriesofhightidescoveredover80percentofthecityofcanals,causingwidespreaddestructiontomuseums,homesandbusinesses.Thoughdifficult,itisalwaysimportanttofindahopeinsuchevents.InVenice,ithaseintheformofthe“AngelsoftheSalt”—hundredsofyoungvolunteerswhocametothecity.TheyoungpeoplefromalloverItalywerealerted(提醒注意)tothesituationbyVeniceCalls,anorganizationconsistingof35youngstudents.Itsspokesperson,PieroRisica,toldCNN,“WhenwesawthehistoricfloodingonTuesdaynight,November12,weimmediatelystartedtogathervolunteerstohelpthecity.Thefirstdaywewere200,yesterday550,andtodaymorethan1,700.”Besideshelpingremovethefloodwatersfromneighbourhoods,thevolunteerswerealsoremovingthegarbageonthestreet.SomevolunteerscametoVenice'sMusicConservatory,whichsufferedwaterdamage.BecauseoftheworkofvolunteerslikeMaria,whohadbeencarefullyusingpapertowel(纸巾)toabsorbwaterfromhistoricmanuscripts(手稿)thatwerewetwithsaltwater,manyhistoricmanuscriptsintheMusicConservatorywererescued.What'supsettingVenetiansisthatthedisastercouldhavebeenavoidediftheMoveableBarrierSystemhadbeeninplace.Thisprojecttoplacemoveablefloodgatesthatwouldpreventthehightideshasbeenunderconstructionsince2003,andhasalreadycostD|S5billion.However,duetothecostoverruns,andoppositionfromsomepeopleconcernedabouttheproject'simpactontheweakcanalecosystem,itisnowhereclosetopletion.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。威尼斯遭遇了潮水入侵，对该城市造成了很大破坏。1．WhatmakesVenicestruggleaccordingtothetext?A．Thelocationofthecity.B．Thelackofenoughcitycanals.C．Theunpredictableweatherinwinter.D．Thedestructionofseasonalwatersurges.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thebeautifulcity...duringwinter.”和第二段中的“causingwidespreaddestructiontomuseums,homesandbusinesses”可知答案。2．WhatcanbeinferredfromPieroRisica'swords?A．VeniceCallscanpredicttheflooding.B．VeniceCallsisactiveinfightingdisasters.C．VolunteersinVenicearebraveandrespectful.D．VolunteersinVeniceareshockedbythedisaster.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“VeniceCalls...weimmediatelystartedtogathervolunteerstohelpthecity”可知，在应对灾难面前，VeniceCalls工作很积极。3．WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph4?A．Whatvolunteersdidtohelpthecity.B．Howvolunteerssavedthehistoricmanuscripts.C．WhywatersurgeswerehighlydestructiveinVenice.D．WhatdamagewatersurgescausedtoVenice'sMusicConservatory.解析：选A段落大意题。第四段主要讲述了水灾发生后志愿者所做的工作。4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheMoveableBarrierSystem?A．Critical. B．Regretful.C．Confused. D．Doubtful.解析：选B观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“thedisastercouldhavebeenavoidediftheMoveableBarrierSystemhadbeeninplace”可知，作者对MoveableBarrierSystem没有投入使用感到惋惜。BWithoutbreaksofinfectious(感染性的)diseasesmakingheadlinesaroundtheworld,scientistsareunderpressuretounderstandthedriversthatinfluencethetransmissionofpathogens(病菌的传播)inordertobetterpredictandcontroldiseaseoutbreaks.InthewildsofBotswana,apathogencalledM.mungihasadifferentwayofinfectingthebandedmongoose(asmallfurryanimalthatkillssnakesandrats).Thepathogenspreadsfromanimaltoanimalthroughscent(气味)marks.“Scentmarksaredepositedintotheenvironmentandcontainsmellsignalsthatconveyinformationfromonemongoosetoanother，”explainedKathleenAlexander,awildlifebiologist,wholedthenewstudy.Toconducttheirexperiment,AlexanderandCaroleAnneNicholsmonitoredthemovementsandmunicationofabout500bandedmongoosesinprotectedparklandscapes,urbanenvironments,andotherplaceswithvaryingcharacteristicsinBotswana.Inthisway,researcherswereabletogaininsightintothemannerinwhichlandtypeandanimalbehaviorinteracttoinfluencethespreadofthepathogen.Theresultwasaprehensivedatasetofmongoosebehavioralinteractionsacrossarangeoflandscapetypes.Inhigh­traffic,predator­rich(食肉动物多的)environments,suchasurbancentersornationalparks,themongoosesstayedconstantlyalerted(警觉的),devotingtheirenergytoscanningthesurroundingenvironmentandpreparingthemselvesforescaping.Thissuperawarenesslikelykeptthemsafefromdanger,butitalsogreatlycurtailedtheircontactwithothers,reducingthepossibilitythatM.mungiwouldspread.“Ifyou'rerunningfromapredator,you'renotstoppingtoleaveamessageforotheranimals，”Nicholssays.“You'rerunningforyourlife.”Buttheoppositewastrueattourismcabins,wherepredatorsarescarceandfood,whichisoftenleftbyhumanhands,iseasytofind.Here,themongoosesspentagoodamountoftimemarkingscent,creatingalotofopportunitiesforthepathogentospread.PreviousstudiesbyAlexanderhavepulledbackthemaskonhowanimalbehaviorshapesthespreadofdisease.Thesenewfindings,however,addanotherlayerofdifferencetothespreadofdisease,stressingtheroleofenvironments.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于缟獴(bandedmongoose)的研究揭示了环境会影响传染病的传播。5．What'sthepurposeofmarkingscentbybandedmongooses?A．Totrackdownsnakesandrats.B．Tobetteradapttotheenvironment.C．Toshareinformationwitheachother.D．Toprotectthemselvesfrompathogens.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scentmarks...conveyinformationfromonemongoosetoanother.”可知，缟獴之间利用气味相互交流。6．WhatdidAlexanderandNicholsdoduringtheexperiment?A．Analyzedthespreadingwayofthepathogen.B．Markedthecharacteristicsofdifferentlandtypes.C．Collectedpreviousdataaboutbandedmongooses'behavior.D．Observedbandedmongooseacrossarangeofenvironments.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“...monitoredthemovements...andotherplaceswithvaryingcharacteristicsinBotswana.”可知，Alexander和Nichols在不同环境下观察缟獴的行为。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curtailed”inParagraph4mean?A．Decreased. B．Explained.C．Replaced. D．Repeated.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第四段画线单词后的“...you'renotstoppingtoleaveamessageforotheranimals”可知，这种状况会“减少”缟獴之间的接触。8．What'sthefindingofAlexanderandNichols'snewresearch?A．Predatorscanspeedupthespreadofdiseases.B．Environmentscaninfluencethesp