分词作状语专业知识讲座

形式意义v.ing(doing)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。Having+v.-ed(havingdone)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。v.-ed(done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系1.分词作状语形式的选择being+v.-ed(beingdone) 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。havingbeen+v-ed(havingbeendone)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词发生。2.分词作状语的基本原则1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。2）分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。1）Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.2)Givenmuchmoretime,hewoulddoitbetter.Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.（beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作，他就回家了。分词作状语1.作时间状语1）Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttoplayfootball.2)Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.2.作原因状语1）Notknowinghisaddress,shewenttoapolicemanforhelp.2)Beingill,hewaslateforschool.3.作伴随状语1)Hestoodagainstthedoor,readinganewspaper.(表伴随情况)2)Istayedupverylate,preparingmyspeech.(说明细节情况)4.作条件状语1）Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.2)Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksverybeautiful.5.作让步状语Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.6.作结果状语1）Shewascaughtinaheavyrain,fallingill.2)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.注：现在分词作结果状语，表示由谓语动词部分所造成的结果。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.1）表时间状语2)表原因状语Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.

Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.）既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表结果Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表条件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead

6)表让步

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.

(伴随动作)

2)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.

(原因)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.条件3)Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.条件4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴随5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.方式6)(When)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.(时间,可以在分词前保留when)

7)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.结果Practise:Theysetout____forthe____boy.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.doesn’tknowingB.didn’tknowingC.notknowD.notknowingBD现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)(3)Hesatthere_____,withhisheadonhishand.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthoughtB1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.ToprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.MakingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeB现在分词表结果状语A现在分词作伴随状语高考链接3.“Can’tyouread”Marysaid_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointingA现在分词作伴随状语4.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownCA现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。作原因状语1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeein