河南省濮阳市2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省濮阳市2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题第一部分．阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALouisPasteuroncesaid,“Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.”That’sthetruthbehindthefollowinginventions—thescientistswerepreparedandwereabletoseethemagicinamistake.MauveIn1856,WilliamPerkinwastryingtocomeupwithanartificialmedicine,buthisexperimentsproducedathickmess.ButthemorePerkinlookedatit,themorehesawabeautifulcolorinhismess.Turnsouthehadmademauve,thefirst-eversyntheticdye(合成染料),whichwasfarbetterthananynaturaldyes:thecolorwasbrighter,clearer,anddidn’tfadeorwashout.SuperglueThissuper-stickysubstancewasdiscoveredbyaccident—twice!ChemistHarryCooverhadbeenattemptingtomakeclearplasticgunsights,andin1942onemethodhetestedproducedanextremelyquickbondingadhesive(黏合剂).Itwasuselessforhisgunsights,though,andheforgotaboutituntilalmosttenyearslater,whenhecameacrossitagainwhiledevelopingheat-resistantpartsforairplanes.Thistimeherealiseditspotential,andtheproductwasputonthemarket.PlasticIn1907,shellac(虫胶)wasusedinelectronics.Itwascostly,soAmericanchemistLeoHendrikBaekelandtriedtoproduceanalternative.Instead,hisexperimentsproducedamaterialthatcouldtakehightemperatures.Helaterdevelopeditintoplastic,anditwassoonusedintheproductionofalmosteverything.TeflonBackinthe1930s,YoungDuPontchemistRoyPlunkettwasworkingtomakeanewkindofCFCforrefrigeration.Afterstoringthegasincertaincontainers,heopenedonetodiscoverthatithadchangedintoawhitepowderthatwasextremelystickyandhadaveryhighmeltingpoint.Threeyearslater,thesubstance,whichwasnamedTeflon,waspatented.1.Whichinventioncameoutearliest?A.Mauve. B.Superglue. C.Plastic. D.Teflon.2.Whorecognizedthevalueofhisoriginalinventionwhendevelopingairplaneparts?A.WilliamPerkin. B.HarryCoover. C.LeoHendrik. D.RoyPlunkett.3.Whatdotheinventionshaveincommon?A.Theyweremadebyaccident. B.Theycouldtakehightemperatures.C.Theyreceivednorecognitionatfirst. D.Theycouldbeusedinmedicalfields.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了科学家在偶然的错误中发现的几项伟大发明。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一部分的In1856，第二部分的in1942，第三部分的In1907以及第四部分的Backinthe1930s可知，Mauve是最早发明的。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Superglue中“ChemistHarryCooverhadbeenattemptingtomakeclearplasticgunsights,andin1942onemethodhetestedproducedanextremelyquickbondingadhesive(黏合剂).Itwasuselessforhisgunsights,though,andheforgotaboutituntilalmosttenyearslater,whenhecameacrossitagainwhiledevelopingheat-resistantpartsforairplanes.Thistimeherealiseditspotential,andtheproductwasputonthemarket.”（化学家哈里·库弗(HarryCoover)一直在尝试制造清晰的塑料枪瞄准具，1942年，他测试了一种方法，产生了一种极快的粘合粘合剂。然而，它对他的枪瞄准具毫无用处，直到近十年后，他才把它忘了，当时他在开发飞机的耐热部件时再次发现了它。这一次，他意识到了它的潜力，并将产品推向了市场。）可知，HarryCoover在开发飞机零件时认识到他的原始发明的价值。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“LouisPasteuroncesaid,“Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.”That’sthetruthbehindthefollowinginventions—thescientistswerepreparedandwereabletoseethemagicinamistake.”（路易斯·巴斯德曾经说过:“机会总是青睐有准备的人。”这就是以下发明背后的真相——科学家们准备好了，并且能够在错误中看到奇迹）可知，这几项发明都是在偶然的错误中发明出来的。故选A项。BJillWheatleywasaPEteacherinGermany.OntheweekendsshecompetedinmarathonsaroundEurope.Butlifethrewheraneardeadlyblow.WhileteachingaPEclass,shewashitintheheadwithabaseball.Theimpactwassogreatitleftherwithabraininjuryand70percentvisionloss,permanentlyblindingherinoneeye.Shespent26monthsinsevendifferenthospitals,attimeswishingitwouldjustallend.Desperately,Wheatleysetouttofindcomfortandhealinginnature.ShetravelledtoNepalwhereafriendconvincedhertorunintheAnnapurna100withhim.Thepowerfromthatracechangedherlifeandeventuallyhadherlookingupatthetopsofthemountains.ProjectVision8000wasborn.Andshebeganhermissiontostandontopoftheworld’s14highestmountains,towering8,000metresabovesealevel,toshowherselfandothersthepowerinchoiceandpossibility.Colours,andtouchhelpguideheronthemountainandshehasneveroncefelttootiredtocarryon.“Theonlythingconstantischange,sowhentheweathergetsreallybadorastormiscomingin,Iknowitisgoingtopass.”Sofar,she’shadfewproblemsstandingamonggiants,butsheadmitsshecontinuestostrugglewithovercoming:the“mountainsofhermind”.Havingalreadystareddeathintheface,Wheatleyhasgreatrespectforthemountainsandthemissionsheison.Butshe’snotseared.Theexperiencealmostclaimedherlife,butitisnowthedrivingforceandfuelbehindhersuccess.Ateveryicypeak,shesmilesandtakesaquickvideowithabreathless“soverythankful”whisperedintothethinair.4.WhathappenedtoWheatleyaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Shecamelastinarace. B.Shesufferedheadinjury.C.Shelosthersightcompletely. D.Shewasattackedinaclass.5.WhatdroveWheatleytolaunchProjectVision8000?A.Herexplorationofnature.B.Herfriend’stimelysuggestions.C.Herstrongloveforsports.D.HerparticipationintheAnnapurna100.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutWheatleyfromthelastparagraph?A.Herattitudetowardadversitywasreshaped.B.Shewasusedtopoorweatherconditions.C.Sheignoredthemountainsofhermind.D.Hernaturehelpedherovercomefear.7.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Everypeakiswithinreach.B.Losesighttogainvision.C.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.D.Naturewillworkitscourse.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇短文主要讲述了JillWheatley脑部受损并丧失了70%的视力，永久性失明一只眼睛。她决定通过登山来寻找安慰和康复。【4题详析】细节理解题。由文章第一段“JillWheatleywasaPEteacherinGermany.OntheweekendsshecompetedinmarathonsaroundEurope.Butlifethrewheraneardeadlyblow.WhileteachingaPEclass,shewashitintheheadwithabaseball.Theimpactwassogreatitleftherwithabraininjuryand70percentvisionloss,permanentlyblindingherinoneeye.(JillWheatley是德国的一名体育老师。周末，她参加了欧洲各地的马拉松比赛。但生活给了她近乎致命的打击。在教体育课时，她被棒球击中了头部。撞击非常严重，导致她脑部受伤，视力下降70%，一只眼睛永久失明。)”可知，JillWheatley头部受伤了。故选B项。【5题详析】推理判断题。由文章第二段“ShetravelledtoNepalwhereafriendconvincedhertorunintheAnnapurna100withhim.Thepowerfromthatracechangedherlifeandeventuallyhadherlookingupatthetopsofthemountains.ProjectVision8000wasborn.(她去了尼泊尔，一位朋友说服她和他一起参加安纳普尔纳100赛。那场比赛的力量改变了她的生活，最终让她抬头仰望山顶。ProjectVision8000诞生了。)”可知，JillWheatley参加了安纳普尔纳100强赛，从而推动了ProjectVision8000项目。故选D项。【6题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Theexperiencealmostclaimedherlife,butitisnowthedrivingforceandfuelbehindhersuccess.Ateveryicypeak,shesmilesandtakesaquickvideowithabreathless‘soverythankful’whisperedintothethinair.(这段经历几乎夺去了她的生命，但现在它是她成功背后的动力和燃料。在每一个结冰的山峰上，她都会微笑着拍下一段快速的视频，并在稀薄的空气中低声说一句‘非常感谢’。)”可知，JillWheatley对逆境的态度得到了改变。故选A项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。由文章第一段“WhileteachingaPEclass,shewashitintheheadwithabaseball.Theimpactwassogreatitleftherwithabraininjuryand70percentvisionloss,permanentlyblindingherinoneeye.(在教体育课时，她被棒球击中了头部。撞击非常严重，导致她脑部受伤，视力下降70%，一只眼睛永久失明。)”和最后一段“Ateveryicypeak,shesmilesandtakesaquickvideowithabreathless‘soverythankful’whisperedintothethinair.(在每一个结冰的山峰上，她都会微笑着拍下一段快速的视频，并在稀薄的空气中低声说一句‘非常感谢’。)”以及文章上下文可知，文章主要讲述JillWheatley眼睛受伤失明，但她没有放弃，而通过爬山拓宽了视野。所以B项Losesighttogainvision(失明拓宽了视野)符合文意。故选B项。CWillartificialintelligence(AI)replacemyjob?Thisisaquestionthatmanypeoplethinkaboutthesedays.Atpresent,theapplicationofAIroboticsinprofessionalfields,aswellasChatGPT’sabilitiestowriteessays,solvecomplexproblemsandmore,haveheightenedmoralconcerns.SomepeopleseeAIastheultimatecureforsociety’smostfundamentalproblems,whileothersfearthatAIwillovertakehumanintelligence.ThesetwoviewsarebasedontheassumptionthatAIisbetterandsmarterthanhumanityandmayultimatelyreplacehumandecision-making.Butgiventhefactthattechnologyistheproductofhumancivilization,thechallengefromAIissomethingwehavecreatedforourselvesaswekeeppushingourownboundaries.Inotherwords,AI’sprogress,functionsandfuturedirectionarealldeterminedbythehumanbrain.BeforeAIbecomesathreattohumanity,theinternationalcommunityshouldreachanagreementontheroleitistoplay.Moreimportantly,relatedlawsandregulationsmustensurethatAIwillbenefitsocietyandpreventitfromthreateninghumanlife.Robots,forexample,arebelievedtodevelopemotionalintelligencesometime,whichenablesthemtorecognize,understandandexpressemotionsinawaythatissimilartohumans,butwemustavoidAIcopyinghumanemotions.Withoutlegalrestrictions,AImaybecomeasocialdisaster.TheAI-drivennewindustrialrevolutionisirreversible.This,likepreviousones,whichintroducedchangesthathadbeenunimaginablebefore,willcertainlyaffecthumanemployment.Butitalwaysturnedouthumanitywasabletoadapttoeachindustrialrevolutionandcreatenewformsofemployment.Therefore,it’sunnecessarytoworryAIwillreplaceourjobs.Whiletechnologyadvancesatarapidpace,whatweneedtodoistowelcometheAIeraratherthanblockitsunfoldingforfearoftheunknown.8.WhyaresomepeopleconcernedaboutAI?A.Itmayoutsmarthumans. B.Ithasledtosocialproblems.C.Ithasbeenappliedwidely. D.Itistheproductofhumanity.9.HowcanwepreventAI’spotentialthreat?A.Bystirringemotions. B.Byblockingfunctions.C.Bysettingrestrictions. D.Bychangingregulations.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“irreversible”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Undesirable. B.Unavoidable.C.Unpredictable. D.Unbelievable.11.WhatdoesthewritersuggestreadersdowiththecomingoftheAIera?A.Acceptitpassively. B.Dealwithitpositively.C.Respondtoitrandomly. D.Defenditunconditionally.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了人工智能在人类社会中的角色和挑战。虽然一些人担心人工智能可能会取代人类的工作，但作者认为，人类创造了AI，并且在AI的进展、功能和未来方向上拥有决定性的作用。同时，作者也强调了适应新工业革命的必要性，相信人类可以适应新形势，创造新的就业形式。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“SomepeopleseeAIastheultimatecureforsociety’smostfundamentalproblems,whileothersfearthatAIwillovertakehumanintelligence.ThesetwoviewsarebasedontheassumptionthatAIisbetterandsmarterthanhumanityandmayultimatelyreplacehumandecision-making.(一些人认为人工智能是解决社会最根本问题的终极良方，而另一些人则担心人工智能将超越人类的智慧。这两种观点都是基于人工智能比人类更好、更聪明，最终可能取代人类决策的假设)”可知，一些人担心人工智能将超越人类的智慧，这是基于他们认为人工智能比人类更好、更聪明，最终可能取代人类决策的假设。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Moreimportantly,relatedlawsandregulationsmustensurethatAIwillbenefitsocietyandpreventitfromthreateninghumanlife.(更重要的是，相关法律法规必须确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命)”可知，我们可以通过相关法律法规确保人工智能造福社会，防止其威胁人类生命。故选C。【10题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“This,likepreviousones,whichintroducedchangesthathadbeenunimaginablebefore,willcertainlyaffecthumanemployment.(这就像以前一样，带来了以前无法想象的变化，肯定会影响到人类的就业)”可知，人工智能驱动的新工业革命就像以前一样会带来无法想象的变化，一定会影响到人类的就业，因此人工智能驱动的新工业革命是不可避免的。故划线词与B选项“Unavoidable(不可避免的)”为同义词。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore,it’sunnecessarytoworryAIwillreplaceourjobs.Whiletechnologyadvancesatarapidpace,whatweneedtodoistowelcometheAIeraratherthanblockitsunfoldingforfearoftheunknown.(因此，不必担心人工智能会取代我们的工作。虽然技术正在快速发展，但我们需要做的是欢迎人工智能时代的到来，而不是因为害怕未知而阻止它的发展)”可知，作者建议对于未来的人工智能时代的到来，不要因为害怕而去阻止它，而是应该欢迎人工智能时代的到来，即积极地对待它。故选B。DThenaturalworldprovideshumanswithessentialservices.Forinstance,forestschannelwaterintoriversthatirrigatecropswhiletheirrootspreventlandslides.Overdecades,therefore,governmentshavemadepromisesaboutpreservingtheworld’sbiodiversity.However,thosepromiseshavebeenbrokenmanytimes,whichhascausedthedepressingdestructionofnaturalenvironments.Onesteptowardsavoidingyetmoredisappointmentistoemphasizethecloselinkbetweenpreservingbiodiversityandthewidelyheldgoalofreachingnet-zerocarbonemissions.Unfortunately,lessknownisthelinkbetweenthem.Giventhatbiodiversityhasanimportantroleinmeetingthesecarbon-reductiongoals,youmightthinkitwouldfeaturehighlyinthenet-emissionsplans.Notso.Forexample,facedwithtighterregulationofemissions,manycompaniesarenowchannelingmoretimeandcashtotheirfirms’carbonfootprintsreductionandenergytransition,yettheplanshavetoolittletosayaboutbiodiversity.Thatneedstochange.Saleguardingbiodiversityisanefficientwaytocontrolcarbonemissions.Companiesandinvestmentfirmsshouldpaymoreattentiontotheopportunitiesfrompreservingecosystems.Byinvestinginbiodiversity—directingcapitaltoprojectsthatrepairanecosystem—companiescanoffset(抵消)theiremissions.Bysomeestimates,projectstomanagecarbon-richwetlandsandtoreforestclearedandcouldprovidemorethanone-thirdoftheemissionsreductionsthatareneededtopreventmorethan2°Cofglobalwarming.Keytomanagingmorecapitalisbettermeasurementsothatthelinkbetweeninvestmentinnaturalprojects,biodiversityandcarbonismadeclear.Todaysomeso-calledcarbon-offsetprojectsthatinvolvefirmspayingmoneytoarequestionableandnotsupportedbyevidence.Betterguidelinesandpracticecanhelpandsocannewtechnology.Dronesandsatellitescanimprovethemeasurementofbiodiversityandaccountingsystemscanmeasurehowspendingonbiodiversitycompareswithpouringcashintootherkindsofcarbonmanagement.12.Whatdoweknowaboutbiodiversity?A.Itsimportanceisundervalued. B.Itslinkwithcarbonemissionsisclear.C.Itisthesourceofcarbondioxide. D.Igetspromisedbenefitsfromgovernments.13.Whyis“manycompanies”mentionedinparagraph3?A.Toclarifyarule. B.Tomakeaconclusion.C.Toexplainaplan. D.Tosupportanopinion.14.Whatisthebenefitofsafeguardingbiodiversity?A.Rebuildingwetlands. B.Redirectingcapital.C.Cuttingcarbonemissions. D.Transformingenergy.15.Whatmessagedoesthewriterconveyinthetext?A.Thenaturalworlddeservesmoreinvestment.B.Thekeytomanagingcapitalisnewregulations.C.Itishardtoachievenet-zerocarbonemissions.D.Itisworthwhilespendingmoneyoncleanenergy.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章强调了生物多样性的重要性，呼吁人们对自然界进行投资。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Onesteptowardsavoidingyetmoredisappointmentistoemphasizethecloselinkbetweenpreservingbiodiversityandthewidelyheldgoalofreachingnet-zerocarbonemissions.Unfortunately,lessknownisthelinkbetweenthem.(避免更多失望的一个步骤是强调保护生物多样性与实现净零碳排放的广泛目标之间的密切联系。不幸的是，它们之间的联系鲜为人知。)”以及第三段中“Giventhatbiodiversityhasanimportantroleinmeetingthesecarbon-reductiongoals,youmightthinkitwouldfeaturehighlyinthenet-emissionsplans.Notso.(鉴于生物多样性在实现这些碳减排目标方面发挥着重要作用，你可能会认为它将在净排放计划中占据重要地位。不是这样的。)”可知，生物多样性的重要性被低估了。故选A项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Giventhatbiodiversityhasanimportantroleinmeetingthesecarbon-reductiongoals,youmightthinkitwouldfeaturehighlyinthenet-emissionsplans.Notso.Forexample,facedwithtighterregulationofemissions,manycompaniesarenowchannelingmoretimeandcashtotheirfirms’carbonfootprintsreductionandenergytransition,yettheplanshavetoolittletosayaboutbiodiversity.(鉴于生物多样性在实现这些碳减排目标方面发挥着重要作用，你可能会认为它将在净排放计划中占据重要地位。不是这样的。例如，面对更严格的排放监管，许多公司现在将更多的时间和资金投入到公司的碳足迹减少和能源转型中，但这些计划对生物多样性的提及太少。)”可知，本段提到了“许多公司”是为了支持一种观点，生物多样性没有被重视起来。故选D项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Saleguardingbiodiversityisanefficientwaytocontrolcarbonemissions.(保护生物多样性是控制碳排放的有效途径。)”可知，保护生物多样性的好处是减少碳排放。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Keytomanagingmorecapitalisbettermeasurementsothatthelinkbetweeninvestmentinnaturalprojects,biodiversityandcarbonismadeclear.(管理更多资本的关键是更好地衡量，以便明确对自然项目、生物多样性和碳的投资之间的联系。)”“Dronesandsatellitescanimprovethemeasurementofbiodiversityandaccountingsystemscanmeasurehowspendingonbiodiversitycompareswithpouringcashintootherkindsofcarbonmanagement.(无人机和卫星可以改善对生物多样性的衡量，会计系统可以衡量在生物多样性上的支出与在其他种类的碳管理上投入资金的对比。)”可知，作者认为自然世界值得更多的投资。故选A项。第二节(共5道小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoBeMoreInterestingNooneisboringandnooneneedstobeperfect.Butmaybeyoufeelthatyouareboringandneedtobemoreinteresting.___16___Ifyou’relookingtobemoreinteresting,thenyou’vecometotherightplace.Loosenupandbenatural.Onereasonwhymanypeoplefailtobecomeinterestingpeopleisthattheyworrytoomuchoverthesmallthingsanddon’tcomeacrossasnatural.Theireffortbackfires(产生反作用)onthem,becausetheyarejusttryingtoohard.___17___Livealifeonedayatatime.Bepositiveandoptimistic.Interestingpeoplearehappypeople.Thisisoneofthereasonswhywefindthemsointeresting;whetherweadmititornot,wewanttoknowhowandwhyhappypeoplearesohappy.___18___Buildanopenpersonality.Beavailabletotheworldandlookforexcitementinsteadofwaitingforittofindyou.Celebrateflexibilityanda“justgowithit”attitude.Oftentimespeoplearen’tinterestingbecausetheyarereserved.___19___Ofcourse,tosomeextent,thisistrue,butyoucanalsotakethistoofar.Byholdingbacktoomuch,you’relimitingyourpotentialandintheprocessbecominglessinteresting.Themorereservedyouget,themorestatic(停滞的)yourlife.___20___Beinginterestingmeansdoingthingsyou’veneverdonebeforeandbeingwillingtosharethoseexperienceswithotherpeople.Peoplewhoareboringanddullnormallypossessaverysmallcomfortzone.Sotrytoconstantlyexpandyourcomfortzoneanddareyourselftotrynewthings;thisisthequickestpathtobecomingmoreinteresting.A.Expandyourcomfortzone.B.Trytostayrelaxedandflexible.C.Agoodlaughcouldbethebestmedicine.D.Beinginterestingalsoinvolveshighintelligence.E.Manypeoplefeeltheyneedtoholdbacktoprotectthemselves.F.Moreover,noonereallywantstobearoundanegative,unhappyperson.G.Beinganinterestingpersonissomethingthatcanbelearnedandpracticed.【答案】16.G17.B18.F19.E20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何成为一个更有趣的人。【16题详析】根据上文“Butmaybeyoufeelthatyouareboringandneedtobemoreinteresting.”（但也许你觉得自己很无聊，需要变得更有趣）根据下文“Ifyou’relookingtobemoreinteresting,thenyou’vecometotherightplace.”（如果你想变得更有趣，那么你来对地方了。）可知，可以通过某些方法使自己成为更有趣的人。故G选项“做一个有趣的人是可以学习和练习的”切题。承上启下。故选G项。【17题详析】根据标题“Loosenupandbenatural.”（放松，自然一点）根据下文“Livealifeonedayatatime.”（过好每一天）可知，选项与标题相关。Loosenup呼应relaxedandflexible。故B选项“试着保持放松和灵活”切题。故选B项。【18题详析】根据上文“Thisisoneofthereasonswhywefindthemsointeresting;whetherweadmititornot,wewanttoknowhowandwhyhappypeoplearesohappy.”（这就是我们觉得它们如此有趣的原因之一;不管我们承认与否，我们都想知道快乐的人是如何以及为什么如此快乐。）可知，选项承接上文反向说明我们愿意与快乐的人在一起。故F选项“此外，没有人真的想和一个消极、不快乐的人在一起。”切题。故选F项。【19题详析】根据上文“Oftentimespeoplearen’tinterestingbecausetheyarereserved.”（很多时候，人们不有趣是因为他们保守。）可知，选项承接上文说明保守的原因。故E选项“许多人觉得他们需要克制来保护自己”切题。故选E项。【20题详析】根据下文“Peoplewhoareboringanddullnormallypossessaverysmallcomfortzone.Sotrytoconstantlyexpandyourcomfortzoneanddareyourselftotrynewthings”（无聊和无趣的人通常拥有一个非常小的舒适区。所以，试着不断扩大你的舒适区，敢于尝试新事物）可知，本段主要在说明要扩大舒服区。故A选项“扩大舒服区”为本段的标题。故选A项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分。满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Theamountandscale(规模)ofenvironmentalissuesmayseemtoomuchforordinarypeople.Butwithhardworkanddetermination,anyonecan___21___greatthings.OnesuchpersonisYinYuzhen.Atayoungage,YinmovedtoInnerMongoliatolivewithherhusbandinthedesert.Shefelt___22___.Tocheerherselfupandimprovethe___23___environment,Yinbeganplantingtreestotake___24___backfromthedesert.“Iwouldratherdieof___25___fromfightingthesandthanbeburiedbyit!”shesaid.Thecouplehadtotravelonfoot,doing___26___byhand.Atfirst,manytreesdidnotsurvive,___27___overtheyears,shelearntfromher___28___,discoveringthebestplantsandmethodstousetosuccessfullyplanta___29___inthedesert.Overmorethanthreedecades,theyhaveplantedover300,000trees.IthasbeensaidofYin:"Sheisasymbolofcourage,patience,and___30___.Herworkingreeningthedesertdeservesuniversal___31___.”Itiswithoutanydoubt___32___toseeaclearexampleofhowtheproblemofdesertificationcanbedealtwith.___33___mayseemsmallandinsignificant,yetovertimethey___34___togethertobecomegreatachievements.Thejourneyof1,000milesbeginswithonestepandthewillto___35___.Takeyourfirststep.Plantyourfirsttree.21.A.turn B.store C.achieve D.promise22.A.lonely B.sorry C.free D.well23.A.friendly B.changing C.protected D.tough24.A.air B.land C.food D.energy25.A.sickness B.emptiness C.tiredness D.sadness26.A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anything27.A.or B.and C.so D.but28.A.failure B.feelings C.determination D.dreams29.A.garden B.forest C.seed D.crop30.A.fortune B.honesty C.harmony D.perseverance31.A.organization B.truth C.respect D.method32.A.interesting B.challenging C.relaxing D.inspiring33.A.Actions B.Choices C.Promises D.Events34.A.stand B.join C.get D.put35.A.struggle B.survive C.continue D.believe【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.A27.D28.A29.B30.D31.C32.D33.A34.B35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了尹玉珍在沙漠中植树造林的真实故事，展现人类对抗自然困境的勇气与毅力。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但只要有努力和决心，任何人都可以实现伟大的事情。A.turn转变；B.store储存；C.achieve实现；D.promise承诺。前面说到“Theamountandscale(规模)ofenvironmentalissuesmayseemtoomuchforordinarypeople.”，But表转折，是想强调只要有努力和决心，任何人都可以“实现”伟大的事情。故选C项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她感到孤独。A.lonely孤独的；B.sorry遗憾的；C.free自由的；D.well好的。根据上文的“YinmovedtoInnerMongoliatolivewithherhusbandinthedesert”可知，搬到沙漠，她自然会感到孤独。故选A项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让自己振作起来并改善恶劣的环境，尹开始种植树木，以从沙漠中夺回土地。A.friendly友好的；B.changing改变中的；C.protected受保护的；D.tough艰难的，恶劣的。根据上下文的“desert”可知，YinYuzhen所处的沙漠环境显然是恶劣的。故选D项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让自己振作起来并改善恶劣的环境，尹开始种植树木，以从沙漠中夺回土地。A.air空气；B.land土地；C.food食物；D.energy能量。根据前文的“plantingtrees”可知，种植树木是为了阻止沙漠化，从沙漠中夺回“土地”。故选B项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我宁愿在与沙子斗争中因疲惫而死，也不愿被它埋葬！”A.sickness疾病；B.emptiness空虚；C.tiredness疲惫；D.sadness悲伤。根据下文的“fightingthesand”可知，这里指的是与沙漠斗争中的“疲惫”。故选C项。【26题详析】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇不得不步行前往，手工完成一切。A.everything一切；B.something某事；C.nothing没有什么；D.anything任何事。根据前文“Thecouplehadtotravelonfoot,”可以推断出他们手工完成了所有的事情,因为沙漠条件恶劣。故选A项。【27题详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：起初，许多树没有成活，但多年后，她从失败中吸取教训，发现了在沙漠中成功种植森林的最佳植物和方法。A.or或者；B.and和；C.so因此；D.but但是。根据前后文的对比，“manytreesdidnotsurvive”与“shelearntfromher__8__”之间存在转折关系。故选D项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，许多树没有成活，但多年后，她从失败中吸取教训，发现了在沙漠中成功种植森林的最佳植物和方法。A.failure失败；B.feelings感情；C.determination决心；D.dreams梦想。根据前文“manytreesdidnotsurvive,”许多树没有成活，可以推断出她是从失败中学习。故选A项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，许多树没有成活，但多年后，她从失败中吸取教训，发现了在沙漠中成功种植森林的最佳植物和方法。A.garden花园；B.forest森林；C.seed种子；D.crop庄稼。根据下文的“theyhaveplantedover300,000trees.”可知，他们是在沙漠中种植了一片森林。故选B项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人说尹：“她象征着勇气、耐心和毅力。”A.fortune财富；B.honesty诚实；C.harmony和谐；D.perseverance毅力。根据上文的“theyhaveplantedover300,000trees.”可知，能成功地在沙漠中种出一大片森林，尹一定可以用勇气、耐心和“毅力”来描述。故选D项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她绿化沙漠的工作值得全球尊敬。A.organization组织；B.truth真相；C.respect尊敬；D.method方法。根据上文的“Herworkingreeningthedesert”可知，绿化沙漠的人，她的工作自然值得全球尊敬。故选C项。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，看到一个清晰的例子，说明如何处理沙漠化问题是令人鼓舞的。A.interesting有趣的；B.challenging具有挑战性的；C.relaxing放松的；D.inspiring令人鼓舞的。根据下文的“toseeaclearexampleofhowtheproblemofdesertificationcanbedealtwith”可知，尹给大家一个关于如何处理沙漠化问题的清晰的例子，这件事对其他人具有激励作用，是“令人鼓舞的”。故选D项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：行动可能看似微小和不重要，但随着时间的推移，它们汇聚在一起成为巨大的成就。A.Actions行动；B.Choices选择；C.Promises承诺；D.Events事件。根据下文的“they___togethertobecomegreatachievements.”可推知，能变成巨大成就的一定是看似微小的行动，这里强调的是尹的“行动”。故选A项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：行动可能看似微小和不重要，但随着时间的推移，它们汇聚在一起成为巨大的成就。A.stand站立；B.join加入；C.get得到；D.put放置。根据“yet”可知，前面讲到行动“mayseemsmallandinsignificant,”，后面是说各种行动汇聚在一起，形成更大的成就。“jointogether”表示“汇聚在一起”。故选B项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析句意：一千里的旅程始于第一步，以及继续前进的决心。A.struggle斗争；B.survive生存；C.continue继续；D.believe相信。这里引用了一句谚语，强调的是开始行动的重要性以及持续努力的决心。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinesebookculturehasalonghistory.Itsrootscanbetracedbackthousandsofyears,totheearliestknown____36____(write)recordsinChina.Overthecenturies,books____37____(be)anessentialpartofChineseculture,playingavitalroleinpreservingknowledgeand____38____(provide)asourceofinspirationforgenerations.ThefirstmajordevelopmentinChinesebookculturewastheinventionofwoodblockprintingbyBiShenginthe11thcentury.Thisrevolutionizedbookproduction,makingitmuch____39____(easy)toproduceanddistributebooks.DuringChina’sMingDynastytherewasagreatboomingofbooksandit____40____(see)thebirthofChina’sbest-knownbook,JourneytotheWestbyWuCheng’en,whichisstill____41____(wide)readandstudiedtoday.Inmoderntimes,newgenressuchassciencefictionandfantasyhavegrownin____42____(popular),whileelectronicbooksarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Thedevelopmentofbookculturehashadaprofoundimpact____43____Chinesesociety,withmanybooksbecomingculturaltouchstonesandinspiringpeopletothinkabouttheirlivesandtheworldaroundthem.Withitsrichhistoryanddiversegenres,ChinesebookcultureprovidesawindowintoChinesesociety.Fromancientclassicstomodernbestsellers,Chinesebookscanopenup____44____newworldofideasandknowledgeforreadersaroundtheglobe.Assuch,itisanimportantpartofourcollectiveglobalculture,andone_____45_____shouldbelearnedmoreabout.【答案】36.written37.havebeen38.providing39.easier40.saw41.widely42.popularity43.on/upon44.a45.that【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的书籍文化历史及其对中国社会的深远影响，包括木刻印刷技术的发明、明代书籍的繁荣、科幻和奇幻等新兴文学体裁的涌现以及电子书的流行等。强调中国的书籍文化是开启一扇了解中国社会的窗口，是全球文化的重要组成部分，应该加强学习和了解。【36题详析】考查形容词。句意：它的根源可以追溯到几千年前，最早的文字记录在中国。。分析句子，设空处使用write的形容词written作定语，修饰名词，意为“书面的，成文的”。故填written。【37题详析】考查动词。句意：几个世纪以来，书籍一直是中国文化的重要组成部分，在保存知识和为几代人提供灵感来源方面发挥着至关重要的作用。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中的overthecenturies为现在完成时时间标志，主语books是复数，助动词用have。故填havebeen。【38题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子，句中使用动名词与前文的playing构成并列结构作介词in的宾语。故填providing。【39题详析】考查形容词。句意：这彻底改变了图书制作，使图书的制作和发行变得更加容易。分析句子，句中构成makeit+形容词+todo的结构，形容词作宾补，根据空前的much可知，其修饰比较级，此处表示“更容易”。故填easier。【40题详析】考查动词。句意：在中国的明代，有一个巨大的书籍繁荣，它见证了中国最著名的书吴承恩的《西游记》的诞生，该书今天仍然被广泛阅读和研究。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据句意以及句中的DuringChina’sMingDynasty可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填saw。【41题详析】考查副词。句意同上。分析句子，设空处使用副词widely作状语，修饰