黑龙江省佳木斯市第八中学2021-2022学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题VIP

…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○……○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○……○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页黑龙江省佳木斯市第八中学2021-2022学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题试卷副标题考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx题号一二三四五六总分得分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）请点击修改第I卷的文字说明评卷人得分一、完形填空MyhusbandAdlaiandIoftenwentcampingtocelebratespecialoccasions.Infact,ouranniversary(周年纪念日)wascomingup.ButthistimeIfeltasenseof____1____.Icouldn’thelpthinkingaboutmyjournal(日记本).Forbirthdaysandanniversaries,____2____givingeachothercardsthatwewerenotinterestedin,AdlaiandIwroteletters.Fornineyears,I’dwrittenalmostallofmineinajournal.Foroureighteenthanniversary,wehadgonecamping.Afterahike,wereturnedto____3____ourletters.Butthecampsitewas____4____byabear.Ourtentfelldown.Worstofall,myjournalwas____5____.Wesearchedforhours,butitwas____6____.Inever____7____.Ialwayswantedtohavebackthosenineyearsofletters!Oneday,Icamehometofindacarinourdriveway.Two____8____stoodintheyardwithAdlai.Adlaiheldupaweather-beatenbook.Myjournal!Thewomanandherhusbandhad____9____itweeksearlierintheunderbrush.Shewas_____10_____whenreadingmyloveletters.“Weonlyhaveyourfirstnames,soitisabit_____11_____tofindyou.Luckily,wemakeit,”thewomansaid.Asaresultoftheirtheir_____12_____,Icouldhugmyjournalagain.Ijustcouldn’tthankthemmore.Therearealwayspeopleintheworldwhoshow_____13_____toothers.Whatthecouplediddoesn’t_____14_____changeourlives,butitcancertainlychangethewaywe_____15_____aboutlife.1．A．responsibility B．excitement C．loss D．fear2．A．apartfrom B．insteadof C．regardlessof D．asfor3．A．send B．discuss C．spread D．exchange4．A．destroyed B．watched C．locked D．examined5．A．waiting B．missing C．appearing D．dropping6．A．hopeless B．successful C．dangerous D．safe7．A．gotaway B．setout C．gaveup D．cameback8．A．friends B．customers C．relatives D．strangers9．A．discovered B．hidden C．returned D．passed10．A．satisfied B．moved C．tired D．scared11．A．easy B．interesting C．boring D．difficult12．A．needs B．experiments C．projects D．efforts13．A．kindness B．understanding C．encouragement D．protection14．A．partly B．equally C．secretly D．necessarily15．A．talk B．feel C．plan D．complain第II卷（非选择题）请点击修改第II卷的文字说明评卷人得分二、阅读理解Herearesomeoftheplaceswherewomencanfeelcomfortablewhentheyaretravelingalone:NewZealand:PeoplespeakEnglishthere,andthetransportisconvenient.UnlikeAustralia,whereyouhavetotravelbyairplanetodifferentpartsofthecountrybecauseit’ssohuge,it’ssimpletogoontoursonyourowninNewZealand.Iceland:Icelandisaperfectchoiceforwomenwhoaretravelingalone.It’sonlyfourhoursbyplanefromBostonandtherearemanydirectflightsfrommajorUScities.InIceland,youcantraveltodifferentfarmstoexperiencelifethereandhikesomeofitsamazingnaturalwonders.CostaRicaandPanama:Ifyou’relookingforadestinationinCentralAmerica,Ihighlyrecommend(推荐)bothCostaRicaandPanama.TherearesomanythingstodothereandmostpeoplespeakEnglish.IsuggeststartinginPanamaCitywhereyoucanmakeascheduleofdaytripsandtourstodifferentattractionslikethePanamaCanal.Therearelotsofadventureactivitiesforactivewomenwholikehiking,whitewaterraftingandevenbungeejumping(蹦极).Alaska:Alaskaisalsoasafeandexcitingdestination.PlantoflytoAnchorageandtheneitherrentacarortakeatraintotravelaroundotherpartsofthestate,suchastheKenaiPeninsulaorSeward.InAlaska,youcangoontourstoseewildlifeorenjoythewhale-watch.Anothergoodchoiceistotakeadaycruise(航行)toexperiencesomeofAlaska'sbeauty.16．WhatdoweknowaboutIceland?A．Ithasthemostconvenienttransport. B．Itisagoodplacetoexperiencefarmers'life.C．It’sfarfromBostonandmostmajorUScities. D．ItsfamousattractionsincludethePanamaCanal.17．Ifyoulikeextremesports,youcanvisit________.A．NewZealand B．Iceland C．CostaRicaandPanama D．Alaska18．WhatisadvisedwhenpeopletraveltoSeward?A．Payattentiontotheirownsafety. B．Bookticketsforflightsaheadoftime.C．Trytheirbesttoprotectwildlifethere. D．Rentacarortakeatraintotravelaround.Afreshandgentlewindonyourface,softsandunderyourfeetandbluewatersasfarastheeyecansee.IsthereanyotherOlympicsportthatisplayedinsuchpleasantconditionsasbeachvolleyball？“I’vegonetoalotofbeautifulplaces,andmetalotofbeautifulpeople.Thatwouldn’thavehappenedifIhadbeenplayinganothersport.”saidRandyStoklos,America’smostfamousbeachvolleyballplayer.Thesportbeganasafour-a-sidegameonbeachesinSouthernCaliforniainthe1920s.Thefirstrecordedtwo-mangametookplacetherein1930,andthefirsttournament(锦标赛)washeldinLosAngeles18yearslater.ThewinnerswereawardedacaseofPepsi.Inthe1950s,womenstartedplayingandthesportsoonspreadtoEuropeandSouthAmerica.Yetatthattime,beachvolleyballwasmoreanentertainmentshowthanasport,withbeautycontestsincluded.TheAssociationofVolleyballProfessionalswasfoundedin1983andbeachvolleyballdevelopedintoafast,athleticsport.Itsworld-widepopularitywonbeachvolleyballaplaceatthe1996OlympicsinAtalanta,where24maleteamsand16femaleteamstookpart.Atpresent,theUSandBrazilarethebestintheworldatbeachvolleyball.ThegamecametoChinaintheearly1990sandtherehavebeennationaltournamentssince1994.ItbecameanofficialeventattheEighthNationalGamesin1997.China’sYouWenhuiandWangLufinishedninthinthewomen’sbeachvolleyballworldchampionshipsinBrazil.19．Thepassageismainlyabout______.A．thehistoryofbeachvolleyballB．howtoplaybeachvolleyballC．theimportanceofbeachvolleyballD．women’sbeachvolleyballinChina20．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE？A．BeachvolleyballwasfirstplayedlikeotherOlympic:sports.B．Beachvolleyballhasalwaysbeenanentertainmentshowratherthanasport.C．BeachvolleyballbeganonbeachesinSoutherCalifornia.D．WomenstartedplayingbeachvolleyballinSouthAmericain1945.21．WhendidbeachvolleyballofficiallybecomeanOlympicevent？A．In1948, B．In1996. C．In1950. D．In1997.22．Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat______.A．in1996,beachvolleyballbecameanofficialeventinChinaB．China’sbeachvolleyballteamisthebestintheworldC．China’sbeachvolleyballplayerswonthefirstplaceinBrazilD．beachvolleyballcametoChinaintheearly1990sSpidermonkeysknowthatthebestwaytofindfoodisinagroup.Butwhentheydividetohuntforfruit,there’snorandom(随意性)pairingoff.Researchershavefoundthattheyusecollectivecomputation(群体计算)whentheybreakupintoteams.Typically,theolderfemalesleadtherestoftheyoungermonkeys,havingthefinalsayingroupactivities.Butthat’snotthecaseforwildspidermonkeyslivinginaprotectedareanearPuntaLaguna,Mexico.Whenthey’rereadytosearchforfood,themonkeysformteamswithoutasingleleaderpickingwhogoesintowhichgroup.Instead,eachmonkeydecideswhichgrouptojoinandwhentomovetoanothergroup.Theresult,sayresearchers,isthatthemonkeysarecollectivelycomputinggoodteamsizesgiventheavailability(可获性)offoodintheforest.“Thespidermonkeysseemtobecollectinginformationaboutresourcesbyformingthesesmallteams,sothatasagrouptheyknowtheirenvironmentbetterthananyonedoesonitsown,”leadstudyauthor,GabrielRamos-FernandezoftheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMexico,said.Tostudytheanimals’behavior,researchersspenttwoyearsrecording47differentspidermonkeysforfivehourseachday.Forhuntingforfood,theyusuallyformedgroupsof2to17monkeys.ResearchersworkedtogetherwiththescientistsattheSantaFeInstituteinNewMexicotofindouthowaspidermonkeydecidedtostaywithorleaveagroup.Theirstudyfoundthatthemonkeys’decisionswereinfluencedbythedecisionsoftheothermonkeysontheteam.Theywouldfeelouttheirteammatesaboutthebestsizeandthenmaketheirowndecisionsaccordingly.Theresultsproducedteamsofmanydifferentsizes,whichwerehelpfulinfindingfruitintheforest.Theresearcherssaidthatcollectivelycomputedsizesweresometimesnotaperfectmatchbasedonthefoodthatwasavailable.Theysuggestasimilarstudyshouldbeusedtoexaminehowothergroupsorsystemswork,suchasflocksofbirdsorschoolsoffish.23．HowdospidermonkeyslivingnearPuntaLagunadifferfromthetypicalones?A．Theycanlivebettereveninbadweatherconditions.B．Thesizesoftheirteamsaredecidedbyeachofthem.C．Theoldermonkeysplayaleadingroleinateam.D．Theyusuallytaketurnstolookforfood.24．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpartinParagraph2?A．Spreadingtheword.B．Winningallthegames.C．Makingthefinaldecisions.D．Gettingthemostdeliciousfood.25．Whatwillprobablycauseaspidermonkeytoleaveitsteam?A．Itsteammates’choices.B．Thesuddendangerthatappears.C．Theunfairtreatmentfromteammates.D．Itsdisappointmentwiththeamountoffood.26．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Spidermonkeyscan’tofferhelptoeachotherinagroup.B．Spidermonkeys’collectivecomputationisnotalwaysuseful.C．Theresearcherswilldoafurtherstudyaboutspidermonkeys.D．Birdsalsousecollectivecomputationwhentheyformgroups.ThefamousFrenchbeautycompanyL’Orealhaspromisedthatby2030,95percentofitsingredientswillcomefromrenewableplantsourcesandberespectfuloftheenvironment.Askedwhatisdrivingthebeautyindustrytocleanandgreenbeauty,LaurentGilbert,oneofL’Oreal’sdirectorssaid,“Naturalsciencehasmadeprogressinthepastyears,sothatwecanchangetonaturalingredients.”L’OrealsaysitwilldrawonrecentdevelopmentsinGreenSciencestogetthebestthatnaturehastoofferthroughtechnology.Uptonow,80percentoftheGroup’smaterialshavebeeneasilybiodegradable,59percenthavebeenrenewable,and34percenthavebeennaturalorofnaturalorigin.And29percentoftheingredientsusedintheirproductsweredevelopedfollowingtherulesofGreenChemistry.“Wehavealreadyusedactiveingredientswhichareplant-based.Thewaywearegettingandproducingingredientswillchange.Forexample,wearenowfullygettingvitaminCfrombiotechnologyprocesses,whichwasnotthecaseinthepast,”Gilbertadded.Aspartoftheirsustainabilityprogram,thebrandhadalsopromisedtouselessplastic.Itsaid,“By2030,100percentoftheplasticsusedinL’Oreal’sproducts’packagingwillbefromrecycledsources.Wehaveastrongpolicytohelpreachthatgoal.Besidesmakingitrecycled,wearetryingtomovetoanewkindofpackaging.”“Allourpromisesareglobal.WehavetworesearchcentersinIndia,oneinBengaluruandoneinMumbai.Thosearereallyimportanttothosegoals.TheBengaluruoneisbeingspecializedinnaturalingredients.Itwillgivesupporttothischange,”saystheresearchcenter,whichwassetupinIndiain1994.Toachievetheseaims,L’OrealhasbroughtallofitsresourcesinGreenSciencetogether,includingrecentprogressinagriculturaleconomics,togetherwithnewdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,GreenChemistryandmodellingtools.TheGroupisalsobuildingstrongrelationshipswithuniversities,newcompaniesanditsownmaterialsupplies.27．WhatplaysanimportantroleinL’Oreal’sdecisiontochangeitsingredients?A．Thesupportfromthelocalgovernment. B．Thedevelopmentofnaturalscience.C．Thecallforsmartspendinghabits. D．Theresearchontargetmarkets.28．HowdoestheauthorshowL’Oreal’senvironmentaleffortsinParagraph2?A．Bylistingdata. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bytellingpersonalstories. D．Byshowingcausesandeffects.29．WhydoesL’Orealturntoanewpackagingmethod?A．Tobringconveniencetocustomers. B．Toavoiddamagetoitsproducts.C．Tocutthecostofpackaging. D．Toreduceplasticuse.30．WhatdoesL’Orealdotoreachitsgoals?A．Developnewresourcesandjoinhandswithdifferentgroups.B．Limitthenumberoffactoriesindevelopedcountries.C．Growmoreplantsandinviteplentyofprofessionals.D．Keepthetraditionalwayofproducingmaterials.评卷人得分三、七选五Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways.____31____.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takingoffersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.___32___.Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.____33____.Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.●Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.●Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmainpointsandsupportingfacts.●Writeyournotesinyourownwords.●____34____.●Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidorwritten.Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand(速记).Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.__35__A．Usewords,notcompletesentences.B．Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.C．Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.D．Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.E．youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.F．Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.G．First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.评卷人得分四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChristoJavacheff,whowasusuallyknownbyhisfirstname,wasborninBulgariain1935.In1959,hemethiswifeJeanne-ClaudeinParis.Together,thetwo____36____(form)astrongpartnership.Theyworkedasateamtocreatehugeartworks____37____(call)installations(现代雕塑装置).Intheseinstallations,ChristoandJeanne-Claudeoftenchangedthewaybuildingsorlargeareasoflandlooked—akindofartknownas“landart”.Theirartworkswereverylarge,____38____costalotofmoneytocreate.The____39____(artist)paidfortheprojectsthemselvesby____40____(sell)thedrawingstheymadeforeachinstallation.Manyprojectsseemedsounusualthatthecouplehadtoworkveryhard.Thoughthecouple’sworkswereknownas“landart”,they____41____(place)onthewatermostofthetime.Mostoftheinstallationsonlystayedforafewweeksormonthsbeforebeingtakendown.Itmeantthattheylastedforashortperiodoftime.“Iamanartist,andIhavetobe____42____(courage).Myartworksallgoawaywhentheyare____43____(final)finished,”Christosaid.Christoalreadypassedaway.Butheleftbehind____44____artworldforeverchangedbythememoryofhishugeartworks.Hesurprisedtheworldagainandagain_____45_____hisimaginationandtheartworkshecreated.评卷人得分五、告知信/通知46．假如你是李华，你的加拿大笔友Harry上周写信询问你的体育爱好。请根据以下要点给他写一封回信，内容包括：1.你喜欢的运动项目及原因,如有益于身心健康，增强自信等。2.何时喜欢上这项运动,现在参加该运动的情况如何。3.询问对方的体育爱好。注意：1.词数：100左右。（信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。）2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearHarry,Iamgladtoreceiveyourletter._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua评卷人得分六、用单词的适当形式完成句子47．Iamlookingforwardtothe________(explore)ofthenature.(所给词的适当形式填空)48．Let’sargue________whethertogoswimminginthisweather.(用适当的词填空)49．Myteacherwaswell________(organise)inclass.(所给词的适当形式填空)50．Robertwaseager________(talk)aboutlifeintheschool.(所给词的适当形式填空)51．Iwouldoppose_________(change)thelaw.(所给词的适当形式填空)52．Fireshaveburned________180,000acresoftimber.(用适当的词填空)53．Somepatients________(actual)gotworseafterreceivingthetreatment.(所给词的适当形式填空)54．MyhusbandtrustsmeandIdon’tintend________(break)thattrust.(所给词的适当形式填空)55．Weshouldfocusallourattention________studyasaseniorhighstudent.(用适当的词填空)56．Theprofessoriseasy________(approach),andalltheyoungteachersliketoaskforadvicefromhim.（所给词的适当形式填空）57．Ifyouarehonestallthetime,you’llbetrustedand________(respect)byothers.(所给词的适当形式填空)58．EverytimeIfailmyexamandbegintoloseheart,thesightofmymottoinspiresmetohavemuch________(confident).(所给词的适当形式填空)59．Itend________(have)adifferentanswer,dependingonthefamily.(所给词的适当形式填空)60．Herendless________(patient)madeherthebestnurseinthehospital.(所给词的适当形式填空)61．Thepoliceisanxious________(hear)fromanyonewhomayknowher.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页参考答案：1．C2．B3．D4．A5．B6．A7．C8．D9．A10．B11．D12．D13．A14．D15．B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者与丈夫在节日和纪念日上都会互相写信交换，作者将这些珍贵的信都写在日记里，而在他们第十八个纪念日时却意外丢失了日记本，作者失落无比但从未放弃过找回的希望。有一天一对陌生夫妇前来归还了作者的日记，这让作者感慨万分。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这一次我感到了一种失落感。A.responsibility责任；B.excitement兴奋；C.loss失落；D.fear恐惧。由下文的“Ialwayswantedtohavebackthosenineyearsofletters!”可知，作者在一次野营时丢失了日记（里面有信），因此感到失落，也因此忍不住去想她的日记。故选C项。2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：对于生日和周年纪念日，阿德莱和我没有给对方发我们不感兴趣的卡片，而是写信给对方。A.apartfrom除了；B.insteadof而不是；C.regardlessof不管；D.asfor至于。由下文的“AdlaiandIwroteletters”可知，作者和丈夫在节日时会互相写信，而不是赠送贺卡。故选B项。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：徒步旅行后，我们回来交换信件。A.send派；B.discuss讨论；C.spread扩散；D.exchange交换。由上文的“AdlaiandIwroteletters”可知，作者和丈夫有在节日赠送信的习惯，可得出二人正是要在第18个纪念日上交换信件。故选D项。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但营地被熊破坏了了。A.destroyed摧毁、破坏；B.watched看；C.locked锁；D.examined检查。由下文的“byabear.Ourtentfelldown.”可知，营地帐篷也倒了，可得出营地是被一头熊给破坏了。故选A项。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最糟糕的是，我的日记丢了。A.waiting等待；B.missing丢失；C.appearing出现；D.dropping掉落。由下文的“Wesearchedforhours”和“Ialwayswantedtohavebackthosenineyearsofletters!”可知，作者想要日记（里面有信）回到自己身边，说明日记丢了。故选B项。6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们找了几个小时，但结果让人绝望。A.hopeless绝望的；B.successful成功的；C.dangerous危险的；D.safe安全的。由上文的“Wesearchedforhours,but”可知，从该句but引导的转折逻辑以及后文可知，丢失的日记并没有找到，这个结果显然是让作者感到绝望的。故选A项。7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我从未放弃。A.gotaway离开；B.setout动身；C.gaveup放弃；D.cameback回来。由下文的“Ialwayswantedtohavebackthosenineyearsofletters!”可知，作者一直想找回那九年的信件，从作者表达的决心不难看出，作者没有放弃过找回日记。故选C项。8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个陌生人和阿德莱站在院子里。A.friends朋友；B.customers顾客；C.relatives亲戚；D.strangers陌生人。由下文的“Thewomanandherhusband”可知，是一对夫妻捡到了作者的日记前来归还，他们对于作者来说是陌生人。故选D项。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几周前，这名妇女和她的丈夫在灌木丛中发现了它。A.discovered发现；B.hidden躲藏；C.returned回来；D.passed经过。由“intheunderbrush”可知，该句描述的是陌生夫妇发现作者日记本的过程。故选A项。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她读我的情书时很感动。A.satisfied满意的；B.moved感动的；C.tired疲倦的；D.scared害怕的。由下文的“whenreadingmyloveletters”和常识可知，读了作者和丈夫多年来互相传递的爱意满满的信件，应该会为这真挚的感情而感动。故选B项。11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位女士说：“我们只有你的名字，所以很难找到你。幸运的是，我们成功了。”A.easy简单的；B.interesting有趣的；C.boring无聊的；D.difficult困难的。该句是so引导的表因果关系的句子，上文的原因“Weonlyhaveyourfirstnames”指出陌生夫妇只知道作者的名字（不知道姓氏），这无疑会使得寻找失主变得困难。故选D项。12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于他们的努力，我可以再次拥抱我的日记。A.needs需要；B.experiments实验；C.projects项目；D.efforts努力。根据“Icouldhugmyjournalagain.”可知，显然指归还日记的陌生夫妇，而作者能拿回日记正是他们付出努力的结果。故选D项。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界上总有人对别人表示善意。A.kindness善意；B.understanding理解；C.encouragement鼓励；D.protection保护。本段是作者对日记失而复得经历的感想，这里要表达的就是世界上有很多像归还他们日记的陌生夫妇这样的善良之人，对别人表示善意。故选A项。14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇所做的并不一定会改变我们的生活，但肯定会改变我们对生活的感受。A.partly部分地；B.equally平等地；C.secretly秘密地；D.necessarily必要地。根据“butitcancertainlychangethewaywe______aboutlife”可知，该句要表达的是那对陌生夫妇归还日记虽然不会对作者的生活有实质性的影响和改变，但改变了他们对生活的态度、懂得了善良的可贵，notnecessarily意为“未必、不一定”。故选D项。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇所做的并不一定会改变我们的生活，但肯定会改变我们对生活的感受。A.talk谈话；B.feel感觉；C.plan计划；D.complain抱怨。总览整句以及but引导的转折逻辑可知，该句要表达的是那对陌生夫妇归还日记虽然不会对作者的生活有实质性的影响和改变，但这些好心人的存在改变了他们对生活的感受和态度。故选B项。16．B17．C18．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个适合女性独自旅游的地方，包括新西兰、冰岛、哥斯达黎加和巴拿马、阿拉斯加。16．细节理解题。根据第三段Iceland中的“InIceland,youcantraveltodifferentfarmstoexperiencelifethere…（在冰岛，你可以去不同的农场体验那里的生活）”可知，在Iceland，游客可以到农场上体验生活。故选B项。17．细节理解题。根据第四段CostaRicaandPanama中的“Therearelotsofadventureactivitiesforactivewomenwholikehiking,whitewaterraftingandevenbungeejumping.”（对于喜欢徒步旅行、白水漂流甚至蹦极的活跃女性来说，有很多冒险活动）可知，喜欢极限运动的人可以去CostaRicaandPanama。故选C项。18．细节理解题。根据最后一段Alaska中的“PlantoflytoAnchorageandtheneitherrentacarortakeatraintotravelaroundotherpartsofthestate,suchastheKenaiPeninsulaorSeward.（计划飞往安克雷奇，然后租车或坐火车到该州的其他地方旅行，如基奈半岛或苏厄德）”可知，作者建议租一辆汽车或者乘火车游览Seward。故选D项。19．A20．C21．B22．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沙滩排球的历史。19．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中“Thesportbeganasafour-a-sidegameonbeachesinSouthernCaliforniainthe1920s.(这项运动起源于20世纪20年代南加州海滩上的一项四人比赛)”以及“Itsworld-widepopularitywonbeachvolleyballaplaceatthe1996OlympicsinAtalanta,where24maleteamsand16femaleteamslookpart.(沙滩排球在世界范围内的受欢迎程度为它在1996年亚特兰大奥运会上赢得了一席之地，当时有24支男队和16支女队参加了奥运会)”等内容可知，本文主要关于沙滩排球的历史的。故选A项。20．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thesportbeganasafour-a-sidegameonbeachesinSouthernCaliforniainthe1920s.(这项运动起源于20世纪20年代南加州海滩上的一项四人比赛)”可知，沙滩排球起源于南加州的海滩。故选C项。21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Itsworld-widepopularitywonbeachvolleyballaplaceatthe1996OlympicsinAtalanta,where24maleteamsand16femaleteamstookpart.(沙滩排球在世界范围内的受欢迎程度为它在1996年亚特兰大奥运会上赢得了一席之地，当时有24支男队和16支女队参加了奥运会)”可知，沙滩排球在1996年正式成为奥运会比赛项目。故选B项。22．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ThegamecametoChinaintheearly1990sandtherehavebeennationaltournamentssince1994.(这项运动于上世纪90年代初传入中国，从1994年开始就有了全国性的比赛)”可知，20世纪90年代初沙滩排球传入中国。故选D项。23．B24．C25．A26．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍蜘蛛猴的生活习性和群体特点。23．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Instead,eachmonkeydecideswhichgrouptojoinandwhentomovetoanothergroup.Theresult,sayresearchers,isthatthemonkeysarecollectivelycomputinggoodteamsizesgiventheavailability(可获性)offoodintheforest.（相反，每只蜘蛛猴决定加入哪个群体，何时搬到另一个群体。研究人员说，结果是，由于森林中食物的可用性，蜘蛛猴们都在一起计算良好的团队规模）”，可知，生活在PuntaLaguna附近的蜘蛛猴与典型的猴子不同的是它们的团队的规模由它们各自决定。故选B。24．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Typically,theolderfemalesleadtherestoftheyoungermonkeys,（一般来说，年长的母猴会带领其他年轻的猴子）”，由此可知，母猴有最终决策权。所以划线部分的意思是“做出最终决定”。故选C。25．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Theirstudyfoundthatthemonkeys’decisionswereinfluencedbythedecisionsoftheothermonkeysontheteam.Theywouldfeelouttheirteammatesaboutthebestsizeandthenmaketheirowndecisionsaccordingly.（他们的研究发现，猴子的决定受到了团队中其他猴子的决定的影响。它们会让队友觉得自己最好的规模，然后做出相应的决定）”，由此可知，队友选择可能会导致一只蜘蛛猴离开它的团队。故选A。26．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theresearcherssaidthatcollectivelycomputedsizesweresometimesnotaperfectmatchbasedonthefoodthatwasavailable.（研究人员说,总体上计算的规模有时不是基于食物的完美匹配）”，从最后一段可知，蜘蛛猴的集体计算并不总是有用的。故选B。27．B28．A29．D30．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。法国著名化妆品公司欧莱雅承诺，到2030年，其95%的原料将来自可再生植物资源，并尊重环境。欧莱雅高层解释了这一举措背后的原因以及该品牌在可持续发展道路上所做出的努力。27．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Askedwhatisdrivingthebeautyindustrytocleanandgreenbeauty,LaurentGilbert,oneofL’Oreal’sdirectorssaid,“Naturalsciencehasmadeprogressinthepastyears,sothatwecanchangetonaturalingredients.”(被问及是什么推动美容行业清洁和绿色美容时，欧莱雅董事之一LaurentGilbert说：“自然科学在过去几年取得了进步，所以我们可以使用天然成分。”)”可知，欧莱雅决定改变其成分的重要原因是自然科学的发展。故选B。28．推理判断题。根据第二段“L’OrealsaysitwilldrawonrecentdevelopmentsinGreenSciencestogetthebestthatnaturehastoofferthroughtechnology.Uptonow,80percentoftheGroup’smaterialshavebeeneasilybiodegradable,59percenthavebeenrenewable,and34percenthavebeennaturalorofnaturalorigin.And29percentoftheingredientsusedintheirproductsweredevelopedfollowingtherulesofGreenChemistry.(欧莱雅表示，它将利用绿色科学的最新发展，通过技术获得大自然提供的最好的东西。到目前为止，该集团80%的材料是容易生物降解的，59%是可再生的，34%是天然或天然来源的。他们产品中29%的成分是按照绿色化学的规则开发的)”可知，在第二段，作者通过列出数据展示欧莱雅在环境方面的努力。故选A。29．细节理解题。根据第四段“Aspartoftheirsustainabilityprogram,thebrandhadalsopromisedtouselessplastic.Itsaid,“By2030,100percentoftheplasticsusedinL’Oreal’sproducts’packagingwillbefromrecycledsources.Wehaveastrongpolicytohelpreachthatgoal.Besidesmakingitrecycled,wearetryingtomovetoanewkindofpackaging.”(作为可持续发展计划的一部分，该品牌还承诺减少使用塑料。该公司表示：“到2030年，欧莱雅产品包装中使用的塑料将100%来自回收资源。我们有强有力的政策来帮助实现这一目标。除了让它被回收，我们正试图转向一种新的包装方式。”)”可知，欧莱雅转向一种新的包装方法是为了减少塑料的使用。故选D。30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Toachievetheseaims,L’OrealhasbroughtallofitsresourcesinGreenSciencetogether,includingrecentprogressinagriculturaleconomics,togetherwithnewdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,GreenChemistryandmodellingtools.TheGroupisalsobuildingstrongrelationshipswithuniversities,newcompaniesanditsownmaterialsupplies.(为了实现这些目标，欧莱雅汇集了绿色科学领域的所有资源，包括农业经济方面的最新进展，以及生物技术、绿色化学和建模工具方面的新发展。该集团还与大学、新公司和自己的材料供应商建立了牢固的关系)”可知，欧莱雅通过开发新资源，与不同的团队合作，来实现其目标。故选A。31．G32．E33．F34．A35．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。记好笔记对一个学生的重要性，短文介绍了一些做笔记的办法。31．根据下一句“Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.”（第二，当你准备考试时，你的笔记是很好的参考材料。）可知，此处内容与讲述第一点办法有关，与下一句为并列关系。选项G“首先，把东西写下来这个简单的行为让你更容易理解和记住它。”First对应Sceondh和Third,符合题意。故选G。32．根据上一句“Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.”（你需要在课堂讨论、阅读课本或为报告做研究时做笔记。）可知，此处内容要说要开发自己记笔记的方法，选项E“你还需要发展自己的记笔记的方法。”also是对上一句的进一步说明。符合题意。故选E。33．根据上一句“Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.”（无论何时或以何种方式记笔记，请记住记笔记是一个有选择的过程。）可知，此处内容与要有选择性做笔记有关，选项F“这意味着你必须首先决定哪些内容是重要的，应该写在你的笔记里。”selectiveprocess对应mustfirstdecide。符合题意。故选F。34．根据上一句“Writeyournotesinyourownwords.”（用自己的话做笔记。）可知，此处内容与做笔记的办法有关，选项A“用单词，不要用完整的句子。”符合题意。故选A。35．根据上一句“Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.”（当你这样做的时候，确保你理解你的符号，并且你一直在使用它们。）可知，此处内容与没理解和记住你使用的符号会造成的不良后果有关，选项D“否则，你可能无法在过后阅读你的笔记。”符合题意。故选D。36．formed37．called38．which39．artists40．selling41．wereplaced42．courageous43．finally44．an45．with【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艺术家ChristoJavacheff和其妻子Jeanne-Claude共同创作的艺术理念和艺术作品。36．考查时态。句意：两人共同形成了牢固的伙伴关系。结合全文以一般过去时为主，该空谓语动词form也用一般过去时。故填formed。37．考查过去分词。句意：他们作为一个团队创作了被称为现代雕塑装置的巨大艺术品。本句已有谓语worked且无连词，动词call用非谓语形式，逻辑主语hugeartworks与动词call是动宾关系，call用过去分词表被动，做后