2024年广东省清远市高二下学期期末英语试题

清远市2023～2024学年第二学期高中期末教学质量检测高二英语注意事项：1.本试卷满分120分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡的相应位置。3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试题卷上无效。4.2B需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。5.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIncontrasttorushingpastovercrowdedtouristlandmarks,thenewtrendofcitywalkhasemergedasapopularalternativetoexploringbustlingmarkets,ancientstreets,andcharmingalleysataleisurelypace.HerearesomegoodrecommendationsforcitywalkinChina.ShanghaiShanghaihasundertakenextensiverenovations（修复）inmanyhistoricandculturalneighborhoods.Forinstance,theWukangBuilding,whichwasbuiltin1924,underwenttwoconservationrenovationsin2009and2019.In2020,italsounderwenta“micro-update”.GuangzhouYongqingfang,ahistoricalcomplexinGuangzhou,issituatedonEnningRoadandisconsideredthecoreareaofoldGuangzhou,aswellasthecity'smostbeautifularcade.Startingin2009,aseriesofmicro-transformationsbeganinYongqingfangandhavecontinuedtothepresentday.Today,therevitalizedYongqingfanghasemergedasanewculturallandmark,wheretraditionalandmodernculturesmixharmoniouslyintheoldcity.FuzhouCurrently,Fuzhouhasatotallengthof131kilometersofmountaintrails,connectingwith501.7kilometersofwaterfrontgreenwaysandover200traditionalstreetsandalleys.TheFuzhouurbanforesttrail,whichwindsthroughnumerousparks,facilitatesacloseconnectionbetweenmountains,water,people,andthecity.NanjingYoucanexperiencehistoryandmodernityinNanjing.WalkandtastefromPingshiStreettoShengzhouRoad,getaroastducktakeoutandtwoliang（100grams）ofbeefpotstickersbeforeyousitdownforabowlofsoupnoodlestoppedwithporkrindsandribs.Treatyourselftosomerichtraditionalfoods.21.HowmanytimeshastheWukangBuildingbeenrenovatedinthepast20years?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.22.Whichcitysuitsanatureloveraccordingtothetext?A.Shanghai.B.Guangzhou.C.Fuzhòu.D.Nanjing.23.WhatdoGuangzhouandNanjinghaveincommon?A.Theyhaveahistoryofrenovations.B.Theyhavemanyworld-famousbuildings.C.Theyofferwaterfrontgreenwaysfortourists.D.Theycombinetraditionalandmoderncultures.BCandaceLeslieCimaisa75-year-oldfashionandlifestyleinfluencerworkingtochangetheattitudesregardingagingforbothhergenerationandtheonesfollowinghers.Candace'svideo,sharingacommentonherstylethatsays“You’re60.Youshouldn’twearthat”,got7.4millionviewsonsocialmedia.Sheisansweringcommentsabouthersleevelessshirtstylechoiceswith“Iam75,actually.”Inhermind,thereisnostigmaattachedtobeingaging.“Irememberbeingonthecheckoutlineatasupermarketandlookingattheheadlinesonthosemagazines.TheywouldalwayshaveheadlineslikeHowtolookyourbestat20,30,and40.Neverdidtheymention50,60,and70,”sherecallsinavideo.Inadditiontohervideos,Candacealsohasablogwhereshespeaksatlengthaboutagingandfashion.Candaceexplainsthatshewearsalotofsleevelesstops,andthereisalwayssomeonewhowritestoherthatwomenover60shouldnotbaretheirarms.Shehasawholearticleonherblogdevotedtothissleevelessshirtstyleelement,whichiscalledWoman'sRighttoBareArms.“So...youhavesomelooseskinonyourarmsorsomeveinsonyourlegsoragespotsonyourhand...Whyisthatabadthing?”Shemakesapoint,sayingthatitiswewhodecidewhetheritisabadthingandwhetherweareashamedofournaturalagingprocessandletothersmakeusfeellessthanweare.Afterall,everyoneages,soweallasasocietyshouldnormalizethesechangesandlearntoseethempositively.Forher,ageisnotjustanumber.It'sabadgeofhonortowearproudly.“Theonlywaytochangethatviewisthatwe,asolderwomen,showthemthatagingisagift,somethingtobeembraced,valuedandshared,”shewrites.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stigma”inparagraph2mean?A.Trouble.B.Worry.C.Shame.D.Difficulty.25.HowdoesCandacerespondtocommentsaboutherage?A.Sheusestheopportunitytopromotepositiveaging.B.Sheignoresthemanddoesnotaddressthempublicly.C.Shegetsupsetanddefendsherselfinanaggressivemanner.D.Sheavoidswearingclothesthatmightdrawattentiontoherage.26.WhichwordscanbestdescribeCandace?A.Caringandgenerous.B.Concernedandhelpful.D.Strangeandfashionable.C.Confidentandbrave.27.WhatmessagedoesCandacewanttoconvey?A.Agingshouldbefearedandhidden.B.Agingisanaturalprocesstobecelebrated.C.Fashiontrendsaremoreimportantthanpersonalstyle.D.Ageshoulddefineaperson'slifestyleandappearance.CThesummerof2023wasthehottesteverrecordedonEarth.Carbondioxide（CO₂）emissionsfromburningfossilfuelsarethemaincausesbehindclimatechange,andscientistssaytheymustbecontrolled.Butthere'sanothergreenhousegastodealwith:methane.Tacklingitmaybethebestbetforputtingthebrakesonrisingtemperaturesintheshortterm.That'sbecauseit'srelativelyshort-livedintheatmosphere—methanelastsabout12years,whileCO₂canstickaroundforhundredsofyears.Wealreadyhavestrategiesforcuttingmethaneemissions—fixingnaturalgasleaks（methaneisthemaincomponentofnaturalgas）,removingcoalgradually（miningoperationsreleasemethane）,eatinglessmeatanddairyproducts（cowsburplotsofmethane）andelectrifyingtransportationandappliances.Implementingallexistingstrategiescouldslowglobalwarmingby30percentoverthenextdecade,researchhasshown.Butsomeclimatescientists,includingJackson,sayweneedtogofurther.Scientistswanttodevelopwaystoremovemethanedirectlyfromtheair.Mostideasarestillinearlyresearchstages.TheNationalAcademiesofSciences,EngineeringandMedicineiscurrentlystudyingthesepotentialtechnologies,theirstateofreadinessandpossiblerisks,andwhatfurtherresearchandfundingareneeded.Someoftheapproachesincludere-engineeringbacteriathatarealreadygoodateatingmethaneanddevelopingreactorsinmethane-richplacestochemicallytransformthegas.“Methaneisasprint（短跑）andCO₂isamarathon,”saysDesiréePlata,acivilandenvironmentalengineeratMIT.“Whilemethaneemissionsareasignificantcontributortoclimatechange,carbondioxideemissionsremaintheprimarydriver.Therefore,wemustcontinuetopursuestrategiestoreduceCO₂emissionswhilealsotargetingmethanereduction.”Forscientistsfocusedonremovinggreenhousegases,it'sofftotheraces.28.Whatisthebestwaytostoprisingtemperaturesintheshortterm?A.Quittingburningfossilfuels.B.Dealingwithmethaneemissions.C.Improvingcurrentresearchmethods.D.Controllingcarbondioxideemissions.29.Whatisthepossibleresultofcarryingoutexistingstrategies?A.Reducingtherateofglobalwarming.C.Trappingmethaneintheatmosphere.30.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph3?A.Theapproachesarenotfullydeveloped.C.Someapproacheshavebeenappliedwidely.B.Fixingnaturalgasleaks.D.Increasingtheuseofenergy.B.Thecurrentresearchprogressissufficient.D.Methaneemissionscanberemovedcompletely.31.WhatisDesiréePlata'sattitudetowardstheideaofremovingmethane?A.Indifferent.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Supportive.DAdvancesingenerativeartificialintelligence（AI）haveenabledauthentic-soundingspeechsynthesis（语音合成）tothepointthatapersoncannolongerdistinguishwhethertheyaretalkingtoanotherhumanoradeepfake（深度伪造）.Ifaperson'sownvoiceis“cloned”byathirdpartywithouttheiragreement,badguyscanuseittosendanymessagetheywant.ComputerscientistandengineerNingZhanghasdevelopedanewmethodtopreventunauthorizedspeechsynthesisbeforeittakesplace:atoolcalledAntiFake.Traditionaldeepfakedetectionmethodsonlyworkafterthedamageisdone.However,AntiFakepreventsvoicedatafrombeingsynthesizedintoanaudiodeepfakebeforehand.Thistoolturnsthetablesoncybercriminals（网络罪犯）byusingsimilarvoicecloningtechniquestheyemploy,butforvoiceprotection.Thesoftwarecomplicatesvoicedataextractionandfeatureidentificationcrucialforvoicesynthesis.“We’reusinganoppositeAItechniqueoriginallyusedbycybercriminals,butnowwe'reusingitagainstthem,”Zhangexplained.“Weslightlychangetherecordedaudio,justenoughtomakeitunusableforvoiceclonetrainingwhilestillsoundingnaturaltohumans.”BenZhao,aprofessorofcomputerscienceatUniversityofChicago,saysthatthesoftware,likealldigitalsecuritysystems,willneverprovidecompleteprotection.But,headdsthatitcanraisethebarandlimittheattacktoasmallergroupofindividualswithsignificantresources.AntiFakecanalreadyprotectshortervoicerecordingsagainstcloning.Thecreatorsofthetoolbelievethatitcouldbeextendedtoprotectlargeraudiodocumentsormusicfrommisuse.Butthemethodsandtoolsthataredevelopedmustbecontinuouslyadaptedbecausecybercriminalswilllearnandgrowwiththem.32.WhatistheprimarypurposeofAntiFake?A.Toimprovethequalityofsyntheticspeech.C.Todetectdeepfakesaftertheyhavebeencreated.happening.B.Toclonevoiceswithouttheowner'sapproval.D.Tostopunapprovedspeechgenerationfrom33.HowdoesAntiFakedifferfromthesetraditionalmethods?A.Itpreventsaudiodeepfakesinadvance.C.Itonlyworksonshortvoicerecordings.34.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Developersshouldfocusonshortvoicerecordings.B.Thebattleagainstdeepfakesrequiresongoingefforts.B.Itcannotdetectdeepfakesuntilcreated.D.Itreliesonhumanlistenerstoidentifydeepfakes.C.AntiFakeisineffectiveagainstadvancedcloningtechniques.D.AntiFakeprovidespermanentsolutionstothedeepfakethreat.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFutureofVoiceTechnology.B.AMethodforDetectingAIDeepfakes.D.ATooltoKeepAIfromStealingYourVoice.C.TheChallengeofTellingHumanVoices.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whensomethinggoeswrong,doyoutendtorecoverquicklyorfallapart?Somemightfinditextremelydifficulttocopewiththebarriers.Followingaresomestrategiestohelpyouhandleapersonalsetbackandgetbackontracktoachieveyourgoal.●Understandit'snormal.Fewerthan20percentofpeoplesucceedinreachingtheirgoalonthefirstattempt.Inotherwordsit'snotwhetherachallengewillhappen,butit'swhen.●Don'tdenyit.Sometimesitcanbedifficulttoidentifyasetback.Theproblemcanbestaringyourightintheface,butyoumaydenythere'sanycauseforalarm.37Thisinabilitytoacknowledgetheproblemdoesn'tmean36you'restupid.It'sjustthatdenialcancloudyourawarenessoftheissue.It'simportanttobeopentothehonestfeedback.●38Stopandconsidercarefullywhatwentwrong.Themostcommoncausesofasetbackarepersonalworries,overconfidence,andpoorcopingskills.Takealookatanyfactorthatmayhavecontributedtothesetback:whereyouwere,whoyouwerewith,whatyouwerethinkingandfeeling.●Learnfromit.Learnfromyouranalysisofthesetback,andadjustyourplantotrytopreventsimilarthingsfromhappeningnexttime.Eachtimeyouadaptyourplanandputitintoactionagain,youactuallyimproveyourchancesofeventualsuccess.39Remindyourselfthatyoursetbackisaslipinsteadofafall.towardsuccessagain.40Afteradjusting,youcanstillmakeprogressA.Don'ttakeitseriously.B.Analyzewhathappened.C.Persistinpursuingyourgoalsregardlessofchallenges.D.Despiteconcerns,youmaystillrefusetoacknowledgeit.E.Youhaven'tlostalloftheknowledge,skills,andsupport.F.Thus,thekeyliesinmanagingsetbackseffectivelywhentheyarise.G.Thisisbecauseyoulearnfromeachmissteptomakeyourplanmoreeffective.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ReneCompeanwasnostrangertoAngelesNationalForest.Butafterchallenginga45-year-oldmechanicwaslost.41pathlastApril,theAsthedayfadedintodusk,hisconcernturnedto.“I'mlost.SOS.Myphoneisgoingto44.”Hetextedthepolice,attachingaphotoshowingwherehewas.45showedhislegssurroundedbyanendlesslandscapeofrocksandplants.AllCompeancoulddothenwaswaitand46.Thetemperaturewasdroppingfast.Aftermountainlionsandabear,hekeptabigstickandsome48rocksbesidehimincaseananimalcameclose.Kuo,whoworksinthetechnologyindustry,alwaysloves49wherephotosaretaken.WhenhesawtheimageofCompean'slegsreleasedontheTwitter,he50pulledupasatellitemap.He51hissearchtothesurroundingareaafterknowingCompean'scarwasparkednearBuckhornCampground.Aftercomparingittothesatellitemap,Kuo52something:“He’sgottobeonthesouthsidebecausethere’snotreallyany53matched!Soon,Compeanwas42.Compeanclimbedtoaspotwithonebarof43The47twovalleysonthenorthside.”Thatfindingtightenedhissearch,andfinallythesaved.54Compean'sstoryprobablywouldhaveendedverydifferently,ifithadnotbeenforasatelliteskillsandasharpeyefordetailwhotookaction.55withstrong41.A.random42.A.shock43.A.signal44.A.abandon45.A.textB.newC.dustyC.fearD.straightB.puzzleB.trunkD.sadnessD.stickC.lightB.sustainB.videoB.hopeC.breakC.shotD.dieD.blog46.A.sleepC.starveC.huntingC.colorfulD.correspondD.spottingD.flat47.A.releasing48.A.sharpB.fetchingB.smooth49.A.testingout50.A.immediately51.A.submitted52.A.realized53.A.remoteB.attendingtoB.deliberatelyB.examinedB.guaranteedB.greenC.relyingonC.desperatelyC.narrowedC.recalledC.bareD.lookingforD.quietlyD.extendedD.seizedD.damp54.A.channels55.A.detectiveB.distributionsB.friendC.locationsC.hikerD.profilesD.stranger第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China'straditionaltea-makingwasaddedonTuesdaytotheintangibleculturalheritagelistoftheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization（UNESCO）.Theitem“TraditionalteaprocessingtechniquesandassociatedsocialpracticesinChina”IntergovernmentalCommittee.56（pass）theexaminationatthe17thsessionoftheUNESCOChinanowhas43itemsontheintangibleculturalheritagelist,countryintheworld.57（continue）tobethemostenlistedThetraditionalteaprocessingtechniquesandassociatedsocialpracticesinChinaconsist58knowledge,skills,andpracticesconcerningthedrinking,andsharingoftea.59（manage）ofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,manualprocessing,Sinceancienttimes,Chinesepeoplehavebeenplanting,picking,makinganddrinkingtea.60（base）onnaturalconditionsandlocalcustoms,Chineseteaproducershavedevelopedsix61（category）oftea:green,yellow,dark,white,oolongandblack.Besides,thereareothervarieties,62containflower-scentedteas,andmorethan2,000teaproducts.Thetraditionalteamakingtechniquesare63（main）concentratedinthefourtearegionsinChina.Associatedsocialpractices,however,groups.64（spread）throughoutthecountryandsharedbymultipleethnicTeaispopularinChinesepeople'sdailylife,servedinfamilies,workplaces,teahouses,restaurantsandtemples,tonameafew.65isalsoanimportantpartofsocializationandceremoniessuchasweddingsandsacrifices.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）发言。请你写一份发言稿，内容包括：1.你的观点及理由；2.你的建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。参考词汇:职业生涯规划课程careerplanningcoursesDearfriends,MynameisLiHua.Thankyouforyourlistening!第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ilovedthespellingbee（拼字比赛）somuchthateveryafternoonafterschool,Iwoulddiligentl