金融专业英语介绍

金融专业英语介绍演讲人：日期：目录OverviewofFinanceFinancialmarketsandinstitutionsFinancialproductsandservicesFinancialriskmanagementandregulationDevelopmentandApplicationofFinancialTechnologyOverviewofFinance01DefinitionFinancereferstothemanagementofmoneyandotherassets,includingtheprocessesofinvestment,borrowing,lending,andriskmanagementCharacteristicsFinanceinvestmentscomplexdecisionmakingunderuncertainty,requiresahighlevelofanalyticalskill,andiscloselylinkedtotheglobaleconomyDefinitionandcharacteristicsThefieldoffinancehasevolvedovertime,withthedevelopmentofbanking,stockmarkets,andotherfinancialinstitutionsHistoricaldevelopmentThefinanceindustryisnowhighlyglobalizedandtechnologydriven,withafocusoninnovationandsustainabilityCurrentsituationDevelopmenthistoryandcurrentsituationDomesticfinancialmajorstendtofocusonthedomesticeconomy,financialregulations,andlocalfinancialmarketsInternationalfinancialmajor,ontheotherhand,emphasisglobalfinancialmarkets,internationaltrade,andcrossborderinvestmentsDomesticfinancialmajorsmayincludecoursesondomestictaxlawsandaccountingstandards,whileinternationalfinancialmajorsoftencovertopicssuchasinternationalfinancialmanagementandforeignexchangeriskmanagementDomesticfocusInternationalfocusCurriculumdifferencesDifferencesbetweendomesticandinternationalfinancialmajorsFinancialmarketsandinstitutions02ClassificationandfunctionsoffinancialmarketsPrimaryMarketsWheresecuritiesarecreatedandsoldforthefirsttime,bothtoraisecapitalforcompaniesorgovernmentsSecondaryMarketsWherepreviouslyissuedsecuritiesarebulkyandsolidamonginvestors,offeringliquidityandpricediscoveryMoneyMarketsShorttermdebtmarketsforhighliquidinstrumentssuchastreasurybills,commercialpaper,andrepostCapitalMarketsLongtermdebtandequitymarketswherebusinessesandgovernmentsraisefundsforexpansion,investment,andotheractivitiesBanks:Acceptdeposits,makeloans,andprovideotherfinancialservicessuchaswealthmanagementandinternationaltransactionsInvestmentBanks:Assistinraisingcapital,facilitatingtradesandacquisitions,andprovidingadviceonfinancialmarketsandinstrumentsPensionsFundsandMutualFunds:Manageinvestmentsonhalfofindividualsandinstitutions,promotingdiversifiedportfoliosandretentionplanningservicesInsuranceCompanies:ProvideriskmanagementservicesbypoolingrisksandpayingclaimstopolicyholdersintheeventoflossesTypesandResponsibilitiesofFinancialInstitutionsRegulatoryFrameworksDomesticmarketsaretypicallysubjecttothelawsandregulationsofasinglecountry,whileinternationalmarketsmustnavigatemultipleregulatorysystemsMarketParticipantsDomesticmarketstendtobedominatedbylocalinvestorsandinstitutions,whereinternationalmarketsattractamorediverserangeofparticipantsfromaroundtheworldTradingPracticesDomesticmarketsmayhaveuniquetradingpracticesandcustomsthatdifferfromthoseininternationalmarkets,suchassettlementcycles,tradinghours,andholidaysComparisonofdomesticandinternationalfinancialmarketsRisksandOpportunitiesInternationalfinancialmarketsofferinvestorsaccesstoabroadrangeofinvestmentopportunitiesbutmayalsoexposethemtoadditionalriskssuchascurrencyfluctuationsandpoliticalfacilitiesComparisonofdomesticandinternationalfinancialmarketsFinancialproductsandservices03BankingproductsTheseincludesavingsaccounts,checkingaccounts,certificatesofdeposit(CDs),andmoneymarketaccountsBankingproductstypicallyoffersafetyandliquiditybutmayhavelowerreturnscomparedtootherfinancialproductsInvestmentproductsTheseincludestocks,bonds,mutualfunds,andexchangetradedfunds(ETFs)InvestmentproductsofferthepotentialforhigherreturnsbutalsocomewithhigherriskTypesandcharacteristicsoffinancialproductsInsuranceproductsTheseincludelifeinsurance,healthinsurance,propertyandcasualtyinsurance,andaccessoriesInsuranceproductsprovideprotectionagainstpotentialfinanciallossesandcanofferpeaceofmindAlternativeinvestmentsTheseincludehedgefunds,privateequity,venturecapital,andrealestateinvestmenttrusts(REITs)AlternativeinvestmentscanprovidediversificationandthepotentialforhigherreturnsbutmayalsobemorecomplexandriskyTypesandcharacteristicsoffinancialproductsBankingservicesTheseincludedeposittaking,lending,foreignexchange,andpaymentservicesBanksalsoofferwealthmanagementandinvestmentadvicetotheircustomersInvestmentservicesTheseincludestockbrokerage,assetmanagement,andfinancialplanningInvestmentfirmhelpstheirclientsgrowtheirwealthbyadvancinginvestmentresearchandrecommendationsScopeandmethodsoffinancialservicesInsuranceservicesTheseincludeunderwriting,claimsprocessing,andriskmanagementInsurancecompaniesprovideprotectionagainstfinanciallossesbypoolingrisksandchargingpremiumsFinancialadvisoryservicesTheseincludefinancialplanning,taxplanning,estateplanning,andretentionplanningFinancialadvisorshelptheirclientsachievetheirfinancialgoalsbyprovidingcomprehensiveadviceandplanningservicesScopeandmethodsoffinancialservicesTechnicalinnovationTheriskoffintechcompanieshasledtothedevelopmentofnewandinnovativefinancialproductssuchasrobotadvisors,peer-to-peerlendingplatforms,anddigitalcurrenciesSustainabilityandESGinvestmentThereisagrowingtrendtowardsinvestingincompaniesandprojectsthatalignwithenvironmental,social,andgovernance(ESG)principlesThishasledtothedevelopmentofgreenbonds,socialimpactfunds,andothersustainableinvestmentproductsTrendsinFinancialProductInnovationPersonalizationandcustomizationFinancialinstitutionsareincreasinglyofferingpersonalizedandcustomizedproductsandservicestomeettheuniqueneedsandpreferencesoftheircustomersThisincludespersonalizedinvestmentportfolios,tailedinsurancepolicies,andcustomizedbankingsolutionsDemolitionoffinanceTheinternetandmobiletechnologyhavemadefinancemoreaccessibletoawiderrangeofpeopleOnlinebanking,mobilepaymentplatforms,andcrowdfundingplatformshaveloweredthebarrierstoentryandmadeiteasierforindividualsandsmallbusinessestoaccessfinancialservicesTrendsinFinancialProductInnovationFinancialriskmanagementandregulation04CreditRiskThelikelihoodoflossarisingfromaborrower'sfailuretorepayaloanormeetcontractualobligationsIdentificationmethodsincludecreditratingassessments,collectiveevaluations,andanalysisofborrower'sfinancialstatementsMarketRiskTheriskoflossesarisingfrommovementsinmarketprices,suchasinterestrates,equityprices,andcurrencyexchangeratesIdentificationmethodsincludesensitivityanalysis,valueatrisk(VaR)calculations,andstresstestingOperationalRiskTheriskoflossesresultingfrominadequateorfailedinternalprocesses,people,andsystems,orfromexternaleventsIdentificationmethodsincluderiskassessments,audittrailreviews,andincidentreportingTypesandidentificationmethodsoffinancialrisks02010403RiskAvoidanceRiskMitigationRiskTransferRiskRetentionRiskmanagementstrategiesandmeasuresAvoidingcertainactivitiesortransactionsthatcarryunacceptablelevelsofriskReducingthelikelihoodorimpactofariskeventthroughcontrols,diversification,hedging,andotherriskmanagementtechniquesShiftingtherisktoanotherpartythroughinsurancecontracts,derivatives,orotherfinancialinstrumentsAcceptingtheriskandmanagingitthroughinternalprocessesandcapitalallocationRegulatoryFrameworksComparingthelegalandinstitutionalframeworksforfinancialregulationindifferentcountries,includingthestructureandpowersofregulatoryagenciesSupervisoryApproachesAnalyzingthedifferentsupervisoryapproachesadoptedbyregulators,suchasrulesbasedversusprincipalbasedregulation,andtheuseofonsiteinspectionsversusoffsitemonitoringRegulatoryFocusExaminingtheareaoffocusforfinancialregulationindifferentcountries,suchasconsumerprotection,marketintegrity,andsystemicriskmanagementComparisonofFinancialRegulatorySystemsatHomeandAbroadInternationalCooperationDiscussingtheroleofinternationalcooperationinfinancialregulation,includingcrossbordersupervision,informationsharing,andcrisismanagementComparisonofFinancialRegulatorySystemsatHomeandAbroadDevelopmentandApplicationofFinancialTechnology05Financialtechnology,alsoknownasFinTech,referstotheapplicationoftechnologyinthefinancialindustry,aimingtoimprovefinancialservicesandcreatenewfinancialproductsThedevelopmentoffinancialtechnologycanbetracedbacktotheearlyuseofcomputersinthefinancialindustry,andwiththerapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,mobiletechnology,bigdata,artisticintelligence,andothertechnologies,financialtechnologyhasalsoemergedunderonetrendchangesFinancialtechnologycoversa