新教材2025版高中英语课时作业十五Unit3ConservationPartⅢLesson2WaronPlasticPackets北师大版选择性必修第一册

课时作业(十五)Unit3PartⅢLesson2WaronPlasticPackets阅读理解AAnimalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot,Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback,Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample,theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines(刺)thatdiscouragegrass­eatinganimals.Hollyonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasswearsdowntheanimals'teeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar(毛虫)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.AcertainplantinChina,forinstance,hasprickly(多刺的)leaves,andeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom(毒液).Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.1．Theleavesofthehollyplanthavemorespinesonthelowerbranchesbecausemostanimals________.A．arenottallenoughB．likethelowerleavesonlyC．arenotcleverenoughD．cangetthelowerleaveseasily2．Todefendthemselves,oaktreesuse________.A．chemicalmeansB．physicalmeansC．bitterchemicalsD．sandymaterials3．Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A．Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B．Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C．Itsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattacked.D．Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．PlantsandAnimalsB．HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC．AttacksandDefensesD．HowAnimalsEatPlants'LeavesBSurvivingHurricaneSandy(飓风桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial，”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgesclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh­risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome，”Nataliesays，“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch­neededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway，”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”5．WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound________.A．somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB．herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC．herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD．theelderlywerefreefromsuffering6．AccordingtoParagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A．ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B．Thepeopletrappedinhigh­risebuildings.C．Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D．Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.7．HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A．Shegavehertoystootherkids.B．Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C．ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D．Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.8．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB．AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC．Eastorwest,homeisbestD．TechnologyispowerCOnWorldMentalHealthDay(10October),employeesatourMelbourneofficeinAustralia,heldamorningteaeventtoraisefundsforReachOutAustralia—anonlinementalhealthorganizationforyoungpeopleandtheirparents.Theeventincludedaraffle(抽奖)withthewinnerreceivingafree“mentalhealthday”andtherunnerupreceivingahalf­day.Mentalhealthdaysarepersonaldaystakenoffofworkthatarenotdeducted(扣除)fromannualleavebalances.Theyaredesignedtoenableemployeestopracticeself­careandspendtimedoingmoreofwhatmakesthemfeelhappyandrefreshed.Aswellasthemorningtea,theMelbourneofficehelda“StressDownDay”whereemployeesworecasual,comfortableclothes(suchastracksuitsandslippers)toworkbydonation.TheproceedsfromthiswerealsodonatedtoReachOutAustralia,alongwithmoneyraisedatthemorningtea.OUPHR(牛津高校出版社人力资源)AdministratorAbigailJenkins,explains，“BeingabletoraisemoneyforReachOutAustraliaissomeaningfulasmanyyoungpeopleinAustraliaexperienceclinicallysignificantmentalhealthissuesbutarenotreceivingsupport.It'smybeliefthatnobodyshouldbesufferinglikethat,letaloneouryoungpeople.Supportinganorganizationthataimstoprovidefree,accessible,andimmediatehelpisreallymeaningfultoeveryonehere.”Inordertopromotementalhealthawarenesswithintheteam,thevariousfundraisingactivitiesweresupportedbyapresentationfromtheBlackDogInstitute,coveringmentalhealthintheworkplace,howtorecognizeearlywarningsigns,andhowtocareforourselvesandothers.9．WhydidthestaffmembersofMelbourneofficeholdthemorningteaevent?A．TocelebrateWorldMentalDay.B．Tohelptreatthosewithdisabilities.C．Tocollectmoneyforyoungpeopleandtheirparents.D．Tocollectmoneyforanonlinementalhealthorganization.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2referto?A．Balances.B．Events.C．Organizations.D．Mentalhealthdays.11．WhatcanbeinferredfromAbigailJenkins'words?A．Manyyoungpeopleoffertohelp.B．ManyyoungpeoplesuffermentalproblemsinAustralia.C．Weshouldsupportanorganizationtohelpthosewithmentalhealthproblems.D．Manypeoplewithmentalhealthproblemsdon'tgethelpfromthegovernment.12．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．HowisWorldMentalHealthDayformed.B．ReachOutAustraliacarriedoutapresentationforthosewithmentalproblems.C．FundraisingactivitiesareheldtosupportthosewithmentalhealthproblemsinAustralia.D．TheBlackDogInstituteperformedactivitiestosupportthosewithmentalhealthproblems.课时作业(十五)阅读理解A【语篇解读】文章属于说明文。介绍不能移动的植物是如何爱护自己的，有些植物实行了物理学上的方法，有些实行了化学上的方法，使自己免受动物的损害，爱护自己。1．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段中的Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.可知选D项。2．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.可知橡树有厚的、坚硬的叶子，运用的是物理学上的方法来爱护自己。故B项正确。3．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的Whenacaterpillar(毛虫)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.可知树根引起分泌出更多的尼古丁，故C项正确。4．答案与解析：B主旨大意题。本文主要讲解并描述的是不能移动的植物是如何爱护自己的，有些植物实行了物理学上的方法，有些实行了化学上的方法，使自己免受动物的损害，爱护自己。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲解并描述了一个女孩在家乡小镇遭受飓风后，尽自己的力气创建了一个信息共享网站来帮助人们重建家园。文章告知我们：只要尽力，小人物也会有大贡献。5．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段第一句WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.可知Natalie回到Rockaway时，发觉社区的房子都被毁了。故选B。6．答案与解析：A细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段第一句Inthefollowingfewday,themen...inspiredNatalie.可知，是那些帮助重建Rockaway的人们鼓舞了Natalie。故选A。7．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据文章第七段第一句Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.可知，Natalie创建了一个信息共享平台来帮助生还者。故选D。8．答案与解析：A写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲解并描述了一个小女孩在家乡遭受飓风后，尽自己的力气帮助生还者的故事。文章旨在告知我们：在危机来临时，每个人都可以贡献出自己的一份力气。A项“小人物也会有大贡献”符合文章主旨。故选A。C【语篇