有关金融专业英文

演讲人：有关金融专业英文日期：IntroductiontoFinanceFinancialMarketsandInstrumentsCorporateFinanceRiskManagementandFinancialDerivativesInternationalFinanceBankingandFinancialIntermediation目录contentsIntroductiontoFinance0101Financeisthestudyofhowindividuals,businesses,andgovernmentsraise,allocate,andusemonetaryresourcesovertime02Itinvolvesthemanagementofriskandtheconsiderationofopportunitycostsindecisionmaking03Financeencompassesawiderangeofactivities,includingbanking,investment,andinsuranceDefinitionandOverviewofFinanceIthelpstomobilizesavingsandchannelthemintoproductiveinvestments,therepromotingeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentFinancealsoenablesbusinessestomanageriskanduncertainty,ensuringtheirfinancialstabilityandcontinuityFinanceplaysacriticalroleintheeconomybyfacilitatingtheflowoffundsfromsaverstoinvestorsTheRoleofFinanceintheEconomyTimeValueofMoneyTheconceptthatmoneyisavailableatthepresentationtimeismorethanthesameamountinthefutureduetoitspotentialearningcapacityDiversionThepracticeofspreadinginvestmentsacrossdifferentassetclasses,industries,andgeographicregionstoreduceoverallriskLevelTheuseofborrowedfundstoincreasethepotentialreturnonaninvestment,whilealsoincreasingthelevelofriskRiskandReturnTheprinciplethathigherreturnsaregenerallyassociatedwithhigherlevelsofriskBasicFinancialConceptsandPrinciplesFinancialMarketsandInstruments02WherebusinessesandgovernmentsraiselongtermfundsthroughthesaleofsecuritieslikestocksandbondsCapitalMarketsShorttermfinancialmarketswherefinancialinstitutionsandlargecompaniesbowandlendmoneyforashortperiodoftime,usuallyayearorlessMoneyMarketsMarketswherethevalueoftheunderlyingasset,suchascommodities,currencies,interestrates,orstocks,isderivedfromthevalueofanotherassetDerivativesMarketsMarketswherecurrenciesaretraded,allowingfortheconversionofonecurrencyintoanotherForeignExchangeMarketsTypesofFinancialMarketsStocksRepresentownershipinacompanyandtitletheholdertoashareofthecompany'sprofitsDebtsecuritiesissuedbygovernmentsorcorporationstoraisefunds,withapromisetorepaytheprincipalandinterestataspecifieddateFinancialcontractswhosevalueisderivedfromtheperformanceofanunderlyingassetorgroupofassetsInvestmentvehiclesthatpoolmoneyfrommanyinvestorsandinvestitinadiversifiedportfolioofsecuritiesBondsDerivativesMutualFundsFinancialInstrumentsandTheirUsesMarketParticipantsandTheirRollsIssuersEntitiesthatsellsecuritiestoraisefunds,suchasgovernments,corporations,oragenciesInvestorsIndividualsorinstitutionsthatbuysecuritiestoearnareturnontheirinvestmentIntermediariesEntitiesthatfacilitatethetradeofsecurities,suchasbrokers,dealers,orexchangesRegulatorsGovernmentagenciesorindependentbodiesthatoverseeandregulatethefinancialmarketstoensurefairnessandtransparencyCorporateFinance0301CorporationsmustdecideontheappropriatemixofdebtandequityfinancingtofundtheiroperationsandgrowthDebtvs.EquityFinancing02Thecostofdifferentsourcesoffinancing(debt,equity,hybrids)andhowitaffectstheoverallcostofcapitalforthefirmCostofCapital03Theuseofdebtcanincreaseafirm'sfinancialriskandthepotentialforhigherreturns,butalsoincreasethelikelihoodoffinancialdistressLevelandFinancialRisk04Differenttheories(e.g.,ModiglianiMillertheory,tradeofftheory,peckingordertheory)explainhowfirmdeterminetheiroptimalcapitalstructureCapitalStructureTheoriesCapitalStructureandFinancingDecisionsInvestmentDecisionsandValuationCapitalBudgetingTheprocessofevaluatingandselectinglongterminvestmentsthatareexpectedtogeneratereturnsexceedingthefirm'scostofcapitalValuationMethodsDifferentvaluationtechniques(e.g.,discountedcashflowanalysis,comparablecompanyanalysis,priortransactionanalysis)areusedtoestimatethevalueofapotentialinvestmentRiskandReturnInvestmentswithhigherexpectedreturnstypicallycarryhigherlevelsofrisk,andfirmmustbalancethetradeoffbetweenriskandreturnInvestmentDecisionsandValuationDividedPolicyandShareholderValueDividedIrelandAccordingtotheModiglianiMillertheory,dividedpolicyshouldnotaffectthevalueofafirminaperfectmarketDividedAdvantageInpractice,dividedpolicycansignafirm'sfinancialhealthandfutureprospectstoinvestorsandmayaffectthefirm'sstockpriceDividedPoliciesFirmsmaychoosedifferentdividepolicies(e.g.,stabledividepolicy,soliddividepolicy,dividelayoutratio)basedontheirfinancialsituationandgrowthprospectsShareholderValueCreationTheultimategoalofcorporatefinanceistocreateshareholdervaluebymakingsoundinvestmentsandfinancingdecisionsthatmaximizethefirm'slongtermeconomicvalueDividedPolicyandShareholderValueRiskManagementandFinancialDerivatives04TypesandSourcesofFinancialRiskMarketRiskArisesfromchangesinmarketprices,suchasstockprices,bondyields,andcurrencyexchangeratesCreditRiskAssociatedwiththepossibilitythataborrowerorcounterpartywilldefaultonitsobjectivesOperationalRiskRelatedtofailuresininternalprocesses,people,andsystems,orfromexternaleventsLiquidityRiskAriseswhenanassetcannotbebouncedorsoldquicklyenoughtopreventorminimizealossTheprocessofidentifyingandassessingpotentialrisksthatcouldaffectanorganizationRiskIdentificationMeasuringthepotentialimpactofariskandthelikelihoodofitoccurringRiskQuantificationImplementingstrategiestoreducetheimpactofariskorthelifestyleofitoccurringRiskmitigationContinuouslymonitoringrisksandprovidingregularreportstoseniormanagementRiskMonitoringandReportingRiskManagementStrategiesandTechnologiesContractsthatcommitthebuyerandsellertotransactanassetataspecifiedpriceonafuturedateForwardsandFuturesContractsthatgivetheholdertheright,butnottheopposition,tobuyorsellanassetataspecifiedpriceonorbeforeacertaindateOptionsAgreementsbetweentwopartiestoexchangecashflowsorliabilitiesfromtwodifferentfinancialinstrumentsSwapsUsingderivativestoreducetheriskofadversepricemovementsinanassetbytakinganoffsettingpositioninaderivativeHeddingFinancialDerivativesandTheirApplicationsInternationalFinance05TypesofInternationalFinancialMarketsTheseincludeforeignexchangemarkets,moneymarkets,bondmarkets,equitymarkets,andderivativemarketsRoleofInternationalFinancialInstitutionsMajorinstitutionssuchastheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),theWorldBank,andregionaldevelopmentbanksplayacriticalroleinfacilitatinginternationalfinancialtransactionsandpromotingeconomicdevelopmentInternationalFinancialMarketsandInstitutionsFunctionsofInternationalFinancialMarketsandInstitutionsTheyprovideaplatformfortradingcurrencies,securities,andotherfinancialassets;Facilitatetheflowofcapitalacrossborders;AndofferriskmanagementtoolsandservicesInternationalFinancialMarketsandInstitutionsDeterminantsofExchangeRatesExchangeratesareinfluencedbyavarietyoffactors,includinginterestrates,inflationrates,economicgrowthrates,andpoliticalstabilityTypesofForeignExchangeRisksTheseincludetransactionrisk,translationrisk,andeconomicrisk,whichcanaffectthevalueofacompany'sassets,liabilities,andincomeinforeigncurrenciesManagingForeignExchangeRisksCompaniescanusehedgingstrategiessuchasforwardcontracts,futurecontracts,options,andcurrencyswapstomitigatetheimpactofforeignexchangerisksontheirfinancialperformanceForeignExchangeRatesandRisksTypesofInternationalInvestmentsTheseincludedirectinvestmentsinforeigncompaniesorassets,portfolioinvestmentsinforeignsecurities,anddirectinvestmentsthroughinternationalmutualfundsorexchangetradedfunds(ETFs)FactorsAffectingInternationalInvestmentDecisionsInvestorsconsiderfactorssuchastheriskreturnprofileoftheinvestment,thestabilityandgrowthprospectsoftheforeigneconomy,andthelegalandregulatoryenvironmentinthehostcountryInternationalInvestmentandFinancingDecisionsInternationalFinancingOptionsCompaniescanraisecapitalfromforeignsourcesthroughequityfinancing(e.g.,issuingsharesonforeignstockexchanges)ordebtfinancing(e.g.,issuingbondsdeclaredinforeigncurrencies)Theymustalsoconsiderthecostandavailabilityofcapital,aswellastheimpactofforeignexchangeratesonpaymentobjectivesInternationalInvestmentandFinancingDecisionsBankingandFinancialIntermediation06AcceptingdepositsBanksactascustodyofcustomers'money,offeringsafetyands