新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅣ写作指导夯基提能作业新人教版必修第三册

Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅣ写作指导Ⅰ.阅读理解(2024·湖南省湖南师大附中高一下阶段检测)IfMarswerethepopularkidinschool，Venus(金星)wouldbetheunwelcomeonesittinginthecorner,largelyignored.VenushasnearlythesamemassandsizeasEarth,butbeingclosertothesun,itgetsnearlytwiceasmuchheatfromthesun.However,insteadofhavingaclimatethatisjustawarmerversionofEarth's,Venus'ssurfaceandatmosphereareunbearable：cloudsofsulphuricacid(硫酸)blankettheplanet,whileatgroundlevel,itishotenoughtomeltlead.Despitethis,thereisnowasignthatVenusmayharbourlife.JaneGreavesatCardiffUniversity，UK,andhercolleaguesrecentlydetectedphosphine(磷化氢)inVenus'satmosphere,withonepotentialexplanationthatitistheby-productofbiology.ThatisbecausetheonlywaythisgasismadeonEarthisinlaboratoriesorbymicrobes(微生物)．Thoughthisdoesn'tmeanitwasproducedbylifeonVenus,attemptstofindnon-biologicalexplanationsforitspresencehavesofarfailed.OurbestwayofconfirmingorrejectingthepossibilityoflifeonVenusistogoandhaveaproperlook.WhileMarshasbeenthefocusofinterplanetaryexplorationeffortslately,thephosphinediscoveryletspeoplelookatVenusinanewlight.AsNASAadministratorJimBridenstinetweeted：“It'stimetoprioritizeVenus.”Inthemonthsandyearstocome,computersimulationswillbeusedtofurtherstudythepossiblechemistriesoftheatmosphereonVenus.Morelaboratoryexperimentswillbeconductedtotrytoidentifyotherwaysthephosphinetherecouldbeproduced.However,thereisnoguaranteethattheseeffortswillrevealthetruenatureofthissubstanceonVenus.Anewly-proposedstrategyistodirectlysampletheatmosphereandsurfaceofVenus.Bydoingso,wewouldbeabletotakedirectmeasurementsofphosphine.ThediscoveryofphosphineinVenus'satmosphereisagreataccomplishment.Thescientificeffortsmaybejustwhatweneedtofinallyrefocusonthisneglectedworld.Possibly,thequietkidinthecornermaygetthelastlaugh.文章大章：本文是一篇说明文。随着磷化氢被发觉在金星，科学家们信任金星上可能孕育着生命。1．WhichdescriptionaboutVenusisnottrue？CA．ItisalmostaslargeasEarth.B．IthasnearlythesamemassasEarth.C．IthasawarmerEarth-likeclimate.D．Ithastheunbearablesurfaceandatmosphere.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“However,insteadof...meltlead.(然而，金星的气候并不是只比地球暖和一点，金星的表面和大气层令人难以忍受：硫酸云覆盖了整个行星，而在地面上，温度高到足以溶化铅。)”可知，C项“金星有像地球一样暖和的气候。”错误。故选C。2．WhatcanthediscoveryofphosphineonVenusindicate?BA．Thiskindofgasisverycommon.B．Theremightexistsignsoflife.C．Manyproductscanbemadewithit.D．Experimentswereonceconductedthere.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句“Despitethis,...life.(尽管如此，现在有迹象表明金星上可能有生命。)”以及第三段第一句“JaneGreaves...biology.(英国卡迪夫高校的简·格里夫斯和她的同事最近在金星的大气层中发觉了磷化氢，一种可能的说明是，它是生物的副产品。)”可知，磷化氢的发觉表明金星上可能有生命的迹象。故选B。3．WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout？AA．Theapproachestoexploringphosphine.B．Theimportanceofobservations.C．Thepowerofcomputersimulations.D．Thenecessitytoanalysephosphine.解析：段落大意题。依据第五段内容可知，本段提到了“computersimulations(计算机模拟)”，“laboratoryexperiments(试验室试验)”和“sampletheatmosphereandsurfaceofVenus(采集金星大气和表面的样本)”等方法来探究金星上的磷化氢，因此第五段主要说明白探究磷化氢的方法。故选A。4．Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetotheexplorationofVenus？CA．Casual. B．Cautious.C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Thediscoveryof...thisneglectedworld.(在金星大气中发觉磷化氢是一项宏大的成就。科学努力可能正是我们最终重新关注这个被忽视的世界所须要的。)”可推知，作者对于探究金星持支持的看法。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtokeepyourchildinterestedinSpaceScience?Doesyourchildwishtoexploreourgalaxy(星系)?DoesSpaceSciencefascinatehim？1.D.Instead,keepfuellinghisinterest.Readontofindoutwhatyoushoulddo.Firstly,bothyouandyourchildshouldunderstandthatworkingataspacecentredoesn'tmeanbeinganastronautalone.Staffatspacecentresincludemathematicians,scientists,accountants,humanresourcepersonnel,educatorsandsoon.2.B,yourchildmightevengettosendsomeoneintospace.Excellinginacademicsandphysicalfitnessarethekeypointsforbeingselectedascandidates(候选人)．Keepingtheseinmind,let'stakealookatfourwaystokeepfuellingyourchild'sinterestinSpaceScience.1．Readbooks.3.G,introduceyourchildtothemearlyon.Nothinglikebookscantransportyourlittleonesintothefascinatingworldofspace.2．Attendspace-themedparties.Planbirthdayorhousepartiesonthethemeofspace.Involveyourchildand,maybe,hisfriendsorcousins,ingettingtheprops,settingsandcostumesready.4.A.Thatway,thepreparationwillbealearningexperienceforyourchild.3．Goonfieldtrips.Whynotvisitplanetariums(天文馆)andspacecentresforholidayoutingswithyourchild？5.F.Yourchildwillgettoseespacescientistsatworkandevengettowatchspecialdocumentariesatthesite.4．Watchspecialspaceevents.Wheneverthereisasatellitelaunchoraneclipse,makesureyougetyourchildtowatchit.Ifyoucandoitlive,thereisnothinglikeit.Therun-uptothecount-downwillsurelyexciteyourchild.Withalltheseactivities,youcansurelykeepyourchild'sinterestinSpaceSciencealive.A．YoucancombinefunandlearningB．IfnotactuallysteppingintospaceC．Trytogo“home-made”asfaraspossibleD．DonotpreventhimfromdreamingbigE．IfyourchildisdrawntowardsSpaceScienceF．TeachthemnotonlytoaskquestionsbuthowtoresearchanswersG．Whetheritissciencefictionorgeneralknowledgebooksrelatedtospace文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何让你的孩子对太空科学感爱好。解析：1.依据下文“Instead,keepfuelinghisinterest.”可知，此处应说明要激发孩子对太空科学的爱好，支持他们探究太空的幻想。D项(不要阻挡他做远大幻想)引出下文。故选D。2.依据下文“yourchildmightevengettosendsomeoneintospace”可知，你的孩子可能不是自己去太空，而是送别人进入太空。B项(假如不是真正踏入太空)引出下文。故选B。3.依据下文“introduceyourchildtothemearlyon(尽早将它们介绍给您的孩子)”可知，要让孩子尽早接触太空探究类的书籍。G项(无论是科幻小说还是与太空有关的一般学问书籍)引出下文。故选G。4.依据上文“Attendspace-themedparties.”和下文“Thatway,thepreparationwillbealearningexperienceforyourchild.”可知，在举办太空派对的同时也能学到一些东西。A项(你可以把乐趣和学习结合起来)承上启下。故选A。5.依据下文“Yourchildwillgetto...atthesite.”可知，要让孩子实地去探查。F项(教他们不仅要问问题，还要教他们如何探究答案)引出下文。故选F。Ⅲ.完形填空阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isahugespacestation.Itisbeing1.Dbythousandsofpeoplefrom16countries.Allthesepeoplearetryingtofindoutifhumanscanonedaybuild2.Cinspace.Floating230milesaboveEarth,theInternationalSpaceStationcurrently3.Ahugebuilding-blockprojectoutinspace.USspaceshuttlesandRussianrocketshavebeen4.Btoolsandpiecesofthe5.Aintospacetohelpfinishbuildingit.Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998toits6.D,morethan100majorpieceswillbeputtogethertocreatethisamazingspacestation.When7.D,itwillbethelargeststructureevertoflyaboveEarth.TheISSwillbelargerthanafootballfieldandwillweighaboutonemillionpounds.Inadditiontohelpingbuildthespacestation，8.Aaretryingtoanswersuchquestionsasthese：Howdoesspacetravelaffectgerms?Doesthehumanbodybreakdownfood9.Ainspace?Someday,thestationmayevenserveasalaunch-pad(放射台)fortripstoother10.B,suchasMars.Becauseofitsimpressivesize,theISSneedsalotof11.C.Likeotherman-madebodiesinspace,itspowercomesfromthesun.Tocreatesolar,energy,largepanels(嵌板)arelinedwithspecialmaterials.Thesematerials12.Athesun'senergyandchangeitintoelectricity.Sowhatdoesitcosttobuildsucha13.B?Itcostsover60billiondollars.14.Dthismayseemastronomical,itmaybeasmallpricetopayforaprojectthatenablessomeoftheworld'sfinestscientiststoworktogether,exploringspacefortheworld's15.B.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际空间站的建设状况。1．A.discussed B．usedC．driven D．constructed解析：考查动词词义辨析。由后文的“Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998”可知，这里应当讲的是国际空间站的修建。故选D。2．A.schools B．shopsC．homes D．factories解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：全部这些人都在试图发觉人类是否有一天能在太空中建设家园。A.schools学校；B.shops商店；C.homes家；D.factories工厂。依据前面“humanscanoneday”可知，整句话上升到人类是否在外太空生存的高度，所以应讲人们希望在太空建立家园。故选C。3．A.lookslike B．comesfromC．turnsinto D．belongsto解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：目前，国际空间站漂移在距地球230英里的高空，看起来就像一个巨大的太空建筑工程。A.lookslike看起来像；Besfrom来自；C.turnsinto变成；D.belongsto属于。依据下文“hugebuilding-block”表“巨大积木”可知，此处形容空间站像积木一样。故选A。4．A.changing B．transportingC．breaking D．dividing解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国的航天飞机和俄罗斯的火箭始终在将空间站的工具和部件运输到太空，来帮助完成空间站的建设。A.changing变更；B.transporting运输；C.breaking打破；D.dividing划分。依据前文“Floating230milesaboveEarth”可知，空间站离地球很远，工具和部件是从地球运输到太空的。故选B。5．A.station B．materialC．metal D．product解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国的航天飞机和俄罗斯的火箭始终在将空间站的工具和部件运输到太空，来帮助完成空间站的建设。A.station站；B.material原材料；C.metal金属；D.product产品。依据后文“thisamazingspacestation”可知，此处应表示为空间站(的工具和部件)。故选A。6．A.design B．progressC．popularity D．completion解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从1998年起先建立到完成，将有100多个主要部件组装在一起，创建出这个令人惊羡的空间站。A.design设计；B.progress进步；C.popularity流行；Dpletion完成。依据前面“Fromthebeginningofitsconstruction”中“起先建立”对应，此处应选完成(建立)。故选D。7．A.applied B．closedC．entered D．finished解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：建成后，它将成为有史以来在地球上空飞行的最大的建筑。A.applied应用；B.closed关闭；C.entered进入；D.finished完成。依据前面“construction”可知，太空站在建立中，此处指太空站完成建立后状况。故选D。8．A.scientists B．professorsC．architects D．workers解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了帮助建立空间站外，科学家们还试图回答这样的问题：太空旅行如何影响细菌？人体在太空中分解食物的方式不同吗？A.scientists科学家；B.professors教授；C.architects建筑师；D.workers工人。依据后文“someoftheworld'sfinestscientiststoworktogether”前后对应，此处应填科学家。故选A。9．A.differently B．activelyC．instantly D．wholly解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：除了帮助建立空间站外，科学家们还试图回答这样的问题：太空旅行如何影响细菌？人体在太空中分解食物的方式不同吗？A.differently不同地；B.actively活跃地；C.instantly马上地；D.wholly完全地。依据下文“inspace”可知，本句主要表达太空的生活方式和地球的不同。故选A。10．A.surfaces B．planetsC．locations D．lands解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，空间站甚至可能成为前往其他星球(如火星)的放射台。A.surfaces表面；B.planets星球；C.locations位置；D.lands地。依据后文“Mars”火星可知，此处主要讲星球。故选B。11．A.astronauts B．expertsC．power D．space解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于其巨大的体积，国际空间站须要大量的能量。A.astronauts宇航员；B.experts专家；C.power能量；D.space空间。依据后文“itspowercomesfromthesun”可知，此处应填能量。故选C。12．A.collect B．produceC．provide D．consume解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些材料收集太阳的能量并将其转化为电能。A.collect收集；B.produce生产；C.provide供应；D.consume消费。依据后文的“changeitintoelectricity”可知，在太阳能转换电能之前是收集太阳能。故选A。13．A.house B．structureC．mode D．system解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么建立这样一个结构须要多少成本呢？A.house房子；B.structure构造；C.mode模型；D.system系统。依据句意，和前文“hugebuilding-blockproject”和“Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998”可知，太空站是一个像积木一样的构造物，此处应填structure。故选B。14．A.Since B．IfC．When D．Although解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这(些花费)看起来太大了，但对于一个能让世界上一些最优秀的科学家一起为了世界的将来探究太空的项目来说，这可能是一个很小的代价。A.Since自从；B.If假如；C.When当；D.Although虽然。依据分析可知，这两句话是转折关系，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选D。15．A.existence B．futureC．peace D．dream解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这(些花费)看起来太大了，但对于一个能让世界上一些最优秀的科学家一起为了世界的将来探究太空的项目来说，这可能是一个很小的代价。A.existence存在；B.future将来；C.peace和平；D.dream幻想。依据前文“tofindoutifhumanscanonedaybuild2inspace”可知，探究太空是为了人类的将来。故选B。Ⅳ.语法填空阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asyouknow,scienceplays1.averyimportantroleinoureducation.Doyouwanttokeepupwiththelatestresearchanddiscoveriesinscience?Therearemanygoodwebsites2.whereyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.OnegreatsiteisScienceNewsforKids.Thissitereportssciencenews3.covering(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.Thearticlesareintended4.foryoungerreaders,5.butadultswillfindthissitesuitableforthemaswell.Anotherwonderfulsite,onethatIcheckouteveryday，6.iscalled(call)ScienceDaily.Thesiteis7.constantly(constant)updatedwithnews,oftenaboutexciting8.findings(finding)thatchangehowweviewtheworld.Thesesitespostthelateststoriesandalsokeepallthepastarticlesthey9.posted(post)earlier.Thatwayyoucanfindjustaboutanythingthat10.is(be)relatedtothesciencefieldsyourareinterestedin.文章大意：本文讲解并描述了两个可以用来了解世界上最新的科学进展的网站，从而能让我们时刻追踪自己感爱好的科学领域。解析：1.考查冠词。固定短语playarolein意为“在……方面起作用”，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。2.考查定语从句。本句为定语从句修饰先行词websites意为“网站”，是一个具有地点意义的名词，从句中缺少状语，因此关系副词where在从句中作为地点状语。故填where。3．考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，这个网站报道科学新闻，并且涵盖范围广，有很多科目。cover在本句中用非谓语动词形式作定语，且与sciencenews之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用cover的现在分词形式。故填covering。4.考查介词。固定搭配beintendedfor“专为……；准备为……所用”，故填for。5.考查连词。句意：这些文章是为年轻读者准备的，但是成年人也会发觉这个网站适合他们。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，故填but。6．考查动词的时态语态。句意：另外一个我每天阅读的网站叫做每日科学。网站名应当是被别人叫，因此应运用被动语态，文章时态是一般现在时，主语为Another