肾脏病英文教学

演讲人：日期：肾脏病英文教学目录BasicconceptsandclassificationofkidneydiseaseIntroductiontoCommonKidneyDiseasesLaboratoryexaminationandauxiliarydiagnostictechniquesforkidneydiseaseTreatmentprinciplesandmethodselectionforkidneydisease目录Managementandrehabilitationguidanceforchronickidneydisease01BasicconceptsandclassificationofkidneydiseaseTheKidneyisabeanshapedorganiclocatedonbothsidesofthespine,consistentofmilesofNephronsthatfilterbloodandremovewasteproductsKidneyStructureThemainfunctionsoftheKidneyincludefilteringblood,excesswasteproductsandprocessfluid,regulatingelectrolytebalance,andproducinghormonesthatregulatebloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionKidneyFunctionIntroductiontoKidneyStructureandFunctionKidneydiseasereferstoanyconditionthatimportsKidneyfunction,leadingtoabuildoffluidandwasteproductsinthebodyDefinitionKidneydiseasecanbecausedbyavarietyoffactors,includingdiabetes,hypertension,glomerulonephritis,polycysticKidneydisease,andobjectiveuropathyEtiologyDefinitionandethicsofkidneydiseaseClassificationKidneydishescanbeclassifiedbasedontheaffectedpartoftheKidney,suchasglobaldishes,tuberousdishes,interactivedishes,andvolatiledishesClinicalManifestationsCommonsymptomsofkidneydiseaseincludingfatigue,nasea,invoicing,lossofappearance,swingingoftheextremes,andchangesinurineoutputandappearanceClassificationandclinicalpresentationsofkidneydiseaseDiagnosticcriteriaDiagnosisofkidneydiseaseisbasedonacombinationofclinicalhistory,physicalexamination,laboratorytests(suchasbloodandurinetests),andimagingstudies(suchasultrasoundorCTscan)PrognosticEvaluationPrognosisdependsonthetypeandseverityofthekidneydisease,aswellasthepatient'soverallhealthstatusandresponsetotreatmentEarlydetectionandtreatmentcanbeofimproveddiagnosisDiagnosticcriteriaanddiagnosticevaluation02IntroductiontoCommonKidneyDiseasesActeglomerulonephritisisaprimaryglomerularneuritischaracterizedbyanacuteneuritissyndromeItisstylishlyacuteinonset,presentingwithhematouria,protonuria,edema,andhypertension,whichmaybeaccommodatedbytransientazotemiaandhasatensiontoresolvecontroversyTheconditionisoftenprioritizedbyastreptococcalinfection,althoughotherinfectionscanalsotriggeritActglomerulonephritis01Chronicglomerulonephritis,alsoknownaschronicNephritis,isaconditionmarketedbyproteinuria,hematouria,hypertension,andedemaasthefundamentalclinicalpresentations02Theonsetofthediseasevariables,andthecourseoftheillnessisprolongedwithslowprogression03Itcanleadtovaryingdegreesofrenaldysfunctionandhasatensiontowardsrenalfunctiontermination,ultimateprogressiontochronicrenalfailureChronicglomerulonephritisNephroticsyndrome(NS)isaclinicalsyndromethatcanbecausedbyvariousetiquettes,characterizedbyincreasedpermeabilityoftheglobalfoundationmembraneThesyndromeiscommonlycausedbydamagetotheglomeruli,whichallowsproteinstoleakintotheurineasthebloodpassesthroughthekidneyThisresultsinmassiveproteinuria,hyperproteinemia,hyperpipedemia,andedemaNephroticsyntaxRenaltuberousinternaldiseasereferstoagroupofkidneydisorderscausedbyvariousreasonsthatprimarilyaffectthetubersandinterrogationofthekidneyThesedisorderscanbeacuteorchronic,andtheecologycanrangefrominfection,druginduced,immediatemediatedtoothersTheconditioncanleadtotublointerstialinflationandfibrosis,resultinginimpairedkidneyfunctionRenaltubulointrinsicdiseaseHereditarykidneydisease,alsoknownasinheritedrenaldisease,referstoagroupofgeneticdisordersthataffectthestructureandfunctionofthekidneyThesediseasesarecausedbymutationsinspecificgenesthatareresponsibleforthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofthechildSomecommonexamplesofhereditarykidneydiseasesincludepolymorphickidneydiseases,Alportsyndrome,andothersTheseconditionsareoftenpresentwithafamilyhistoryofkidneydiseaseandcanprogresstoendstagerenaldiseaseifnotproperlymanagedHereditaryKidneyDisease03LaboratoryexaminationandauxiliarydiagnostictechniquesforkidneydiseaseUrineproteinquantification:Itcanaccuratelydetecttheproteincontentinurine,andisoneoftheimportantindicatorstoevaluatetheconditionanddiagnosisofkidneydiseaseUrineroutingexamination:Itincludesthedetectionofurinarycolor,transparency,pHvalue,specificgravity,protein,sugar,ketonebodies,bilirubin,urobilinogen,redbloodcells,whitebloodcells,etc.,whichcaninitiallyreflecttheconditionofthekidneyandurinarytractUrinemicrobumin:Urinemicrobuminisasensitiveindicatorofearlykidneydamage,specificallyfordiabeticneuropathy,hypertensiveneuropathy,andotherearlykidneydamageUrineexaminationitemsandtheirapplicationvalueBloodbiochemicalindicatorssuchasserumcreativity,ureanitrogenanduricacidcanreflectthefilteringfunctionofthekidney,andareimportantindicatorsforthediagnosisandtreatmentofkidneydiseaseRenalfunctionThekidhasthefunctionofregulatingelectricityandacidbasedbalanceMonitoringrelatedindicatorssuchasserumpotassium,sodium,chloride,calcium,phophorus,andcarbondioxidecanhelpjudgetheconditionandtreatmenteffectofkidneydiseaseElectricityandacidbasedbalanceThesignificanceofmonitoringbloodbiochemicalindicatorsUltrasonographyItisanoninvasiveexaminationmethod,whichcanpreliminarilyadjustthesize,shape,andechogenicityofthekidney,anddetectwheretherearestones,dehydration,cycles,andotherlossesinthekidneyComputedtomography(CT)CThashigherresolutionandcanmoreaccuratelydetectthelessonsofthekidney,specificallyforthediagnosisofrenaltubers,stonesandotherdiseasesMagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)MRIhasbettersofttissueresolutionandcanprovidemoredetailedinformationaboutthekidney,specificallyfortheevaluationofrenalfunctionandthediagnosisofrenalinflammatorydiseasesApplicationofimagingexaminationinthediagnosisofkidneydiseaseRenalbiopsytechnologyRenalbiopsyisanimportantmethodtodiagnosekidneydiseaseItcanbeobservedforpathologicalexamination,soastodeterminethetype,severity,anddiagnosisofkidneydiseaseIndicationsofrenalbiopsyRenalbiopsyismainlysuitableforpatientswithunexplainedkidneydisease,suchasneurologicalsyndrome,neurologicalsyndrome,acutekidneyinjury,etc.ItcanalsobeusedtoevaluatetheeffectoftreatmentandjudgethediagnosisRenalbiopsytechnologyanditsindicationsandcontraindicationsContainmentsofrealbiopsyRenalbiopsyisatraumaticexamination,soitshouldbecarefullyevaluatedbeforetheexaminationContainmentsincludemultiplehypertensions,blendingtension,solventkidney,renalinsufficiency,etc.Inaddition,patientswithmentalillnessorwhocannotcooperatewiththeexaminationarealsonotsuitableforrenalbiopsyRenalbiopsytechnologyanditsindicationsandcontraindications04TreatmentprinciplesandmethodselectionforkidneydiseaseLifestylemodifications01Patientswithkidneydiseaseshouldoptforahealthylifestyle,includingabalanceddiet,regularexercise,smokingtreatment,andmodelinginalcoholconsumptionControlofunderlyingdiseases02Itisessentialtoidentifyandtreatanyunderlyingconditionsthatmaybecausingorcontributingtothekidneydisease,suchasdiabetesorhypertensionSymptomatictreatment03Patientsmayrequiresymptomatictreatmenttorelatedsymptomssuchasfatigue,animia,orbonepainGeneraltreatmentmeasuresPrinciplesforFormulatingandAdjustingDrugTreatmentPlansDrugtreatmentplansshouldberegularlymonitoredandadjustedbasedonthepatient'sresponsetotherapyandanychangesintheirclinicalconditionsRegularmonitoringandadjustmentDrugtreatmentplansshouldbetailedtothespecificneedsofeachpatientbasedontheirclinicalconditions,comorbidities,anddrugtoleranceIndividualizedtreatmentTreatmentdecisionsshouldbebasedonthelatestscientificevidenceandclinicalpracticeguidelinesEvidencebasedmedicineDialysisDiagnosismaybeconsideredwhenkidneyfunctiondependstoacertainlevelThetimingandtypeofdiagnosis(hematologyorpermanentdiagnosis)shouldbedeterminedbasedonthepatient'sconditionandpreferencesTranslationKidneytransplantationmaybeanoptionforsomepatientswithendstageKidneydiseaseThetimingoftransmissiondependsontheavailabilityofasuitabledonorchildandthepatient'soverallhealthstatusSelectionoftimingandmethodsforalternativetreatment(diagnosis,translation)CardiovascularcompositesPatientswithkidneydiseaseareatincreasedriskofcardiovascularcompositessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokePreventivemeasuresincludecontrollingbloodpressureandcholesterollevelsPreventionandmanagementstrategiesforapplicationsAnemiaAnemiaisacommonapplicatio