2025届新教材高考英语全程一轮复习课时作业21Unit12Innovation北师大版选择性必修第四册

UNIT12INNOVATIONⅠ.阅读理解A[2024·泉州市高三质量监测(一)]Peopletodayarenotunfamiliarwithtermssuchas“goingeco­friendly”and“sustainablelifestyle”.However,thereexistsagroupofsceptics(怀疑论者)whobelievethatgoingeco­friendlyismerelyafad(一时的风尚).Idisagreewiththisviewpoint.Goingeco­friendlyisnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople.Thelong­termpresenceofenvironmentalorganisationsshowstheeffortsthatpeoplehavemadetowardsgoingeco­friendly.OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogoeco­friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingeco­friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.Anotherstrongindicatoristheemergenceofsustainableproductsinmanyindustries,suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles.Theconsumerdemand,coupledwitheco­conscious(环保意识的)businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.Thisshowsashiftinthebeliefsandattitudesofpeopletowardsadoptingasustainablelifestyle.Thus,itseemsquitecertainthatgoingeco­friendlyisnotmerelyafad.Whilesomepeoplewhobroadcasttheireco­friendlypracticesarecriticisedforjusthopingtoprojectaneco­consciousimage,thereareanumberofcelebritieswhohavebeenpractisingthezero­wastelifestyleforyears.Forthosewhodosoforyears,andnotmeredaysormonths,itisindeedacommitmentthatcanonlycomewithatruechangeinbeliefsandattitudestowardscaringfortheearth.Thecalltosavetheearthlookssettostay.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen,peoplearemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdifferentenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.Itishopedthattheseeffortswillgoalongwayinensuringthatourplanetwillremainasuitableplacetolivein.1．WhydoestheauthormentionWorldWildlifeFund?A．Toappreciateitsenvironmentalefforts.B．Toencouragepeopletogoeco­friendly.C．Toevidencetheuniversalrecognitionofgoinggreen.D.Tohighlightthedifficultyinchangingpeople'sattitudes.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emergence”meaninParagraph3?A．Suddendisappearance.B．Sharpincrease.C．Gradualdevelopment.D．Limitedapplication.3．Whatdoestheauthorexpectoftechnologydevelopment?A.Itmaydiscouragepeoplefromsustainablelifestyle.B.Itmayboostthebusinessoforganicproduce.C．Itwillbeusedtoprojectalleco­consciousimage.D．Itwillpromoteenvironmentalawareness.4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Toprovegoingeco­friendlyisalastingtrend.B．Topopularizetheeco­friendlyproducts.C．Toofferstrategiestogoeco­friendly.D．Toadvertiseforeco­friendlyplatforms.B[2024·南昌市高三摸底测试卷]Whenyouwalkonasandybeach,ittakesmoreenergythanwalkingdownasidewalk—becausetheweightofyourbodypushesintothesand.Itturnsoutthatthesamethingistrueforvehiclesdrivingonroads.“Theweightofthevehiclescreatesaveryshallowindentation(凹痕)inthepavement—likeit'scontinuouslydrivingupaveryshallowhill，”saidJeremyGregory,ascientistatMIT.Hemodeledwithhisteammateshowmuchenergycouldbesavedandhowmuchgreenhousegasescouldbeavoidedbysimplyhardeningthenation'sroadsandhighways.Andtheyfoundthathardening10percentofthenation'sroadseveryyearcouldpreventtheemission(排放)equalto440megatonsofcarbondioxideoverthenext5decades—thatamountisequaltohowmuchCO2you'dsparetheplanetbykeepingabillionbarrelsofoilinthegroundorbygrowing7billiontreesforadecade.Itreduces0.5%ofprojectedtransportationemissionsoverthattimeperiod.Asforhowtohardenroads,Gregorysaysyoucouldcombinesmallamountsofcertainfibrewithhightechnologyintopavingmaterials.Oryoucouldpavetheroadswithspecially­madeconcrete,whichisharderthanordinaryconstructionmaterials.Thissystemcouldalsobeawaytoshavecarbonemissionswithoutsomeoftheusualbarriers.“Usually,whenitcomestoreducingemissionsinthetransportationsector,you'retalkingaboutchangingpoliciesrelatedtovehiclesandalsodriverbehavior,whichinvolves(牵涉)millionsandmillionsofpeople—asopposedtochangingthewaywedesignandpreserveourpavements.That'sjustontheorderofthousandsofpeoplewhoareworkingintransportationagencies.”Andwhenitcomestoimprovingourstreetsandhighways—thoseagenciesarewhereyoumightsaytherubbermeetstheroad.5．HowdoestheauthordevelopParagraph3?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bymakingclassification.C．Bylistingfigures.D．Byanalyzingcauses.6．WhatdoesGregorysuggestforhardeningroads?A．Mixingfibrewithspecialconcrete.B．Changingregularpavingmaterials.C．Creatinghi­techcomputermodels.D．Usingordinarybuildingmaterials.7．Whatisanadvantageoftheroad­hardeningsystem?A．Itreducesconstructioncosts.B．Itprofitstransportationagencies.C．Itregulatesdriverbehavior.D．Itavoidsinvolvingtoomanypeople.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WalkingDownBeachesorSidewalksB．HardeningRoadsHelpsSaveEnergyC．HowtoCutDownCarbonEmissionsD．ASystemofHardeningRoadsⅡ.完形填空[2024·广东七校第一次联考试卷]WhenlivinginLosAngeles,IwalkedmydogeverySundaymorningaroundalakenearmyhouse.Weekafterweek,Isawthesameelderlywomansittingattheedgeofthe__1__withasmallmetalcagenexttoher.My__2__finallygotthebestofmeandI__3__thewomanoneday.Inoticedthatitwas__4__asmalltrapandthatshehadthreesmallturtlesinit.Inherlap,therewasafourthturtlethatshewascarefully__5__downwithasponge.Igreetedherandaskedwhatshedidwiththeseturtleseveryweek.Smiling,sheexplainedthatshewascleaningtheirshellsbecauseanyseaweedthat__6__onaturtle'sshellreducesits__7__toabsorbheatandslowsdowntheirswimming.Iwas__8__asthewomancontinued，“IdothiseverySundaymorning,orlife­threatening__9__mightappear.”“Butdon'tmostturtleslivetheir__10__liveswithseaweedontheirshells？”Iasked.Thewomanagreedthatwasthe__11__.Ireplied，“Wellthen,youare__12__todothis,butmostturtlesdon'thavepeoplearoundtohelpthemwiththis.”Thewomanlaughedasshelooked__13__downatthesmallturtle.“Youngman,totheworldImaybeoneperson,buttothislittleturtleIamtheworld.”Indeed,thoughyoumaynotbeabletochangetheworldor__14__everyone,youcanstillmakeabig__15__inoneperson'slife.Neverchoosenottodoanythingjustbecauseyoucan'tdoeverything.1．A.fieldB．courtC．waterD．cliff2．A.pityB．anxietyC．curiosityD．responsibility3．A.inspiredB．assistedC．contactedD．approached4．A.naturallyB．normallyC．originallyD．actually5．A.wipingB．turningC．breakingD．pressing6．A.buildsupB．bringsupC．setsoutD．handsout7．A.riskB．costC．burdenD．ability8．A.relievedB．impressedC．embarrassedD．disappointed9．A.typesB．placesC．conditionsD．movements10．A.earlyB．entireC．energeticD．extraordinary11．A.magicB．realityC．purposeD．experience12．A.policeB．clumsyC．considerateD．ridiculous13．A.gentlyB．proudlyC．nervouslyD．strangely14．A.knowB．loveC．ownD．help15．A.dealB．differenceC．fortuneD．decisionⅢ.应用文写作[2024·济南市学情诊断考试]假定你是李华，上周日你校组织学生进行了“垃圾分类”宣讲活动，请给学校英文网站写一篇报道，内容包括：1．参与人员；2．活动内容；3．活动反响。留意：词数应为80左右。Garbageclassificationstartsfromourselves________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课时作业(二十一)Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：争论文主题语境：人与自然——环境爱护——环保将是一种趋势【语篇解读】环保不仅仅是一时的风尚，事实上，它正变更人们的观念，因而将是一个许久的趋势。环保组织的长期存在、可持续性产品的出现、消费者对可持续性产品的需求、具有环保意识的企业增多和名人的长期践行，这些足以证明人们对环保的观点和看法的变更。1．答案与解析：C考查理解目的的实力。依据其次段首句可知，环保组织的长期存在表明白人们为环保所做的努力，接着举例说明世界自然基金会提倡人们环保。由此可知，作者提到世界自然基金会是为了举例证明推行环保得到了普遍认可。故C项正确。2．答案与解析：B考查理解词汇的实力。依据语境可知，第三段其次句中的suchproducts是指画线词后的sustainableproducts。由此可推知，画线词与“sharpincrease”意思相近。故B项正确。3．答案与解析：D考查理解详细信息的实力。题干问作者对科技发展抱有什么期盼。依据最终一段中的“随着科技发展和很多提倡绿色环保平台的出现，人们在了解和观赏不同的环保组织和个人的工作所产生的主动影响时，更情愿变更自己的信仰和看法”可知，作者期望科技发展会提高环保意识。故D项正确。4．答案与解析：A考查理解目的的实力。综合全文，尤其是其次段尾句和第三段尾句可知，作者写此文的目的是为了证明提倡绿色环保不仅仅是一时的风尚，而是一种许久的趋势。故A项正确。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——探讨发觉——硬化路面可削减温室气体排放【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家JeremyGregory和他的团队利用“在不够坚硬的路面上行驶会消耗更多的能量”这一规律，发觉通过简洁地硬化路面就可以削减温室气体的排放。5．答案与解析：C考查推断的实力。通过第三段中所列举的一些数字可知，本段是采纳列数字的写作手法绽开的。故C项正确。6．答案与解析：B考查理解详细信息的实力。依据第四段中的“youcouldpave...ordinaryconstructionmaterials”可知，他建议用比一般的建筑材料更硬的特制的混凝土铺路，即变更一般的铺路材料。故B项正确。[干扰项分析]本题考生易错选A项。考生依据第四段中的“combinesmallamounts...ordinaryconstructionmaterials”会认为他建议把纤维和特制的混凝土结合。但是，原文中有个Or，即他提出了两种铺路方法：一种是纤维和高科技结合；一种是用更硬的特制的混凝土。而不是把两者结合。7．答案与解析：D考查推断的实力。依据最终一段中的“Usually,whenitcomesto...preserveourpavements.”可知，当人们谈到削减尾气排放时，其实是在谈论变更与交通工具相关的政策和司机行为，这牵涉很多人；而变更道路的设计和维护却恰恰相反，即硬化道路这一方法不会牵涉太多人。故D项正确。8．答案与解析：B考查理解文章主旨要义的实力。本文主要讲解并描述科学家发觉了“在不够坚硬的路面上行驶会消耗更多的能量”这一规律，并通过模拟实践证明硬化路面可以节约能量，削减温室气体的排放。故B项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空语篇类型：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与自然——关爱动物——帮海龟刷去壳上的海草【语篇解读】作者每周日早上去湖边遛狗的时候都会看到一位老太太，她身边还放了一个小金属笼，作者耐不住新奇心，确定一探原委。原来老太太每天都在湖边用海绵帮海龟刷去身上的海草，以便海龟能够很好地汲取热量和正常游泳。尽管我们无法变更世界或帮到每一个人，但是我们小小的善举仍能给世界和他人带去很大的影响。考点分布：名词6个，动词(短语)4个，形容词3个，副词2个。1．答案与解析：C考查语境推断。依据上文中的“Iwalked...aroundalake”可知，作者每天在湖边都能看到一位老太太。2．答案与解析：C考查语境推断。依据语境可知，由于耐不住新奇心，作者最终走近那位老太太去一探原委。getthebestof“获胜；赛过；占上风”。3．答案与解析：D考查语境推断。参见上题解析。4．答案与解析：D考查语境推断。依据语境可知，作者走近一看发觉金属笼子事实上是一个捕获器。5．答案与解析：A考查语境推断。依据下文中的“shewascleaningtheirshells”可知，老太太正在拿海绵擦拭龟壳。6．答案与解析：A考查逻辑推断。依据语境“seaweedthat__6__onaturtle'sshell”和常识可知，海草会积累在海龟壳上。buildup“增多”；bringup“哺育”；setout“动身”；handout“分发”。7．答案与解析：D考查语境和常识推断。依据语境和常识可知，龟壳上沾满海草会影响海龟汲