新教材2025版高中英语语法精讲4动词-ed形式作定语状语和宾语补足语学案牛津译林版必修第三册

语法精讲④动词­ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语1．动词­ed形式作定语(1)及物动词的­ed形式作定语：被修饰词与动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示动作已经完成，或只有被动意义。Tomdranksomeboiledwaterandhurriedtoschool.汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆忙忙忙朝学校赶去。(表示被动和完成)Heisateacherrespectedbyallthestudents.他是一位受全部学生敬重的老师。(只表示被动)(2)不及物动词的­ed形式作定语：不及物动词没有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表示被动；且只作前置定语。WhenIwokeupthenextmorning.Ifoundthegroundwascoveredwithfallenleaves.当我其次天早上醒来时，发觉地上全是落叶。(只表示完成)(3)动词­ed形式作定语的位置①单个的动词­ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但left只作后置定语。Thebrokenvasehasbeenthrownoutside.那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。Thebooksleftareformystudents.剩下的书是给我的学生的。②动词­ed形式短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于—个定语从句。我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。IborrowedabookwrittenbyMarkTwainfromthelibrary.＝Iborrowedabookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyMarkTwainfromthelibrary.[特殊提示]单个的动词­ed形式修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等复合不定代词或those等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。►Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。►Isthereanythingunfinished？还有什么没有完成的吗？即学即练单句语法填空①TodayItriedcookingasimpledishmyself.Ilikeeating________(fry)tomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.②Thebeautifullongbranches________(cover)withpink­coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.③Mostcollegesnowofferfirst­yearstudentsacoursespecially________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.④EarthDay,________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.2．动词­ed形式作状语(1)过去分词作状语的语法意义动词­ed形式作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；一般状况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。构成动词­ed形式的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动动作的完成。Builtthirtyyearsago,thehouselooksverybeautiful.这座房子是30年前建立的，它看起来很美丽。Encouragedbywhattheteachersaid，thestudentdecidedtoworkevenharder.在老师的话的激励下，那名学生确定更加努力地学习。(2)动词­ed形式作状语的句法功能①动词­ed形式作状语可以表示时间、缘由、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。可以扩展为相应的状语从句或者并列句。可以置于句首、句中或句末，一般要用逗号同其他成分隔开。功能用法及例句时间状语通常放在句首，可转换为when,while,after等引导的时间状语从句。Discussedmanytimes(＝Aftertheywerediscussedmanytimes),theproblemsweresettledatlast.多次探讨后，这些问题最终解决了。Lostinthemountainsforaweek(＝Aftertheywerelostinthemountainsforaweek),thetwostudentswerefinallyrescuedbythelocalpolice.在山区迷路一个星期后，这两名学生最终被当地警方救了出来。缘由状语一般置于句首，相当于as,since,because等引导的缘由状语从句。Deeplymovedbythestory(＝Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory)，thechildrenbegantocry.由于被这个故事深深地感动，孩子们起先哭了起来。Attractedbythebeautyofnature(＝Asshewasattractedbythebeautyofnature),thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.由于被大自然的美所吸引，这个来自伦敦的女孩确定在这个农场再待两天。条件状语通常放在句首，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。Oncepublished(＝Onceitispublished),thedictionarywillbeverypopular.一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。Givenanotherchance(＝Ifheisgivenanotherchance)，hewilldobetter.假如再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。让步状语一般放在句首，有时也放在句末，可转换为although,though或evenif等引导的让步状语从句。Laughedatbymanypeople(＝Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople),hestillcontinuedhisstudy.尽管被很多人讪笑，他还是接着他的探讨。Defeatedbyhisopponent(＝Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent),henevergaveupanyhope.他尽管被对手击败了，但是从没放弃任何希望。伴随状语、方式状语作伴随状语或方式状语的动词­ed形式没有对应的状语从句，但可转化为并列分句。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom，supportedbyhisson.(＝Theoldmanwalkedintotheroomandhewassupportedbyhisson.)这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。Theladyreturnedhome，followedbyHolmes.(＝TheladyreturnedhomeandshewasfollowedbyHolmes.)这位女士回家了，福尔摩斯跟在她后面。②动词­ed形式作状语时，可依据须要在其前面加上while,when,before,after,since,until,once,though,although,unless,asif,asthough,evenif,eventhough等词或短语。Unlessconstantlyrepeated,theEnglishwordsareeasilyforgotten.这些英语单词很简单被遗忘，除非不断重复(记忆)。Whenaskedwhyshecamehere，thegirlkeptsilent.当有人问她为什么来这里时，那个女孩保持缄默。即学即练单句语法填空①________(publish)in1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.②Technologicalinnovations,________(combine)withgoodmarketing，willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.③________(complete)in1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.④Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,________(surround)byhisfamily.3．动词­ed形式作宾语补足语(1)构成动词­ed形式的动词与宾语之间的关系①及物动词的­ed形式用作宾语补足语时，宾语是构成动词­ed形式的动词的逻辑宾语，宾语和构成动词­ed形式的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Iwanttheletterposted.我想把这封信寄出去。②少数不及物动词如go,fall等的动词­ed形式作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作已完成。因此，宾语与构成动词­ed形式的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Shefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.她在回家的路上发觉她的项链不见了。③动词seat,hide,dress等的动词­ed形式作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirlseatedinthecorner.我进来时发觉一个生疏的女孩坐在角落里。(2)动词­ed形式作宾语补足语的状况①用在动词keep,leave等的后面作宾语补足语表示状态。Don'tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.不要让窗户始终像这样破着。②用在使役动词have,get,make等的后面作宾语补足语。Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今日早上给墙刷了漆。Alexandertriedtogethisworkrecognizedinthemedicalcircles.亚历山大试图使他的工作得到医学界的认可。Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高了嗓门以便被听到。③用在感官(短语)动词watch，notice，see，hear，listento，feel等的后面作宾语补足语。Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.当我们到学校时，我们望见门锁着。Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyrain.我们可以听到大雨拍打窗户的声音。即学即练单句语法填空①Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.②Thisactoroftenhasthefirsttwotricks________(plan)beforeperforming,andthengoesforwhatever.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem________(call)caffeinism.2．When________(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.3．________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.4．Ordinarysoap,________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.5．Clearlyandthoughtfully________(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.6．Peoplereadnewspapersandmagazinestokeepthemselves________(inform)ofwhatisgoingonintheworldoutside.7．Hewasquiteexcitedatthenews________(announce)byhisclassteacher.8．Lifeisajourney________(fill)withhardships,joysandspecialmoments.9．We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,________(surround)bypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.10．Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________(leave)inthewronghands.11．Inartcriticism,youmustimaginethattheartisthasasecretmessage________(hide)withinthework.12．Thestudentsspentthewholeafternoonclearingthe________(fall)leavesaway.Ⅱ.结合动词­ed形式的用法改写下列句子1．WhenIgotintotheoffice,IfoundthatMrGreenwasburiedinhisworkwithoutnoticingmyarrival.→WhenIgotintotheoffice,________________________withoutnoticingmyarrival.2．Whenhewasaskedabouthisaddress,theboydidn'trespond.______________________________，theboydidn'trespond.3．Thisfilm,whichisintendedforkidsunder13,isonatthelocalcinemathesedays.→Thisfilm,________________________，isonatthelocalcinemathesedays.4．Thewitnesseswhowerequestionedbythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.→Thewitnesses____________________________gaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefigh