新教材适用2025版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解专题模拟训练新闻报道类

新闻报道类A(2024·安徽省淮南市高三一模)Theworld'stopclimatescientistsoftheIPCChavejustreleasedalandmarkreport,warningaboutthefutureoftheplanet．Theheadline—burningfossilfuelsisalreadyheatinguptheplanetfasterthananythingtheworldhasseenin2,000years．TheIPCCisaU．N．bodyof195memberstatesthatassessesthesciencerelatedtotheclimatecrisisonbehalfofgovernmentseveryfewyears．Thisisthegroupthatdefinesthescientificconsensus．Hundredsofscientistsworkonaseriesofreports,whichtakeyearstoproduce．Governmentshavetosignoffonthem．AndthisoneisjustthelatestbigreassessmentoftheclimatethattheIPCChasdone,butit'sthefirstonethatisdoneineightyears．Italsohastheclearest,mostconfidentconclusionsthathaveeverbeenseeninanIPCCreport．Accordingtothereport,thegreenhousegasesthatwehavealreadyputintotheairhavewarmeduptheplanetsofarbyalmost2°Fcomparedtothepre-industrialtimes．Thiswarmingtrendappearstobeacceleratingasthegreenhousegasesaccumulateintheatmosphere．Andifwekeepburningfossilfuels,by2100—sowithinthelifetimeofachildthat'sborntoday—theplanetcouldbe5to7°Fhotter．Andonenewthinginthisreportisthatittriestoputnumbersonwhatthatmeans．So,forinstance,theysayheatwavessoextremeusedtoonlyhappenonceevery50years．Nowthey'rehappeningalmostfivetimesmoreoften．Extremedroughtscoulddoubleorfourtimesinfrequency．Insomecases,extremestormscouldbecomethreetimesmorefrequentanddrop30%morerainfallinaday．ThescientistssaypreventingtheworsteffectswilldemandaU-turnawayfromuseoffossilfuels．Anditdependsonuscollectively．Ifeverycountry,everybusinessshiftsawayfromburninggas,coalandoiloverthenext30yearsorso,wecouldprobablylimitthiswarmingtrendtoatotaloflessthan3．5°F．1．What'stheauthor'sprobablepurposeofintroducingtheIPCCinParagraph2？A．Tomakeitsworkbetterknown．B．Torespectthescientists'commitment．C．Tomakethereportmoreconvincing．D．Toappreciateitsgreatachievements．2．Whatdoyouthinkofthecurrentwarmingaccordingtothereport？A．Itresultsfromextremeweather．B．Itisrunningoutoffossilfuels．C．Itisbadlyspeedingup．D．Thereisnowaytoslowitdown．3．Howdothescientistssupporttheirconclusioninthereport？A．Bydefiningscientificconsensus．B．Byusingstatisticsandinference．C．Byquotingauthorityfigures．D．Bymodelingclimatechange．4．Whatdothescientistsexpectpeopletodo？A．Makejointeffortstostoptheuseoffossilfuels．B．Takepositiveattitudestoourplanet'sfuture．C．Followtheglobalwarmingtrendcollectively．D．Developnewapproachestousingfossilfuels．【语篇解读】本文为一篇新闻报道。IPCC的气候科学家们的报告指出，燃烧的化石燃料正在急剧加速地球变暖的速度，科学家们对人们发出了警告，提出了建议：为了防止最坏的影响，人类应彻底放弃运用化石燃料。1．C写作意图题。依据其次段“TheIPCCisaU．N．bodyof195memberstatesthatassessesthesciencerelatedtotheclimatecrisisonbehalfofgovernmentseveryfewyears．Thisisthegroupthatdefinesthescientificconsensus．Hundredsofscientistsworkonaseriesofreports,whichtakeyearstoproduce．Governmentshavetosignoffonthem．AndthisoneisjustthelatestbigreassessmentoftheclimatethattheIPCChasdone,butit'sthefirstonethatisdoneineightyears．Italsohastheclearest,mostconfidentconclusionsthathaveeverbeenseeninanIPCCreport．(IPCC是一个由195个成员国组成的联合国机构，每隔几年头表各国政府评估与气候危机有关的科学，这是定义科学共识的小组。数百名科学家致力于一系列报告，这些报告须要数年时间才能完成。政府必需在这些报告上签字同意。而这个报告，只是IPCC最近一次对气候的大规模重新评估，但这是八年来的第一次。它也有IPCC报告中所见过的最清楚、最自信的结论。)”可知，其次段中介绍了IPCC的性质、功能、报告批准流程，目的是为了增加本文中的这篇气候方面的评估结果的劝服力：这篇报道同其他的IPCC的报告一样，曾经有数百科学家耗时多年，之后才有政府签字同意。故选C。2．C细微环节理解题。依据第三段“Thiswarmingtrendappearstobeacceleratingasthegreenhousegasesaccumulateintheatmosphere．(随着温室气体在大气中积聚，这种变暖趋势好像正在加速。)”可知，目前的气候变暖趋势因为温室气体而正在加速。故选C。3．B推理推断题。依据第四段“Andonenewthinginthisreportisthatittriestoputnumbersonwhatthatmeans．So,forinstance,theysayheatwavessoextremeusedtoonlyhappenonceevery50years．Nowthey'rehappeningalmostfivetimesmoreoften．Extremedroughtscoulddoubleorfourtimesinfrequency．Insomecases,extremestormscouldbecomethreetimesmorefrequentanddrop30%morerainfallinaday．(这份报告的一个新内容是，它试图用数字来说明这意味着什么。例如，他们说如此极端的热浪过去每50年才发生一次。现在它们发生的频率几乎是以前的五倍。极端干旱的频率可能会增加一倍或四倍。在某些状况下，极端风暴的频率可能会增加三倍，一天的降雨量会增加30%。)”可知，此处以酷暑、极端干旱和极端风暴的三组数据为例，科学家们借助于统计和推理手法来说明这份报告中的结论。故选B。4．A细微环节理解题。依据最终一段“ThescientistssaypreventingtheworsteffectswilldemandaU-turnawayfromuseoffossilfuels．Anditdependsonuscollectively．(科学家们表示，为了防止最坏的影响，须要彻底放弃运用化石燃料。这取决于我们全部人。)”可知，科学家们希望人们共同努力，彻底放弃运用化石燃料。故选A。B(2024·四川省成都市中学毕业班二模)In2007ateamledbyStefanRahmstorfcomparedactualobservationswithpredictionsmadebytheoreticalmodelsforthreekeyclimateindicators:carbondioxide,globaltemperatureandsea-levelrise．WhilethepredictionsgotCO2levelsright,theywerelowforrealtemperatureandsea-levelrise．Climatescientistshaveasurprisinghabit:Theyoftenunderestimatetheclimatethreat．Thearticlesreportingtheunderestimateshavebeenwidelycited,soonemightthinkthatscientistshavetakencorrectivesteps．ButrecentstudiesofArcticwarmingsuggestthattheproblemmaynothavegoneaway．Aspolaricemeltsbecauseofglobalwarming,theArcticOceanabsorbsmoreheat,whichcausestheArctictowarmevenmore．Itshouldsurprisenoonethattheareaiswarmingfast．Yetscientistshavebeencaughtoff-guardbyjusthowfasttheregionisheatingup．In2013,apaperwaspublishedpointingoutthattheseunderestimatesrepresentsubconsciousbias(偏向)causedbydefensiveness．Scientiststendedtowardlowerandmisleadingpredictionbecausetheydidnotwanttobeaccusedofmakingdramaticandoverstressedclaims．Evennowscientistscontinuetobeaccusedofoverestimatingclimaterisksbyworryingfigureswhichgetmuchmediaattention,thusbiasingtheirmodelstobeunrealisticallyconservative．IfscientistshaveunderestimatedArcticwarming,theyhavelikelyminimizedamountsofpermafrost(永久冻土)meltingandmethane(甲烷)releaseaswell．Andthatcouldbetrulydirebecausethepermafrostholdsabout1．5billiontonsoforganiccarbon,twiceasmuchasnowintheatmosphere．Werethatcarbontoberapidlyreleased,itcouldcauseapicture:arunawaygreenhouseeffect．Whateverthecause,it'stimethatscientistslookedseriouslyatwhethertheirmeasuringmodelscontinuetounderestimatecriticalaspectsoftheclimateproblem．Lowestimatescancreatethefalseimpressionthatwehavemoretimetofixtheproblemthanweactuallydo．5．WhyisRahmstorf'sresearchinParagraph1mentioned？A．Tohighlighttheurgencyinglobalwarming．B．Toshowtheinaccuracyofclimatepredictions．C．Tostatetheimportanceofprecisemeasurement．D．Toexpressthedifficultyinmakingrightpolicies．6．Whydoclimatescientistsalwaysunderestimateclimatethreats？A．Theyaremisledbythestatistics．B．Theirreportshavebeenwidelycited．C．Theywanttoavoidblameforcausinganxiety．D．Theyaimtodefendthemselvesfromfakeinformation．7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dire”inParagraph4probablymean？A．Disastrous． B．Confusing．C．Impressive． D．Discouraging．8．What'sthebesttitleofthistext？A．TheArcticOceanIsCallingforHelpB．ClimateScientistsAreUnderFireC．TheWarmingPaceIsUnderestimatedD．ClimatePredictionsProveCorrect【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了探讨表明，全球变暖的速度被低估了，而这会给人类带来可怕的后果。5．B推理推断题。依据第一段“In2007ateamledbyStefanRahmstorfcomparedactualobservationswithpredictionsmadebytheoreticalmodelsforthreekeyclimateindicators:carbondioxide,globaltemperatureandsea-levelrise．WhilethepredictionsgotCO2levelsright,theywerelowforrealtemperatureandsea-levelrise．(2007年，StefanRahmstorf领导的一个探讨小组对三个关键气候指标(二氧化碳、全球温度和海平面上升)的实际观测结果与理论模型的预料结果进行了比较。虽然预料的二氧化碳水平是正确的，但与实际温度和海平面上升相比，这些预料都很低。)”可知，第一段提到Rahmstorf的探讨结果是为了表明气候学家对于气候预料的不精准。故选B。6．C推理推断题。依据第三段“Scientiststendedtowardlowerandmisleadingpredictionbecausetheydidnotwanttobeaccusedofmakingdramaticandoverstressedclaims．(科学家倾向于做出更低的、误导性的预料，因为他们不想被指责做出夸张的、过度强调的断言。)”可知，科学家们低估气候威逼是为了不想被指责造成了恐慌。故选C。7．A词句揣测题。依据“becausethepermafrostholdsabout1．5billiontonsoforganiccarbon,twiceasmuchasnowintheatmosphere(因为永久冻土含有大约15亿吨有机碳，是现在大气中有机碳含量的两倍)”可知，假如放任这种状况的发展，导致北极冻土溶化和甲烷的释放，后果是恐怖的。故选A。8．C标题归纳题。依据第一段“In2007ateamledbyStefanRahmstorfcomparedactualobservationswithpredictionsmadebytheoreticalmodelsforthreekeyclimateindicators:carbondioxide,globaltemperatureandsea-levelrise．WhilethepredictionsgotCO2levelsright,theywerelowforrealtemperatureandsea-levelrise．(2007年，StefanRahmstorf领导的一个探讨小组对三个关键气候指标(二氧化碳、全球温度和海平面上升)的实际观测结果与理论模型的预料结果进行了比较。虽然预料的二氧化碳水平是正确的，但与实际温度和海平面上升相比，这些预料都很低。)”以及其次段“Aspolaricemeltsbecauseofglobalwarming,theArcticOceanabsorbsmoreheat,whichcausestheArctictowarmevenmore．Itshouldsurprisenoonethattheareaiswarmingfast．Yetscientistshavebeencaughtoff-guardbyjusthowfasttheregionisheatingup．(由于全球变暖，极地冰溶化，北冰洋汲取了更多的热量，这导致北极更加暖和。该地区正在快速变暖，这应当不足为奇。然而，科学家们对该地区升温的速度感到措手不及。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲解并描述的是全球变暖速度被低估了。故选C。C(2024·辽宁省沈阳市高三一模)AfewdaysbeforeChristmas1944,PatriciaKruegerreceivedatelegramfromtheU．S．Army．Shehopeditwouldcontainabelatedbirthdaygreetingfromherhusband,anarmyflightengineer,CharlesKrueger,whomshehadnotheardfromfor2weeks．Instead,themessagesaidhewasn'tcominghome:HisB-29hadbeenlostoverMukdenandhewaslaterdeclaredMIA(missinginaction)．Theirson,JohnKruegerofMiddleton,Wisconsin,now78,stilltearsupwhenherecountsthisstory．Decadeslater,themilitarycontinuestoworktobringbacktheremainsofsoldierslikeCharlesKrueger．ThejoboffindingthemfallstoDPAA(DefensePOW/MIAAccountingAgency),createdin2015aftercriticschargedthatthepreviousMIAsearchprocesswasslow,andbehindoninnovationsinscienceandtechnology．Between1973and2014,theremainsofonly1849missingservicememberswerereturnedtotheirfamilies;in2024,theagencyaccountedfortheremainsof141MIAs,accordingtoDPAAfigures．Toacceleratethework,CongressgaveDPAAtheauthoritytodeveloppublic-privatepartnershipswithscientistsandgroupsoutsidegovernment．“Teamingupwithacademicscientistsintroducesnewwaysofthinking，”saysmilitaryhistorianMichaelDolski．“Workingwithpartnersallowsustotapintotheirtechnologiesandcapabilitiesinwaysthatwejustcan'tmaintain．”Forscientists,theworkismorethantechnicallysatisfying．“It'sthemostrewardingaspectofmycareer，”saysMires,ascientistworkingwiththeagency．“InotherarchaeologysitesI'veworkedon,thehistoryisremote，”hesays．“Here,you'researchingsomethingnotforathing,butforaperson,andallthepeopletheytouched．”9．WhatwasthetelegramaboutinParagraph1？A．AChristmasdinner．B．CharlesKrueger'sloss．C．Abirthdaygreeting．D．JohnKrueger'smemory．10．WhydidpeoplecriticizethepreviousMIAsearchprocess？A．BecauseDPAAwantstocontinuethesearch．B．Becauseittooklongandlackedcreativeness．C．Becausetheworkwasstoppedbythemilitary．D．Because141MIAs'remainswasfoundin2024．11．WhatisMichaelDolski'sattitudetothecooperationwithscientistsandgroups？A．Patient． B．Critical．C．Doubtful． D．Approving．12．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext？A．AlongsearchforMIAsB．AchievementsofDPAAC．AssistancefromscienceD．Consequencesofwars【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了对在战斗中失踪人员搜寻的努力。9．B细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Instead,themessagesaidhewasn'tcominghome:HisB-29hadbeenlostoverMukdenandhewaslaterdeclaredMIA(missinginaction)．(相反，这条消息说他不会回家了：他的B-29在Mukden上空失踪了，后来他被宣布为MIA。)”可知，电报是关于CharlesKrueger的失踪。故选B。10．B细微环节理解题。依据其次段“ThejoboffindingthemfallstoD