《信息科学类专业英语》课件第17章

Lesson17WearableComputingFAQ

(第十七课可穿戴计算机)

Vocabulary(词汇)ImportantSentences(重点句)QuestionsandAnswers(问答)Problems(问题)ReadingMaterial(阅读材料)

1Introduction

Wearablecomputersarecomputersthatarewornonthebody.Thistypeofwearabletechnologyhasbeenusedinbehavioralmodeling,healthmonitoringsystems,informationtechnologiesandmediadevelopment.Wearablecomputersareespeciallyusefulforapplicationsthatrequirecomputationalsupportwhiletheuser’shands,voice,eyes,armsorattentionareactivelyengagedwiththephysicalenvironment.“Wearablecomputing”isanactivetopicofresearch,withareasofstudyincludinguserinterfacedesign,augmentedreality,patternrecognition,useofwearablesforspecificapplicationsordisabilities,electronictextilesandfashiondesign.Manyissuesarecommontothewearables,mobilecomputing,Pervasivecomputing,Ambientintelligenceandubiquitouscomputingresearchcommunities,includingpowermanagementandheatdissipation,softwarearchitectures,wirelessandpersonalareanetworks.

Oneofthemainfeaturesofawearablecomputerisconsistency.Thereisaconstantinteractionbetweenthecomputeranduser,ie.thereisnoneedtoturnthedeviceonoroff.Anotherfeatureistheabilitytomulti-task.Itisnotnecessarytostopwhatyouaredoingtousethedevice;itisaugmentedintoallotheractions.Thesedevicescanbeincorporatedbytheusertoactlikeaprosthetic.Itcanthereforebeanextensionoftheuser’smindand/orbody.

WhilethisFAQpresentsaveryMIT-centeredviewofwearablecomputing,ithopestoactasanintroductionintothefield.Moreinformationandpointerstoothersimilarprojectscanbefoundonthewebpage.

/wearables/index.html.2WearableComputingOverview

2.1What’saWearableComputerAnyway?

Thefuzzydefinitionofawearablecomputeristhatit’sacomputerthatisalwayswithyou,iscomfortableandeasytokeepanduse,andisasunobtrusiveasclothing.However,this“smartclothing”definitionisunsatisfactorywhenpushedinthedetails.Amorespecificdefinitionisthatwearablecomputershavemanyofthefollowingcharacteristics:

Portablewhileoperational:Themostdistinguishingfeatureofawearableisthatitcanbeusedwhilewalkingorotherwisemovingaround.Thisdistinguisheswearablesfrombothdesktopandlaptopcomputers.

Hands-freeuse:Militaryandindustrialapplicationsforwearablesespeciallyemphasizetheirhands-freeaspect,andconcentrateonspeechinputandheads-updisplayorvoiceoutput.[1]Otherwearablesmightalsousechordingkeyboards,dials,andjoystickstominimizethetyingupofauser’shands.

Sensors:Inadditiontouser-inputs,awearableshouldhavesensorsforthephysicalenvironment.Suchsensorsmightincludewirelesscommunications,GPS,cameras,ormicrophones.

 “Attention-getting”:Awearableshouldbeabletoconveyinformationtoitsuserevenwhennotactivelybeingused.Forexample,ifyourcomputerwantstoletyouknowyouhavenewemailandwhoit’sfrom,itshouldbeabletocommunicatethisinformationtoyouimmediately.[2]

Alwayson:Bydefaultawearableisalwaysonandworking,sensing,andacting.Thisisopposedtothenormaluseofpen-based“PersonalDigitalAssistants”,whichnormallysitinone’spocketandareonlywokenupwhenataskneedstobedone.[BradRhodes]

2.2Whywouldyouusesomethinglikethat?

Manyofthedefiningfeaturesofwearablesaretherationalbehindwantingtowearthemfulltime:TheHMDallowsyoutolookatthescreenandalsoatsomethingintherealworld.Thisallowsyoutotakenoteswhilelookingattheprofessor,ratherthanconstantlyglancingbackandforthbetweenpaperandblackboard.Youcanbereadingemailandstillbeabletowalkdownthestreetwithoutrunningintopeople.Havingthewearablewithyouisequivalenttocarryinganentirereferencelibrarywithinstantaccess.Webster’sdictionaryandthesaurusarealwaysusefultohave,aswellasmapsandphonebooks.Withthejumpto5gigdrives,itwouldbetrivialtoputCompton’sencyclopediaontothewearableandhavereal-timeaccesstoatremendouswealthofinformation.[3]Allthenotesyouevertake-fromtrips,classes,businessmeetings—arealwayswithyou.Withafastsearchengine,youcanpullupneededinformationinseconds,ratherthanflippingthroughdustynotebooksstoredinyourattic.Youwillneverhavetogohuntingforapenorpieceofpaperagain,andneverworryaboutsearchingforthatmissingnapkinwiththenewsystemdesignscrawledonit.[4]InamannersimilartothedevelopmentofmultimediaPCs,allconsumerelectronics-MusicCDplayers,faxmachines,pagers,audiojournals—willbeintegratedintothewearabledesign.Onedevicewillbeabletohandleallformsofelectronicmedia,whetheritbeaudio,visual,orwirelessdigitalcommunication.Aseldomrealizedaspectofwearablecomputingisaugmentedreality:theseamlessintegrationofrealandvirtualworlds.Electronicallystoredinformationisextremelyusefulwhenoverlayedoveraviewoftheoutsideworld.Forexample:captionsdisplayedwithmuseumexhibits,namesoverfaces(viafacerecognition),wiringschematicsassociatedwiththecurrentproject.

2.3Howoftendoyouwearit?

Mostpeoplewithfunctionalsystemswearitabout16hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Basically,allthetimeexceptduringsports,showers,sleep,andothersuchactivities.

2.4Wheredoyouuseit?

Sinceoneofthedefiningfeaturesofwearablecomputersistheirportability,wearablescanbeusedanywhereapersoncanworkcomfortably.With8-10hourbatterylifeanddigitalcellularmodemsprovidinginternetaccess,workingonawearableallowsthesamelevelofproductivityjustaboutanywhereasaconventionaldesktopstuckinanoffice.

2.5Whatdoyouuseitfor?

Mostofthetimespentusingthewearableisfoundinsideatexteditor—normallyemacs.Phonenumbers,schedules,classnotes,andprogramsallcanbemodifiedorsearched.WithInternetaccess,communicationbecomesveryeasy—everythingfromreal-timemessaging(zephyrs)tofullwebaccessusingNetscapeiscommonplace.Outsideofthis,thewearableisusedjustlikeyournormal(multimedia)desktopcomputer.Insomecases,thewearableisusedinsteadofhavinga‘main’computer.

2.6Whatdoyouuseforinput?

TextThestandardtextinputdeviceistheTwiddler,aone-handedchordedkeyboardandmousecombination.Itallowsfairlyrapidtyping(upto60wordsaminute)inanybodyposition.

VideoVideoinputhasbeenaccomplishedthroughawiderangeofvideocapturedevices.Forstillimages,theColorQuickCamhasbeenusedwithagreatdealofsuccess.Italsoworkswellforlowframe-ratemovie.

AudioMultipletypesofmicrophoneshavebeenusedforbothspeechandmusicalinput.

OtherAverydiversesetofinputdeviceshavebeenattachedtothewearables:GPSlocators,Affectivesensors(bloodpressure,GSR,heartbeat,EMG),infraredpositionalbeaconsandprobes,Digitalcellularmodems,Pilots&otherPDAs,etc.

2.7Whatdoyouuseforoutput?

DisplayThePrivateEye,madebyReflectionTechnology,isourprimarydisplay,abletohandle720x280monochromevideo.

AudioWehaveaSoundBlastercompatiblePC104board,andavarietyofspeakers.

OtherTonsofotheroutputdevicesarebeingplayedwith:Pilots,tactilefeedback,speech,justtonameafew.

2.8Whatspeedcomputerisit?Accessories?

Currently,thesystemsinuserangefrom486dx50’stoPentium133’s.ThenextgenerationthatisbeingtestedusesaPentium166processor.TheaccessoriesmostcommonlyusedaretheSierramodem,GPSsensor,andvideooraudioIO.3OperatingSystemsandSoftware

3.1Linux!

Foraresearch&developmentenvironment,Linuxwasanaturalchoicethatwouldtakefulluseofsystemresources.Notonlyisitefficientandflexible,butthesourceisavailableandwellsupported.

3.2Linux?!?WhynotWin95?

SomeofthesoftwearweuseisonlysupportedinWindowsNT/95.Ithasbeeninstalledononeofthewearablesandseemstobedealingwiththeunusualhardware.Formoreinformation,followthe“ChoosingandOS”undertheWindows95sectiononthemainwearablespage.4DisplayInformation

4.1PrivateEye

ThePrivateEye,manufacturedbyReflectionTechnology,isaLEDbaseddisplaythatcanproduceamonochromeimageat720-280resolution.Itusesavibratingmirrortocreatethisimage.

4.1.1Howcanyouseeadisplaythatclosetoyoureye?

WhenyoulookintothePE,youseetheequivalentofa15"monitoratabouttwofeetaway.

4.1.2Doesn’tthathurttouseforlongperiodsoftime?

ThePEisactuallyverycomfortabletouseforextendeddurations.Thefocuscanbeadjustedfrom10“toinfinity,allowingalmostidealviewingfocus.

4.1.3ThePEvibrates;doesn’tthisgetannoying?

AfterwearingthePEforafewhours,thenoiseandvibrationreallyisn’tnoticed.It’sequivalenttothehumofmostcomputermonitorsandthefannoise-youstopbeingawareofthemafterawhile.

4.1.4Howlonghaveyoubeenwearingthis?

Ouroldestsystemhasbeenwornfor5years.

4.1.5Haveyounoticedanyvisionproblems

No.Notafter5yearsofheavyuse.5InputInformation

5.1Twiddler

TheTwiddler,madebyHandikey,isaone-handedchordedkeyboardandmousecombination.Itallowsfairlyrapidtyping(upto60wordsaminute)inanybodyposition.

5.1.1Isn’titdifficulttolearntouse?

Ittakesaround5minutestolearnthealphabet,anhourtotouchtype,andaweekendtoreach10wordsaminute.Theentirekeymapiscompletelycon-figurable,givingtheusertheabilitytoaddaslittleasafewextramacrostoredefiningtheentiremappingofallthekeys.[5]

5.1.2Howcanyoutypequicklyusingonlyonehand?

TheTwiddlerisachordedkeyboard—thatis,itusesacombinationofkeyspressedatthesametimetoproduceagivenstringforinput.Thereareover4000suchcombinationsavailable,allowingforagreatvarietyofstringstobeencoded.ThestandardkeymappingontheTwiddlerincludeschordsforcommonlettercombinations:‘ing’,‘ed’,‘the’,‘ion’,etc.Thiscanbeexpandedtoallowasimplecombinationofkeystoreturncommonwords,yourentireemailaddress,ortheURLforyourwebpage.InadditiontotheshortcutsbuiltintotheTwiddlerkeymapping,manygoodtexteditingprogramsallowformacroandabbreviationexpansion.Mostofthetextinputdoneonoursystemsisdonethroughemacs,whichsupportswordcompletion(fromthefirstfewlettersofatypedword)andarbitrarylengthabbreviations(abbexpandstoabbreviation,orWHomeexpandsto/

projects/wearables)Takentogether,thisallowsone-handedtypingthatisfast.6So,youwanttobeacyborg.

6.1Iwanttobuildawearable—wherecanIgetthespecs?

FullspecsareonthemainMedialabwebpageat:

/projects/wearables)

6.2Isthereamailinglistforotherpeopledoingthis?

Yes.wear-hard@.Tosubscribe,pleasesendmailtowear-hard-request@withthetext“subscribe”includedinthebodyoftheemail.

6.3Howmuchdoesitcosttobuild?

Agoodstartingsystemcostsinthesamerangeasamediumtohigh-endlaptop.

1. fuzzyadj.有绒毛的,模糊的,失真的。

2. unobtrusiveadj.不唐突的,不多嘴的,客气的,谦虚的。

3. equivalentadj.相等的,相当的,同意义的n.等价物,相等物。

4. thesaurusn.辞典。

5. gign.旋转物v.乘轻便双轮马车。

6. encyclopedian.百科全书。Vocabulary

7. tremendousadj.极大的,巨大的。

8. flippingadj.讨厌之极的。

9. atticn.阁楼,顶楼,[解剖](耳的)鼓室上的隐窝。

10. napkinn.餐巾,餐巾纸,<英>尿布，<美>月经带。

11. zephyrs西风的拟人格(希腊人认为西风是森林诸神中最温柔者)。

12. twiddlevt.捻起来,抚弄,玩弄,旋弄vi.玩弄n.捻。

13. monochromen.单色，单色的。14. compatibleadj.谐调的,一致的,兼容的。

15. tactileadj.触觉的,有触觉的,能触知的n.[心]触觉型。

16. durationn.持续时间,为期。

17. vibratev.(使)振动,(使)摇摆。

18. abbreviationn.缩写,缩写词。

19. arbitraryadj.任意的,武断的,独裁的,专断的。

20. specsn.眼镜,规格。

21. FAQ常见问题。

[1]Militaryandindustrialapplicationsforwearablesespeciallyemphasizetheirhands-freeaspect,andconcentrateonspeechinputandheads-updisplayorvoiceoutput.

军用和工业用可穿戴计算机特别强调双手自由，并且重视语音输入和头戴显示器或语音输出。ImportantSentences

[2]Forexample,ifyourcomputerwantstoletyouknowyouhavenewemailandwhoit’sfrom,itshouldbeabletocommunicatethisinformationtoyouimmediately.

比如说，若你的计算机想要你知道有一封新邮件和邮件的发送者，它应当能够立即通知你。

[3]Withthejumpto5gigdrives,itwouldbetrivialtoputCompton’sencyclopediaontothewearableandhavereal-timeaccesstoatremendouswealthofinformation.

有着5千兆驱动器的支持，把康氏百科全书置于可穿戴计算机中就显得微不足道了，并且能实时访问到极大量的信息。

[4]Youwillneverhavetogohuntingforapenorpieceofpaperagain,andneverworryaboutsearchingforthatmissingnapkinwiththenewsystemdesignscrawledonit.

你将不再必须找一支笔和一张纸，也不需要担心找不到你在上面画了新系统设计草图的那张餐巾纸了。

[5]Theentirekeymapiscompletelyconfigurable,givingtheusertheabilitytoaddaslittleasafewextramacrostoredefiningtheentiremappingofallthekeys.

整个键盘是完全可配置的，这就使用户能够增加几个附加的宏来重定义整个键盘。

(1) Themostdistinguishingfeatureofawearableis().

A. itisalwayswithyou

B. itcanbeusedwhilewalkingorotherwisemoving

around

C. itiscomfortableandeasytokeepanduse

D. itisasunobtrusiveasclothingQuestionsandAnswers

(2) Whichofthefollowingisnotthefactthatsuppliesthetechnologyof“handsfree”?()

A. Speechinput.

B. Heads-updisplay.

C. Voiceoutput.

D. Facialmovement.

(3) “Attention-getting”means().

A. awearableshouldhavesensorsforthephysicalenvironment

B. awearableshouldbeabletoconveyinformationtoitsuserevenwhennotactivelybeingused

C. awearableisalwaysonandworking,sensing,andacting

D. noneofabove(4) TheHMDissomethinglike().

A. TMD(TacticalMissileDefense)

B. NMD(NationalMissileDefense)

C. Heads-up-display

D. Hand-Mastering-Dog

(5) Thewearablecanactlike().

A. aServer

B. aClient

C. aRouter

D. aMulti-MediaComputer

(6) AccordingtotheFAQ,augmentedrealitymeans().

A. thevirtualworlds

B. therealworlds

C. therealandvirtualworlds

D. theseamlessintegrationofrealandvirtualworlds

(7) “namesoverfaces(viafacerecognition)”inthisarticlemeans().

A. everypersonwritesthenameonhisface

B. everyoneknowsthenameofeachothers

C. namescanbewrittenonthefaceininkviafacerecognition

D. thenameisvirtualdisplayontheface

(8) Insection3,“OS”means().

A. operatingSystem

B. ofcourseSuccess

C. officialService

D. offlineSupply

(9) Havingthewearablewithyou,youcancarryallthenotesyouevertakefrom().

A. trips

B. classes

C. businessmeetings

D. allabove(10) PEinthepaperisnot().

A. ALEDbaseddisplay

B. thathurttouseforlongperiodsoftime

C. thatusesavibratingmirrortocreateimage

D. thatmanufacturedbyReflectionTechnology

Howtodefinewearablecomputer？Whatisthedifferencebetweenembeddedsystemandwearablecomputer?Problem

Wearablecomputersinaloosesensearecomputerspeoplecanweareffortlessly.Inastrictersense,wearablecomputersshouldruncontinuouslyandbeoperatedhands-free.Thisstricterdefinitionhelpsdistinguishwearablecomputersfromportableones.Forinstance,pocketwatchesarenotwearablecomputersinasensethatpeopleneedatleastonehandtoholdthemandsometimesanotherhandtoopenthecovers.Wristwatches,incontrast,canbeeasilyflippedoverandreadwhenbothhandsareengagingotheractivities.ReadingMaterial

Manysmalllaptops(Fig.1,left[5]),arenotwearablecomputerseither.Theydonotlastlongenoughtomeetthecontinuousrunrequirement.WearablecomputerslikeMIT’sLizzy(Fig.1,middleleft)canrunmuchlongerbecauseofcarefullyselectedpower-conservativecomponentsandefficientbatteries.

ThewearablesandsmalllaptopsdifferinI/Ofeaturesaswell.Tooperatehands-free,wearablesareusuallyequippedwithhead-mountoreyeglass-baseddisplays(Fig.2,left)andone-handkeyboards(Fig.2,middleleft)ormicrophonewithspeechprocessingsoftware.TwopicturesontherightofFig.1showaprototypeofIBMThinkPad560Xshrunkto10.5oz(300gram)andtoasizesmallenoughtofitintoregularpockets.Thisprototype,introducedinSeptember1998,consistsofa233MHzPentiumCPU,64MBDRAM,340MBIBMmicroharddisk,amicrohead-mountdisplay,andamicrophonewithspeechprocessingsoftware.

RelationshipwithUbiquitousComputing.Ubiquitouscomputers,inthepurestformofdefinition,arecomputersinvisiblyembeddedintheenvironmentandwirelesslycommunicatingwitheachother.S