山东省淄博市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 含解析

2023—2024学年度第一学期高一教学质量检测英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhenwillthetraintoYorkvilleleave?A.At5:45.B.At6:00.C.At6:15.2.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Painthiscar.B.Buyanoldcar.C.Changehisjob.3.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?A.Full.B.Tired.C.Busy.4.Whatadvantagedoesthewoman’snewhousehaveovertheoldone?A.It’sbetterdecorated.B.It’slargerinsize.C.It’sclosertoherworkplace.5.Whatisthewomantalkingabout?A.Traffic.B.Weather.C.Music.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydidthewomanbuysomanythings?A.Theywerecheap.B.Theywerefashionable.C.Theywereofgoodquality.7.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’sbehavior?A.Useful.B.Unnecessary.C.Acceptable.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howoftenwillthebusesleavefromthehotel?A.Everytenminutes.B.Everyfifteenminutes.C.Everythirtyminutes.9.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Waitingforabus.B.Schedulingameeting.C.Makingatransportplan.请听第8段忖料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatworriesthewoman?A.Whentogohome.B.Howtogohome.C.Whotogohomewith.11.Whatdothenumbersontheboxesmean?A.Differentareas.B.Differentairlines.C.Differentriders.12.Whatcolorcardwillthewomanputinthebox?A.Red.B.Blue.C.White.请听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoesthemanwanttostarthistour?A.FromAdelaide.B.FromCairns.C.FromMelbourne.14.HowdoesthefirsttourgofromAliceSpringstoDarwin?A.Bycoach.B.Byplane.C.Bytrain.15.Whatdoesn’thalf-boardtourinclude?A.Allthemeals.B.Allthehotels.C.Allthetransport.16.HowlongisAustralia’sBestTour?A.12days.B.19days.C.26days.请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhattimedoestheshoppingcentercloseonThursday?A.6pm.B.8pm.C.10pm.18Whatcanvisitorsdoonthegroundfloor?A.Watchmovies.B.Eatinfast-foodrestaurants.C.Goshopping.19.Whereisthebookstore?A.Nexttothecafe.B.Besidethesupermarket.C.Oppositethedepartmentstore.20.Whatisthesmallestplaceintheshoppingcenter?A.Thebank.B.Theshoeshop.C.Themobilephoneshop.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AKillerOur100-Word-StoryCompetitionOurmuch-loved100-Word-StoryCompetitionisback!Enterforthechancetowinprizesofupto£1,000.Itisyouropportunitytoshowtheworldyourstorytellingtalents!RulesandprizesPleasemakesurethatcompositionsareoriginal,notpublishedbefore.Justwriteexactly100words(notincludingtitle)—notasinglewordshorterorlonger!Don’tforgettoincludeyourfullname,address,emailandphonenumberwhenfillingintheform.Wemayuseentries(参赛作品)inallprintandelectronicmedia.Therearethreeagegroups—oneforadultsandtwoforschools:oneforchildrenaged12-18andoneforchildrenunder12.Thewinnerofeachgroupwillreceive£1,000andtheoneinthesecondplacewillreceive£250.TermsandconditionsEntriesarenowopenandthecut-offdateisFebruary1,2024,eitheronlineorbypostaddressedto:Reader’sDigest100WordStoryCompetitionWarnersGroupPublicationsWestStreetBournePE109PHTheeditorialteamwillpickashortlistofentries,andthethreebeststoriesineachgroupwillbepostedonlineatreadersdigest.co.ukonMarch1.Youcanvoteforyourfavorite,andtheonewiththemostvoteswillwinthetopprize.VotingwillcloseonMarch31.ThewinnerlistwillbepostedonlineonApril16andthewinningentrieswillbepublishedinourMay2024issue.Enteryourstoryhere—goodluck!1Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Neverbeingpublishedbefore. B.MailingyourentryonJanuary31.C.Writingastoryof120words. D.Creatingastoryoriginally.2.Whodeterminesthewinningentries?A.Editorsandvoters. B.Childrenunder12. C.Themedia. D.Thepublisher.3.Whenwillthewinningentriescomeout?A.InFebruary. B.InMarch. C.InApril. D.InMay.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章宣传了“KillerOur100-Word-StoryCompetition”活动。该活动邀请读者参加100字故事创作比赛，有机会赢得高达1000英镑的奖金。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Rulesandprizes部分中“Justwriteexactly100words(notincludingtitle)—notasinglewordshorterorlonger!(只要写100个单词(不包括标题)——一个单词也不要多或少!)”可知，参赛作品只能是100词，写一篇120词的故事会导致取消资格。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Termsandconditions部分中“Theeditorialteamwillpickashortlistofentries,andthethreebeststoriesineachgroupwillbepostedonlineatreadersdigest.co.ukonMarch1.Youcanvoteforyourfavorite,andtheonewiththemostvoteswillwinthetopprize.(编辑团队将挑选一份入围名单，每组中最好的三篇故事将于3月1日发布在readersdigest.co.uk网站上。你可以为你最喜欢的投票，得票最多的人将赢得最高奖。)”可知，编辑团队先挑选一份入围名单，然后投票人从中选出最佳作品成为获奖作品，所以是编辑和投票人决定获奖作品。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Termsandconditions部分中“ThewinnerlistwillbepostedonlineonApril16andthewinningentrieswillbepublishedinourMay2024issue.(获奖名单将于4月16日在网上公布，获奖作品将刊登在我们2024年5月的那期杂志上。)”可知，获奖作品将于5月出版。故选D项。BTheChinesepancake,orjianbingguozi,isoneofthemostcommonbreakfastfoodsinnorthernChina,usuallyfilledwithmaterialslikevegetables,eggsandspicypaste.Onthevideo-sharingplatformDouyin,FrenchchefCorentinDelcroix’svideoofhisowntypeofjianbinghasbeenviewedabout250,000times.Butjusthowdoeshisdiffer?Itispackedwithcheese,ham,pickle(泡菜)andblacktrufflemayonnaise(黑松露蛋黄酱)—materialstypicallyfoundinFrenchpancakes,whichDelcroixsaysaren’tallthatdifferenttoChinesepancakes.Delcroix’saddictiontoChinesecuisinestartedin2002whenhewasstudyinginBeijing.“ThefirstChinesedishIlearnedtocookwasscrambledeggswithtomatoes.Butmyfavoritesarecookedwheat-basedfoodssuchasjiaoziandxiaolongbao,’”saysDelcroix.Afterlearninghowtopreparesomeofthepopularlocaldishes,DelcroixdecidedtosharehisfavoriteChineseandFrenchdishesonsocialmedia.Andmanyofhisvideosshowhimpreparingdishesthatmarryelementsofbothcuisines.Butthiseffortisnotjustaboutself-improvement—DelcroixsayshehasalsomanagedtolearnmoreaboutChinesecuisinesthroughthecommentsthathereceivesfromhisviewers.“ItisthroughtheviewersthatIgettolearnhowtocreatetrulylocaldishes.Thesuggestionsarefasterandmoredirectthanthosefromthemarket,”Delcroixsays.Delcroixispresentlyachef,asuccessfulbusinessmanandafoodbloggerwhohasmillionsoffollowersonChinesesocialmediaplatforms.DespitehavinglearnedsomuchaboutChinesecuisineovertheyears,Delcroixisstillhungryformoreknowledge.Lookingahead,hewantstodomoretospreadChinesecuisinetopeopleoverseas.“IalwaysfeelthattheremightbeculturalbarrierswhenChinesechefsintroducetheirlocalcuisinestoforeigners.Itmightbemucheasierforaforeignertoexplain,”headds,“Iwanttobethatbridge.”4.WhichisthefeatureofDelcroix’svideo?A.ItintroducesChinesecuisine. B.Itmainlyshowswheat-basedfoods.C.Itcombinestwocountries’cuisines. D.Itshareshowtomakespecialjianbing.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“those”inparagraph3referto?A.TheChinesecuisines. B.Thesuggestions. C.Thelocaldishes. D.Theviewers.6.WhydoesDelcroixwanttobeabridge?A.ToopenaChineserestaurantinFrance.B.TogetmoreknowledgeofChinesecuisine.C.Tointroducemoredeliciousfoodtohisfans.D.Toimproveforeigners’understandingofChinesecuisine.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDelcroix?A.Creativeanddetermined. B.Professionalbutnegative.C.Humorousandtalented. D.Curiousbutimpatient.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了法国厨师科伦汀·德尔克罗瓦对中国煎饼的热爱以及他在社交媒体上分享融合中法两国美食元素的菜肴。他通过观众的反馈学习如何制作地道的中国菜肴，并希望成为传播中国美食文化的桥梁。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheChinesepancake,or

jianbingguozi ,isoneofthemostcommonbreakfastfoodsinnorthernChina,usuallyfilledwithmaterialslikevegetables,eggsandspicypaste.Onthevideo-sharingplatform

Douyin ,FrenchchefCorentinDelcroix’svideoofhisowntypeof

jianbing

hasbeenviewedabout250,000times.Butjusthowdoeshisdiffer?Itispackedwithcheese,ham,pickle(泡菜)andblacktrufflemayonnaise(黑松露蛋黄酱)—materialstypicallyfoundinFrenchpancakes(中国煎饼是中国北方最常见的早餐食品之一，通常馅料包括蔬菜、鸡蛋和辣酱。在视频分享平台抖音上，法国厨师CorentinDelcroix制作的煎饼视频已经被观看了25万次。但他的区别在哪里呢?它的馅料有奶酪、火腿、泡菜和黑松露蛋黄酱——这些都是法式煎饼中常见的材料)”和第二段中“DelcroixdecidedtosharehisfavoriteChineseandFrenchdishesonsocialmedia.Andmanyofhisvideosshowhimpreparingdishesthatmarryelementsofbothcuisines.(德尔克鲁瓦决定在社交媒体上分享他最喜欢的中国和法国菜。他的许多视频都展示了他将两种美食的元素结合在一起的菜肴。)”可知，德尔克鲁瓦视频的特点是它结合了中国和法国两个国家的菜系。故选C项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“ItisthroughtheviewersthatIgettolearnhowtocreatetrulylocaldishes.

Thesuggestionsarefasterandmoredirectthanthosefromthemarket(通过观众，我学会了如何制作真正的当地菜肴。这些建议比来自市场的那些更快、更直接)”和指代关系可推知，指示代词those指代的就是上文中的“建议”，表示“来自市场的建议”。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中““IalwaysfeelthattheremightbeculturalbarrierswhenChinesechefsintroducetheirlocalcuisinestoforeigners.Itmightbemucheasierforaforeignertoexplain,”headds,“Iwanttobethatbridge.”(“我总觉得，当中国厨师向外国人介绍当地美食时，可能会有文化障碍。外国人可能更容易解释，”他补充说，“我想成为那座桥梁。”)”可知，德尔克鲁瓦想成为桥梁是因为他想要提升外国人对中国美食的了解。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“DelcroixdecidedtosharehisfavoriteChineseandFrenchdishesonsocialmedia.Andmanyofhisvideosshowhimpreparingdishesthatmarryelementsofbothcuisines.(德尔克鲁瓦决定在社交媒体上分享他最喜欢的中国和法国菜。他的许多视频都展示了他将两种美食的元素结合在一起的菜肴。)”可知，德尔克鲁瓦创新地将中法两国美食元素结合，并做成菜肴在社交媒体上分享，说明他是一个富创造力的人(creative)；根据第四段中“DespitehavinglearnedsomuchaboutChinesecuisineovertheyears,Delcroixisstillhungryformoreknowledge.(尽管多年来对中国菜学了很多，但德尔克鲁瓦仍然渴望更多的知识。)”和第五段中“Lookingahead,hewantstodomoretospreadChinesecuisinetopeopleoverseas.(展望未来，他想做更多的工作，将中国美食传播给海外人民。)”可推知，在学习中国菜和传播中国美食上，德尔克鲁瓦锲而不舍，意志坚定(determined)。故选A项。CIt’sclearthatfollowingaplant-baseddietisconnectedwithalowerriskofheartdisease.Therearemanytypesofplant-baseddiets,andtheyareallrelatedtocertainfoodsconnectedwithheartbenefits,suchaswholegrains,fruits,vegetables,nutsandhealthyoils.Thedietshavebeenmoststudiedfortheirimpactonhearthealth.Thesedietsarerichinvitaminsandmineralsthathelplowerbloodpressure,reducetheriskofdiabetes(糖尿病)andkeepahealthyweight,allofwhichcanloweryourriskofheartdisease.Yet,thetypesofplantfoodsandtheirsourcesarealsoimportant.Forexample,whitericeandwhitebreadareplant-basedfoods,soyouwouldthinkthey’regoodtoeat.Buttheyarehighlyprocessed,andsoaredepletedofmanyheart-healthynutrients(营养)andhaveenoughsugar,whichmeanstheycanmakebloodsugarlevelsrisesharplyandincreasehunger,leadingtoovereating.Drinking100%fruitjuiceisnotthesameaseatingthewholefruit,sincejuicescanbehighinsugar.Doyoureallyhavetocutoutallmeatforyourheart’shealth?Whichanimalfoodscouldhaveanimpactonhearthealth?Someresearchhasshownthatthetypeandamountmattermost.A2014studyshowedthatmenaged45to79whoate75gramsormoreperdayofprocessedredmeat,likecoldcuts,sausage,baconandhotdogs,hada28%higherriskofheartfailurethanthosewhoatelessthan25grams.However,astudyintheJanuary2017foundthateating85gramsofunprocessedredmeat,threetimesperweek,didnotworsenbloodpressure.Whatistherightplant-baseddietforyou?“Formanymen,thismaybeamatterofbetteringtheircurrentfoods,”saysDr.Satija,aresearcherfromAmericanCollegeofCardiology.8.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,weknowthatplant-baseddiets________.A.benefithearthealth B.increasehunger C.leadtooverweight D.containenoughsugar9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“depletedof’’inparagraph2mean?A.Addedto. B.Shortof. C.Filledwith. D.Rootedin.10.Whydoestheauthorlistnumbersinparagraph3?A.Toprovetheresultbelievable. B.Toattractreaders’attention.C.Toshowtheprocessclearly. D.Tomakethestudypopular.11.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Risksofanimalfoods. B.Disadvantagesofplant-baseddiets.C.Changesofeatinghabits. D.Effectsofheart-healthydiets.【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遵循植物性饮食可以降低心脏病风险，不过需要注意这种饮食中食物的种类和来源，同时在注意种类和量的情况下，摄入动物性食物对心脏健康并没有影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“It’sclearthatfollowingaplant-baseddietisconnectedwithalowerriskofheartdisease.Therearemanytypesofplant-baseddiets,andtheyareallrelatedtocertainfoodsconnectedwithheartbenefits,suchaswholegrains,fruits,vegetables,nutsandhealthyoils.(很明显，遵循植物性饮食与较低的心脏病风险有关。植物性饮食有很多种，它们都与某些对心脏有益的食物有关，比如全谷物、水果、蔬菜、坚果和健康的油)”可知，植物性饮食可以降低心脏病风险，对心脏健康有益。故选A项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线短语的上文“Forexample,whitericeandwhitebreadareplant-basedfoods,soyouwouldthinkthey’regoodtoeat.Buttheyarehighlyprocessed(例如，白米饭和白面包是植物性食物，所以你会认为吃它们会很好。但它们是经过高度加工的)”和下文“haveenoughsugar,whichmeanstheycanmakebloodsugarlevelsrisesharplyandincreasehunger,leadingtoovereating(含有足够的糖，这意味着它们会使血糖水平急剧上升，增加饥饿感，导致暴饮暴食)”可知，此处用白米饭和白面包举例，说明这类看似吃起来会很好的食物实际上因经过高度加工而不利于健康。由此推知，这类食物已经“失去”了许多对心脏有益的营养，depletedof意思应该是“失去，没有”，与shortof“缺乏”意思相近。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Someresearchhasshownthatthetypeandamountmattermost.A2014studyshowedthatmenaged45to79whoate75gramsormoreperdayofprocessedredmeat,likecoldcuts,sausage,baconandhotdogs,hada28%higherriskofheartfailurethanthosewhoatelessthan25grams.However,astudyintheJanuary2017foundthateating85gramsofunprocessedredmeat,threetimesperweek,didnotworsenbloodpressure.(一些研究表明，食物的种类和数量最重要。2014年的一项研究表明，年龄在45岁至79岁之间的男性每天吃75克或更多的加工红肉，如冷盘、香肠、培根和热狗，患心力衰竭的风险比吃不到25克的人高28%。然而，2017年1月的一项研究发现，每周吃三次85克未加工的红肉并不会使血压恶化)”可知，此处是用2014年和2017年的研究结果来证实“对于动物性食物是否会对心脏健康产生影响，取决于食物的种类和数量”的观点。因此，作者提及具体的数字可以证明结果是可信的，从而加强观点的客观性。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatistherightplant-baseddietforyou?“Formanymen,thismaybeamatterofbetteringtheircurrentfoods,”saysDr.Satija,aresearcherfromAmericanCollegeofCardiology.(什么是适合你的植物性饮食？美国心脏病学会的研究员Satija博士说：“对许多人来说，这可能是改善他们目前的食物。”)”可知，本段建议通过改善目前的食物来找到适合自己的植物性饮食。由此推知，接下来作者可能会介绍饮食习惯的改变。故选C项。DThedrylandinGirNationalParkandWildlifePreserve,locatednearIndiawesterntip,istheproud—andonly—homeoftheAsiaticlion.Bytheearly1900s,however,theirpopulationshaddecreasedforhomolossandhunting,leavingfewerthan50knownindividualsalive.Thoughtheirnumbershaverisenoverthepastseveraldecades—climbingtoaround670in2020,asuccessfulstory—thelionsarestillconsideredendangered.Oneofthebiggestchallengestokeepthelions’futureistotrackthem,ahardwork.Someanimals,liketigersandzebras,havespecialcoatpatterns(图案)thatprovideusefulmarkstotheresearchers.ButfortheAsiaticlions,researchersmustlookelsewhere.In2019,Banerjee,whoworkedforIndiasNationalTigerConservationAuthority,developedanAIsystemtorecognizethelionswithhighaccuracy(精准).TheAIprogram,SIMBA,hasbeenappliedinpractice.“Itwillbeafantastictoolforlong-termlionmonitoring,”saysBanerjee.Headds,“Itcouldhelpforestofficialsarriveatamoreaccurateestimate(评估)ofGir’slionpopulation.Inafewyears,thegroupwillhavearichcollectionofinformation—howmanylionsaremale,female,howmanywillbearbabiesandhowmanyaredead.”Despitetheadvantages,Baneijeealsoaddshisworries.Hesuggestscertainrulesbemadetopreventmaininformationfrombeingstolen.“WheretoolslikeSIMBAreallyshine”,hesays,“isinhelpingresearchersdevelopmonitoringplansthatarekeystotheprotectionofat-riskanimals,”hesays,“otherwise,allyoureffortswillbeinvain.”12.WhatisthegreatestdifficultyinprotectingAsiaticlions?A.Stoppingthemfrombeingkilled. B.Keepingtrackofthem.CProtectingtheirlivingenvironment. D.Increasingtheirpopulation.13.HowdoesSIMBAhelpresearchers?ABylocatinglions’homes. B.Bytrackingotheranimals.C.Bymonitoringtheanimalstealers. D.Byprovidingaccurateinformation.14.What’sBaneijee’sopinionabouttheAIprogram?A.Itneedstobewidelyused. B.Ithassavedtheat-riskanimals.C.Itspossiblerisksshouldbeawareof. D.Itsdisadvantagesshouldbeignored.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheApplicationofAIonProtectingAnimals. B.TheAIProgramfortheEndangeredAsiaticLions.C.TheMeasuresofProtectingAsiaticLions. D.TheBiggestChallengeoftheAIsystem.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能在保护濒危的亚洲狮方面的作用。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Oneofthebiggestchallengestokeepthelions’futureistotrackthem,ahardwork.”（要想保住狮子的未来，最大的挑战之一就是追踪它们，这是一项艰巨的工作。）可知，保护亚洲狮最大的困难是跟踪他们。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Headds,“Itcouldhelpforestofficialsarriveatamoreaccurateestimate(评估)ofGir’slionpopulation.Inafewyears,thegroupwillhavearichcollectionofinformation—howmanylionsaremale,female,howmanywillbearbabiesandhowmanyaredead.””（他补充说:“这可以帮助森林官员更准确地估计吉尔的狮子数量。几年后，该组织将收集到丰富的信息——有多少狮子是雄性的，有多少是雌性的，有多少会生育，有多少会死亡。”）可知，SIMBA通过提供准确的信息帮助研究人员。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Despitetheadvantages,Baneijeealsoaddshisworries.Hesuggestscertainrulesbemadetopreventmaininformationfrombeingstolen.”（尽管有这些优势，Baneijee也增加了他的担忧。他建议制定一些规则来防止主要信息被盗。）可知，Baneijee对人工智能项目的看法是应该意识到它可能存在的风险。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“In2019,Banerjee,whoworkedforIndiasNationalTigerConservationAuthority,developedanAIsystemtorecognizethelionswithhighaccuracy(精准).TheAIprogram,SIMBA,hasbeenappliedinpractice.”（2019年，在印度国家老虎保护局工作的班纳吉开发了一种人工智能系统，可以高精度地识别狮子。人工智能程序SIMBA已经在实践中得到了应用。）可知，本文是介绍了濒危亚洲狮人工智能项目。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Higherlevelsofoptimism(乐观主义)arerelatedloalongerlifetime.Peoplewiththehighestlevelsofoptimismhave11%to15%longerlifetimethanthosewhopracticelittlepositivethinking.Theoptimistsmaylivetoage85orbeyond.Optimismdoesn’tmeanignoringlife’sstress.Butwhennegativethingshappen,optimisticpeoplearelesslikelytoblamethemselves.___16___.Theyalsobelievetheycancontroltheirdestinyandcreateopportunitiesforgoodthingstohappeninthefuture.___17___.Researchhasfoundoptimistshavea35%lesschanceofaheartdisease.There’sadirectconnectionbetweenoptimistsandhealthierdietandexercisebehaviors,aswellasastrongerimmune(免疫)systemandbetterlungfunction.Optimismcanbeimprovedbytraining.Studieshavefoundonlyabout25%ofouroptimismisprogrammedbygenes(基因).___18___.Itturnsoutyoucantrainyourbraintobemorepositive.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoincreaseoptimismiscalledthe“BestPossibleSelf”method.Inthisperiod,youimagineyourselfinfuture,andyouhaveachievedallyourlifeaimsandallofyourproblemshavebeensolved.___19___.Anotherwayistokeepajournalonlytocapturepositiveexperiencesyouexperiencedthatday.It’snoteasytocarryoutoptimismexercises.Likeexercise,theywillneedtobepracticedregularlytokeepthebrainpositive.___20___.Butisn’talonger,happier,morepositivelifeworththeeffort?A.Itmayalsolengthenyourlife.B.Therestisuptoyourattitudetolife.C.Beingoptimisticalsoimprovesyourhealth.D.Theoptimismexercisesmaybeahardprocess.E.Thefocusonthepositivecanreshapeyourbrain.F.Practicingthisdailycansignificantlyimproveyourpositivefeelings.G.Theyaremorelikelytoseethebarrierasagoodchancetoturnpositive.【答案】16.G17.C18.B19.F20.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。较高水平的乐观主义与较长的寿命有关。文章主要介绍了乐观情绪的重要性以及如何保持乐观。【16题详解】下文“Theyalsobelievetheycancontroltheirdestinyandcreateopportunitiesforgoodthingstohappeninthefuture.(他们还相信自己可以掌控自己的命运，为未来美好的事情发生创造机会)”中的also表明空处和下文是并列关系，也是在讲乐观的人如何做，G项“他们更有可能将这一障碍视为转正的好机会”符合，且thebarrier呼应上文的“negativethingshappen”，故选G。【17题详解】下文“Researchhasfoundoptimistshavea35%lesschanceofaheartdisease.(研究发现，乐观的人患心脏病的几率会降低35%)”指出乐观能改善你的健康。C项“乐观也能改善你的健康”符合，故选C。【18题详解】上文“Studieshavefoundonlyabout25%ofouroptimismisprogrammedbygenes(基因).(研究发现，我们的乐观情绪中只有大约25%是由基因决定的)”指出乐观情绪只有大约25%是由基因决定的，空处承接上文，指出乐观情绪的其他决定因素，B项“剩下的就看你的生活态度了。”符合，故选B。【19题详解】上文“Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoincreaseoptimismiscalledthe“BestPossibleSelf”method.Inthisperiod,youimagineyourselfinfuture,andyouhaveachievedallyourlifeaimsandallofyourproblemshavebeensolved.(增加乐观情绪的最有效方法之一被称为“最佳可能的自我”方法。在这个时期，你想象着未来的自己，你已经实现了所有的人生目标，所有的问题都已经解决了)”介绍了增加乐观情绪的最有效方法之一，即在这个时期，你想象着未来的自己，你已经实现了所有的人生目标，所有的问题都已经解决了，下文“Anotherwayistokeepajournalonlytocapturepositiveexperiencesyouexperiencedthatday.(另一种方法是写日记，只记录当天经历的积极经历)”介绍了增加积极情绪的另一个方法，由此可知，空处承接上文，F项“每天练习可以显着改善你的积极情绪。”符合，this代指上文youimagineyourselfinfuture,andyouhaveachievedallyourlifeaimsandallofyourproblemshavebeensolved，故选F。【20题详解】上文“It’snoteasytocarryoutoptimismexercises.Likeexercise,theywillneedtobepracticedregularlytokeepthebrainpositive.(进行乐观练习并不容易。就像锻炼一样，它们需要定期练习才能保持大脑积极)”指出进行乐观练习并不容易，D项“乐观练习可能是一个艰难的过程。”符合，故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EsbonKamauhadanormalTuesdayafternoonpickinguppassengersinHoover.Onthisparticularday,hehadthepleasureofdrivingAlexTisdale,a16-year-oldwhoeagerly___21___theexcitingnewsofreceivingan$8,000Christmasgiftfromhisproudfatherto___22___anewmotorcycle.Duringthe15-minute___23___toJohnHawkinsParkway,TisdaleleftKamauwithaheart-warmingimpression.However,the___24___tookplacewhenKamaunoticedabluebagatthebackofhisseatafter___25___Tisdaletopickupanotherpassenger.Uponexaminingthebag,Kamau___26___alargeamountofmoney.Ratherthankeepingit,hedecidedtoholdontothemoneyuntilhecouldreportthe___27___tothecompany.Meanwhile,Tisdale,unawareofthemissingmoneythenandthere,___28___wentback,wonderingwherehecouldhave___29___it.Unabletofindeachother,theybothusedthecompany’sapptoreportthe____30____article.Thankstothecompany’scommunication,theywere____31____overthephone.Withouthesitation,Kamaumadetheadmirable____32____todrivebacktoTisdale.Tisdale,____33____byKamau’shonesty,expressedhisthanksbytippinghim$10.Thisactofkindnessleftalasting____34____onTisdale,whoadvisedotherstobegratefulforwhattheyhave.Atthesametime,Kamausharedapieceofadviceforfellowtaxidrivers,____35____theimportanceofdoingtherightthingattherighttime.21.A.shared B.collected C.ignored D.kept22.A.ride B.buy C.borrow D.choose23.A.goal B.adventure C.chance D.journey24.A.unexpected B.forgotten C.respected D.unavoidable25.A.puttingdown B.learningabout C.droppingoff D.sendingout26.A.emptied B.required C.discovered D.guessed27.A.opinion B.information C.preparation D.knowledge28.A.calmly B.angrily C.excitedly D.anxiously29.A.watched B.returned C.left D.searched30.A.missing B.wild C.strange D.disappearing31.A.introduced B.compared C.recognized D.connected32.A.result B.decision C.solution D.purpose33.A.surprised B.saved C.satisfied D.moved34.A.impression B.debate C.attention D.comment35.A.exploring B.exchanging C.stressing D.reflecting【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A31.D32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述描述了司机EsbonKamau在接载乘客AlexTisdale后发现一袋钱，并诚实地归还给了Tisdale，Tisdale对Kamau的诚实表示感激，并慷慨地给予小费。故事强调了诚实和善良的重要性。。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个特殊的日子里，他很荣幸地驾车送16岁的AlexTisdale，Tisdale急切地分享了令人兴奋的消息，他从自豪的父亲那里收到了8000美元现金作为圣诞礼物，可以买一辆新摩托车。A.shared分享；B.collected收集；C.ignored忽略；D.kept保持。根据下文“theexcitingnewsofreceivingan$8,000Christmasgift”可知，Tisdale跟分享分享了一个好消息。故选A项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个特殊的日子里，他很荣幸地驾车送16岁的AlexTisdale，Tisdale急切地分享了令人兴奋的消息，他从自豪的父亲那里收到了8000美元现金作为圣诞礼物，可以买一辆新摩托车。A.ride骑行；B.buy买；C.borrow借；D.choose选择。根据上文“an$8,000Christmasgift”可知，8000美元是用来买摩托车的圣诞礼物。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在前往约翰霍金斯公园路的15分钟行程中，Tisdale给Kamau留下了温暖的印象。A.goal目标；B.adventure冒险；C.chance机会；D.journey行程。根据上文“15-minute”和下文“toJohnHawkinsParkway”可知，到目的地Kamau开了15分钟。故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，意想不到的事情发生了，Kamau在放下Tisdale去接另一名乘客后，注意到座位后面有一个蓝色的袋子。A.unexpected出乎意料的；B.forgotten忘记的；C.respected受尊敬的；D.unavoidable不可避免的。根据下文“Kamaunoticedabluebagatthebackofhisseat”可知，Tisdale把东西丢在了车上，这是出乎意料的事情。故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，意想不到的事情发生了，Kamau在放下Tisdale去接另一名乘客后，注意到座位后面有一个蓝色的袋子。A.puttingdown放下；B.learningabout了解；C.droppingoff放下，送到；D.sendingout发出。根据下文“pickupanotherpassenger”可知，Kamau已经把Tisdale送达目的地，并让其下车，准备去接另一名乘客。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在检查包时，Kamau发现了一大笔钱。A.emptied倒空；B.required要求；C.discovered发现；D.guessed猜测。根据上文“Uponexaminingthebag”可推知，检查包时发现了里面的钱。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有把这笔钱据为己有，而是决定保管这笔钱，直到他可以向公司报告这一信息。A.opinion意见；B.information信息；C.preparation准备；D.knowledge知识。根据上文“report(报告)”和下文“theybothusedthecompany’sapptoreportthe10article.”可知，Kamau在等待时机向公司报告这一信息。故选B项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，之前没有意识到钱不见了的Tisdale正焦急地往回赶，想知道他把钱留在哪里了。A.calmly冷静地；B.angrily生气地；C.excitedly兴奋地；D.anxiously焦虑地。根据下文“wonderingwherehecouldhave9it.”可推知，知道钱丢了，Tisdale正在焦虑地寻找。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，之前没有意识到钱不见了的Tisdale正焦急地往回赶，想知道他把钱留在哪里了。A.watched观察；B.returned返回；C.left留下；D.searched搜索。根据上文“wonderingwhere”可推知，Tisdale想知道自己把钱留在哪里了。故选C项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于找不到对方，他们都使用了该公司的应用程序来报告失物。A.missing丢失的；B.wild野生的；C.strange奇怪的；D.disappearing消失的。根据上文“usedthecompany’sapptoreport”和下文“Thankstothecompany’scommunication”可推知，他们都向出租车公司报告了丢失物品的情况。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于公司的沟通，他们通过电话联系上了。A.introduced介绍；B.compared比较；C.recognized认出；D.connected联系。根据下文“overthephone”和“Withouthesitation,Kamaumadetheadmirable12todrivebacktoTisdale.”可知，通过公司，他们用电话取得了联系。故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Kamau毫不犹豫地做出了令人钦佩的决定，开车回去找Tisdale。A.result结果；B.decision决定；C.solution解决方案；D.purpose目的。根据上文“Withouthesitation”和下文“todrivebacktoTisdale”可知，Kamau做出了开车回去找Tisdale的决定。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tisdale被Kamau的诚实所感动，给了他10美元的小费以示感谢。A.surprised使(某人)吃惊；B.saved拯救；C.satisfied满意；D.moved感动。根据下文“expressedhisthanksbytippinghim$10”可知，Tisdale被Kamau所感到，