山东省东营市2023-2024学年高二期末考试英语试题 含解析

2023-2024学年度第一学期期末质量监测高二英语本试卷共12页，时长120分钟，满分150分。注意事项：1.本试卷由四部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。2.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。3.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用像皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydidthewomancutherhairshort?A.Shewastiredoflonghair.B.Shedesiredtolookmorebeautiful.C.Shewantedtosavetimeforrelaxation.2.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A.Hewentswimming.B.Hedidsomereading.C.Hewalkedinthepark.3.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Annoyed.B.Confused.C.Ashamed.4.Whoistakingcareofthechild?A.Amy.B.Louise.C.Toby.5.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Enjoyingacostumeparty.B.Shoppingforclothes.C.Watchingamovie.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whattimeisitnow?A.About5:10.B.About5:50.C.About6:00.7.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Attheairport.B.Inthestreet.C.Inthetaxi.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whyisthemanunwillingtobuythefirstitem?A.Itsdesignisn’ttohistaste.B.Hedoesn’tthinkit’sworththeprice.C.Hiswifehasgotone.9.Whatwilltheman’swifereceive?A.Anecklace.B.AwatchC.Abag.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.WhatdidLaurafailtodo?A.Findanalbum.B.Cleanherroom.C.Lookaftertheplants.11.WhendidthemangoonapicnicwiththeSmiths?A.Lastspring.B.Lastsummer.C.Lastautumn.12.WhatisJohndoinginthepicture?A.Doingsports,B.Readingabook.C.Walkingbyalake.13.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister,B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthewomando?A.She’sanactress.B.She’sapresenter.C.She’safilmdirector.15.Whatdidthemandointhebackyardwhenhewasyoung?A.Heactedinfrontofhisneighbors.B.Hemadecostumesforplays.C.Hedidthevoicesforcharacters.16.Whatwastheman’sfirstplayonstage?A.BuriedChild.B.FoolforLove.C.St.GeorgeandtheDragon.17.Whichpersonimpressesthemanmostinhiscareer?A.RobertWoodruff.B.StanFrebergC.EdHarris.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WheredoestheWorldTreeHuggingChampionshiptakeplaceeveryyear?A.InIndia.B.InFinland.C.InBritain.19.Howmanypeopleparticipatedinthe2023ScottishTreeHuggingChampionship?A.18.B.17.C.16.20.Whatisthelastpartofthe2023ScottishTreeHuggingChampionship?A.Huggingasmanytreesaspossibleinoneminute.B.Showingloveandrespectforaspecifictree.C.Huggingatreeinauniqueway.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInSingapore,itseemslikeartcanbeseenateveryturn.Throughouttheyear,festivals,liveperformances,andconcertsaddtothevibrancy(活力)ofthecreativecommunity.Herearesomeofthebiggestartfestivals.SINGAPOREARTWEEKWhen:JanuaryOverthecourseof10days,thismassivevisualartcelebrationorganizesmorethan130artevents—atmuseums,galleries,independentartspaces,andpublicplacesacrossSingaporefromthecitycentertotheheartlandneighborhoods.Visitorscanhavediscussionswithartists,andattendartexhibitionsandworkshopsthatexploreartandcultureinAsia.Whetheryou’reinterestedinSudanesearchitectureorcuteJapanesepaintings,there’saneventforeveryone,ARTSGWhen:JanuaryDuringthebiggestartfairinSoutheastAsia,morethan150oftheworld’sbestgallerieswillshowcasetheircollectionofmorethan1,000artistsattheMarinaBaySandsExpoandConventionCenter.From12-15January,thislarge-scaleartshowhighlightspaintings,sculptures,andphotographyfromgalleriesliketheinfluentialGagosianandLondon’sWhiteCube.SINGAPOREINTERNATIONALFESTIVALOFARTSWhen:MayThisannualperformanceartfestivalpushestheboundariesofphysicalandvirtualspacesandexploresTheAnatomyofPerformancethroughmusic,film,dance,musicals,andplays.Thefestival’slineupincludesabroadrangeofprogramsfromlocalandinternationalartists,rangingfromorchestralperformancestodifferentstylesofmodernandtraditionaldances.SINGAPORENIGHTFESTIVALWhen:AugustForoneweekeachAugust,theBrasBasahBugisdistrictlightsupforthismulti-dimensionalartfestival,withmorethanadozenlightinstallations(装置),stageshows,andtheaterperformances.TheNationalMuseumofSingaporesponsorstheevent.ItalsoactsasamajorvenueforvariousperformancesanddemonstrationsalongwiththeSingaporeArtMuseumandthePeranakanMuseum.1.WhatcanvisitorsdoatSINGAPOREARTWEEK?A.Watchorchestralperformances.B.Appreciateworksofphotography.C.Discusswithartists.D.AdmireSudanesepaintings.2.HowlongdoesthebiggestartfairinSoutheastAsialast?A.Threedays. B.Fourdays. C.Aweek. D.Tendays.3.Whichwouldyouliketochooseifyouwanttoattenditatnight?A.SINGAPOREARTWEEKB.ARTSGC.SINGAPOREINTERNATIONALFESTIVALOFARTSD.SINGAPORENIGHTFESTIVAL【答案】1C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新加坡的几个艺术节。这些艺术节涵盖了视觉艺术、表演艺术和夜景艺术等多个领域，吸引了来自世界各地的艺术家和游客参与。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“SINGAPOREARTWEEK”部分中的“Visitorscanhavediscussionswithartists,andattendartexhibitionsandworkshopsthatexploreartandcultureinAsia.(游客可以与艺术家进行讨论，参加艺术展览和研讨会，探索亚洲的艺术和文化)”可知，游客们在新加坡艺术周可以与艺术家进行讨论。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“ARTSG”部分中的“DuringthebiggestartfairinSoutheastAsia,morethan150oftheworld’sbestgallerieswillshowcasetheircollectionofmorethan1,000artistsattheMarinaBaySandsExpoandConventionCenter.From12-15January,thislarge-scaleartshowhighlightspaintings,sculptures,andphotographyfromgalleriesliketheinfluentialGagosianandLondon’sWhiteCube.(在东南亚最大的艺术博览会期间，超过150家世界上最好的画廊将在滨海湾金沙博览会议中心展示他们的1000多名艺术家的收藏。从1月12日至15日，这个大型艺术展将展示来自高古轩和伦敦白立方等画廊的绘画、雕塑和摄影作品)”可知，东南亚最大的艺术博览会的时间为从1月12日至15日，也就是说持续四天。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“SINGAPORENIGHTFESTIVAL”部分中的“ForoneweekeachAugust,theBrasBasahBugisdistrictlightsupforthismulti-dimensionalartfestival,withmorethanadozenlightinstallations(装置),stageshows,andtheaterperformances.(每年8月的一个星期，布拉斯巴沙布吉斯区都会为这个多维度的艺术节亮起灯光，有十多个灯光装置、舞台表演和戏剧表演)”可知，这个艺术节会在晚上举办，因此如果想在晚上参加艺术节，可以来这个艺术节。故选D。BNotlongago,LindaKhanwassittingbyahospitalbedinHouston,feelingillatease.Besideherlayher88-year-oldfather,whoneededsurgery.Whattroubledheralmostasmuchashishealthwasthefactthatalldaythetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmalltalk.Sheandherfatherhadalwayshadgoodconversations,butnowhisoncewide-ranginginterestsseemedtohaveshrunktothesizeoftheroom.Hetalkedabouttheterriblehospitalfood,thetests,thedoctors,thediagnosis,thepotentialoutcomes.“Itisreallyhardtositwithapersoninahospital,”Khansays.“Itfeelslikethere’snothingtotalkaboutexcepttheirmedicalsituation.”Thatdayinthehospital,hereyefellonapileofbooksthatpeoplehadbroughtasgifts.Herfatherhadalwaysbeenareader,butlatelyhedidn’thavetheenergyorfocus.ShepickedupYoungTitan,MichaelShelden’sbiographyofWinstonChurchill,andstartedtoreaditoutloud.“Rightawayitchangedthemoodandatmosphere,”shesays.Thatafternoon,Khanreadtoherfatherforanhour.Itwasareliefandapleasureforbothofthem.Readinggavethedaughterawaytoconnectwithherfatherandhelphiminasituationthatwasotherwiseoutofherhands.Listeningallowedthefathertotravelonthesoundofhisdaughter’svoice,andbackintotherealmofmature,intellectualengagement,wherehefelthimselfagain.“He’sinandoutofthehospitalalotnow,”Khansays,“andIalwaysreadtohim.”Thatmaybejustwhatthedoctorordered.Ina2010surveyintheUnitedKingdom,elderlyadultswhojoinedweeklyread-aloudgroupsreportedbetterconcentration,lessanxiety,andanimprovedabilitytosocialize.Thesurveyauthorsbelievedtheseimprovementswereinlargepartduetothe“rich,varied,nonprescriptivedietofseriousliterature”thatgroupmembersconsumed,withfictionencouragingfeelingsofrelaxationandcalm,poetrypromotingfocusedconcentration,andnarrativesofallsortsgivingrisetothoughts,feelings,andmemories.4.WhatdoweknowaboutKhan’sfatherfromparagraph2?A.Hestucktoawiderangeofinterests. B.HehadnosmalltalkwithKhan.C.Hismoodsufferedquitealot. D.Allhishopewaslost.5.Whichstatementistrue?A.KhangotinspirationfromYoungTitan.B.KhanhadspeciallypreparedYoungTitanforherfather.C.Readingwasawin-winwayforKhanandherfather.D.Khan’sfatherhadhadnointerestinreading.6.Joiningweeklyread-aloudgroupscanbenefitelderlyadultsinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPT.A.thetoleranceofloneliness. B.thecapabilityofsocializing.C.therelievingofanxiety. D.thepromotingofconcentration.7.Whatcanweinferabouttheelderlyadults’activityofgroupreading?A.Allkindsofliteratureworkedequally. B.Aspecifickindofliteratureworkedbetter.C.Itwastheamountofreadingthatcounted. D.Itwasthevarietyofreadingthatcounted.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以LindaKhan给在医院住院的父亲阅读为例，说明了阅读可以让老年人注意力更集中，减少焦虑以及提高社交能力。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whattroubledheralmostasmuchashishealthwasthefactthatalldaythetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmalltalk.Sheandherfatherhadalwayshadgoodconversations,butnowhisoncewide-ranginginterestsseemedtohaveshrunktothesizeoftheroom.Hetalkedabouttheterriblehospitalfood,thetests,thedoctors,thediagnosis,thepotentialoutcomes.“Itisreallyhardtositwithapersoninahospital,”Khansays.“Itfeelslikethere’snothingtotalkaboutexcepttheirmedicalsituation.”(几乎和他的健康一样困扰她的是，他们俩整天除了令人沮丧的寒暄什么也没谈。她和父亲一直聊得很愉快，但现在他曾经广泛的兴趣似乎缩小到了这个房间的大小。他谈到了糟糕的医院食物、检查、医生、诊断和潜在的后果。“在医院里和一个人坐在一起真的很难，”汗说。“感觉除了他们的医疗状况没什么可谈的。”)”可知，可汗的父亲和可汗不再闲聊。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Itwasareliefandapleasureforbothofthem.Readinggavethedaughterawaytoconnectwithherfatherandhelphiminasituationthatwasotherwiseoutofherhands.Listeningallowedthefathertotravelonthesoundofhisdaughter’svoice,andbackintotherealmofmature,intellectualengagement,wherehefelthimselfagain.(这对他们俩来说都是一种解脱和快乐。阅读给了女儿一种与父亲沟通的方式，在她无法控制的情况下帮助他。倾听可以让父亲在女儿的声音中旅行，回到成熟的、理智的领域，在那里他又感觉到了自己)”可知，C选项“阅读对汗和她父亲来说是一种双赢的方式”正确。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ina2010surveyintheUnitedKingdom,elderlyadultswhojoinedweeklyread-aloudgroupsreportedbetterconcentration,lessanxiety,andanimprovedabilitytosocialize.(英国2010年的一项调查显示，参加每周朗读小组的老年人注意力更集中，焦虑更少，社交能力也有所提高)”可知，参加每周一次的大声朗读小组不能使老年人在“对孤独的容忍”方面受益。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thesurveyauthorsbelievedtheseimprovementswereinlargepartduetothe“rich,varied,nonprescriptivedietofseriousliterature”thatgroupmembersconsumed,withfictionencouragingfeelingsofrelaxationandcalm,poetrypromotingfocusedconcentration,andnarrativesofallsortsgivingrisetothoughts,feelings,andmemories.(调查的作者认为，这些进步在很大程度上要归功于小组成员所阅读的“丰富、多样、非规范的严肃文学”，小说鼓励放松和平静的感觉，诗歌促进集中注意力，各种各样的叙事引发了思考、感受和记忆)”可推知，重要的是阅读的多样性。故选D。CBBYY,astheadultfemalewasknown,madeawilddashofmorethan388kilometersin49days—thelongestdistanceeverrecordedamonghares,rabbitsoranyotherrelatives—researchersreportonlineDecember22inEcology.“Tothinkthatsuchasmallanimallivingundersuchextremeconditionsaveragedabouteightkilometersperdayacrosssevenweeksistrulyamazing,”saysJoelBerger,ascientistatColoradoStateUniversityinFortCollins.Arctichares,alsoknownasNorth-Polehares—whichweighmoreorlessthesameashousecats,aboutfourkilograms—aredesirabletargetsforfoxesandwolvesonthetundra(苔原).Giventhehares’importantroleintheArcticfoodchain,scientistDominiqueBerteauxwantedtoknowhowtheanimalsmoveacrossthedrylandscapewhereveryfewplantscangrow.In2019,Berteauxandcolleaguesfixedsatellitetrackingringson25harescaughtnearthenortherntipofEllesmereIslandinNunavut,Canada.Astheharesquicklyranaway,theresearchershadnoideathecreatureswerebeginningamind-blowingjourneyacrossthetundra,Berteauxsays.That’sbecauseharesandtheirrelatives,typicallyspendtheirliveswithinafamiliarareawherefoodisplentifulandeasytofind.TheArcticharesbehavedquitedifferently,withmosttravelinganywherebetween113and310kilometers.NonecameclosetoBBYY,whodiedofunknowncausesaboutamonthafterreachingherfinaldestination.Foraharetocompletesuchadangerousjourney,itmustbalancetheneedtofindfoodwithoutbecomingfood,saysDennisMurray,ascientist.ThatmakesBBYY’sadventureevenmoreimpressive,hesays.BerteauxandcolleagueshopedatafromBBYYandtheotherharescanhelpshapeconservationstrategiesforthedesertsystemneartheNorthPole.Butevenatthisearlystage,it’sexcitingtofind“somethingunknowninananimalthatwethoughtweknewquitewell,”Berteauxsays.8.WhydidBerteauxandcolleaguesdoresearchonArctichares?A.Becauseoftheiramazingabilitytotravelalongdistance.B.Becauseoftheirweighingmoreorlessthesameashousecats.C.BecauseoftheirimportantroleintheArcticfoodchain.D.Becauseoftheirextremelivingconditions.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mind-blowing”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.Amazing. B.Challenging. C.Demanding. D.Upsetting.10.WhatdoweknowaboutBBYY?A.BBYYwasanadultmalewiththelongestdistancerecordamonghares.B.BBYYdiedoftirednessfromtravelingthelongestdistance.C.BBYY,likeotherArctichares,typicallylivedwithinafamiliararea.D.BBYYmanagedtobalancetheneedtofindfoodwithoutbecomingfood.11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.ThefindingsofBerteauxandcolleaguesaregoodfornothing.B.ThefindingsofBerteauxandcolleaguesjustconfirmwhatpeoplebelieveabouthares.C.Berteauxandcolleagueshavediscoveredanunknownspecies—Arctichares.D.BerteauxandcolleagueswillgoonwiththeirresearchonArctichares.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一只北极野兔在破纪录的旅程中行驶了至少388公里，这次旅行是有记录以来野兔及其亲属中最长的一次。在资源贫瘠的苔原地区，既要寻找食物，也要避免成为其他动物的食物，BBYY成功地抵达目的地，这不仅使人感到震惊，也让人们看到了这种动物的隐藏属性。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Giventhehares’importantroleintheArcticfoodchain,scientistDominiqueBerteauxwantedtoknowhowtheanimalsmoveacrossthedrylandscapewhereveryfewplantscangrow.(考虑到野兔在北极食物链中的重要作用，科学家DominiqueBerteaux想知道野兔是如何在很少有植物生长的干旱地带活动的。)”可知，他们对野兔进行研究是出于野兔在北极食物链中的重要作用。故选C项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。分析前后文语境可知，划线单词之后的句子内容“That’sbecauseharesandtheirrelatives,typicallyspendtheirliveswithinafamiliarareawherefoodisplentifulandeasytofind.(这是因为野兔和它们的亲戚通常生活在一个食物丰富、容易找到的熟悉区域。)”解释了为何将野兔的这次的旅程形容为“amind-blowingjourney”，即一般情况下，野兔生活在熟悉区域里，食物丰富且易得，苔原地区并不是野兔熟悉的地方，且条件恶劣，将它们放生在这样的地方，它们将要面临的困难和挑战可想而知，因此，一旦完成这次旅程就会让人觉得震惊。由此可推知，“mind-blowing”应是“震惊的”含义。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第六段内容“Foraharetocompletesuchadangerousjourney,itmustbalancetheneedtofindfoodwithoutbecomingfood,saysDennisMurray,ascientist.ThatmakesBBYY’sadventureevenmoreimpressive,hesays.(科学家DennisMurray说，对于一只野兔来说，要完成如此危险的旅程，它必须在寻找食物的同时又不成为食物。他说，这让BBYY的冒险更加令人印象深刻。)”可知，野兔在完成这样的旅程中要寻找食物，同时避免自身成为食物，而BBYY完成了这样的冒险。由此可推知，BBYY成功地平衡了寻找食物而不成为食物的需求。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Butevenatthisearlystage,it’sexcitingtofind‘somethingunknowninananimalthatwethoughtweknewquitewell,’Berteauxsays.(但即使在这个早期阶段，发现“我们认为我们非常了解的动物的未知之处”也是令人兴奋的，Berteaux说。)”可知，他们的研究是在早期阶段，由此可推知，他们会继续对北极兔进行研究。故选D项。DAmidglobaleffortstoreplacefossilfuelswithcleanenergy,Chinesescientistsandengineersareworkingonabrightidea—soakingupabundantenergyfromthesunandthenbeamingitbacktoEarth.MultipleteamsinChinaarecurrentlyfocusedontechnologiesneededforbuildingandrunningaspace-basedsolarpowerfacility,whichwillallowthesun’senergytobecapturednonstop,somethingthatisn’tpossiblefromEarth,saidHouXinbin,aseniorresearcher.Aftercollectingsolarenergy,thespacefacilitywilltransformitintoelectromagneticradiation,suchasmicrowaves,andlaserbeamsandsenditwirelesslybacktotheEarth’ssurface.Receivingstationswill,thenturntheseelectromagneticwavesandlaserbeamsintoelectricityfordistributiontopowergrids(电网).“Asakeysteptotestingtheworkabilityofspace-basedsolarpowergeneration,wewanttomakeandplaceintoorbitapairofsatellites—alargeonethatwillcollectsolarpowerandtransformittomicrowavesandlaserbeams,andasmalleroneresponsibleforreceivinglaserbeams,Meanwhile,agroundstationwillbeinchargeofreceivingthemicrowaves.Thetwosatelliteswillformanin-orbittestingsystemforwirelesspowertransfer,”Housaid.However,ahostoftechnicalissuesmustbesolvedbeforeanycommerciallyviablesolarpowerprojectcantakeshapeinspace,Housaid.Thechallengesincludedevelopinghigh-performancecomponentswithacceptablesizesandweightsthesecannotbetoobigortooheavy—andintegratingthemintoasatellite;andalsoensuringthatthepowerbeamsreachgroundreceivingstationswithgreataccuracy,hesaid.HounotedthatthereisanurgentneedinChinatodevelopnewsourcesofcleanenergy,whicharesustainable,affordableandsecure,andcanbewidelyused,asChinahasannouncedthatitaimstopeakcarbonemissionsbefore2030andrealizecarbonneutralitybefore2060.Thepowergeneratedinthismannerwillbefreeofpollutionandlimitless,andthissourceofenergycouldalsobeusedtopoweranyspacecraftwithinitsbeamingrange.12.Whatistheadvantageofaspace-basedsolarpowerfacilityoveranearth-basedone?A.Itwillcapturethesun’senergycontinuously.B.Itwillcapturethesun’senergycheaply.C.Itwillcapturethesun’senergydirectly.D.Itwillcapturethesun’senergyconveniently.13.What’sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whythespacefacilitywillbebuilt.B.Howthespacefacilitywillwork.C.Whatpartsthespacefacilitywillconsistof.D.Whatbenefitsthespacefacilitywillbring.14.WhichwillHouprobablyagreewith?A.TheconstructionofthisspacefacilitymeansalotinChina’seffortstogogreen.B.Theconstructionofthisspacefacilitywillsoonbecomecommerciallyavailable.C.Theconstructionofthisspacefacilityfacesbothsupportandprotest.D.Theconstructionofthisspacefacilityismoreofadreamthanofareality.15.Whatisthebesttitle?A.ChinaaimingtorealizecarbonneutralitybypromotingcleanenergyB.Chinaaimingtoshineinspace-basedsolarpowertechtoboostcleanenergyC.ChinaaimingtotaketheleadinexploringsolarpowerforcleanenergyD.Chinaaimingtobecomeaspacepowerbybuildingaspace-basedfacility【答案】12.A13.B14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家和工程师在开发空间太阳能项目方面的努力和挑战。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“MultipleteamsinChinaarecurrentlyfocusedontechnologiesneededforbuildingandrunningaspace-basedsolarpowerfacility,whichwillallowthesun’senergytobecapturednonstop,somethingthatisn’tpossiblefromEarth,saidHouXinbin,aseniorresearcher.(高级研究员侯新斌说，中国的多个团队目前正专注于建设和运行天基太阳能发电设施所需的技术，该设施将允许不间断地捕获太阳能，这在地球上是不可能的)”可知，与地球上的太阳能发电设施相比，太空太阳能发电设施的优势是其可以不间断地捕获太阳能。故选A。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Aftercollectingsolarenergy,thespacefacilitywilltransformitintoelectromagneticradiation,suchasmicrowaves,andlaserbeamsandsenditwirelesslybacktotheEarth’ssurface.Receivingstationswill,thentumtheseelectromagneticwavesandlaserbeamsintoelectricityfordistributiontopowergrids(电网).(在收集太阳能后，空间设施将其转化为电磁辐射，如微波和激光束，并将其无线发送回地球表面。然后接收站将这些电磁波和激光束转换成电能，然后分配到电网)”可知，第三段主要讲述了这个空间设施是如何运作的，也就是如何将电磁波和激光束转换成电能，然后分配到电网。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“HounotedthatthereisanurgentneedinChinatodevelopnewsourcesofcleanenergy,whicharesustainable,affordableandsecure,andcanbewidelyused,asChinahasannouncedthatitaimstopeakcarbonemissionsbefore2030andrealizecarbonneutralitybefore2060.Thepowergeneratedinthismannerwillbefreeofpollutionandlimitless,andthissourceofenergycouldalsobeusedtopoweranyspacecraftwithinitsbeamingrange.(侯指出，中国迫切需要开发可持续、价格合理、安全、可广泛使用的新型清洁能源，因为中国已经宣布要在2030年前实现碳排放峰值，并在2060年前实现碳中和。以这种方式产生的能量将是无污染和无限的，这种能量来源也可以用来为其光束范围内的任何航天器提供动力)”可推知，由于中国迫切需要开发可持续、价格合理、安全、可广泛使用的新型清洁能源，因此这个太空设施的建设对中国的绿色发展意义重大。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Amidglobaleffortstoreplacefossilfuelswithcleanenergy,Chinesescientistsandengineersareworkingonabrightidea—soakingupabundantenergyfromthesunandthenbeamingitbacktoEarth.(在全球用清洁能源取代化石燃料的努力中，中国科学家和工程师正在研究一个聪明的想法——从太阳中吸收大量能量，然后将其传回地球)”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了中国科学家和工程师正在研究利用太空太阳能发电的技术，旨在推动清洁能源的发展。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EncourageYourTeenstoPlayMoreParentsaregenerallyawareoftheimportanceofplayforyoungerkids.Butwhenkidshittheteenstage,itcanbeconfusingtoknowwhatplaylookslikebecausekidsofthisagedon’tengagein“play“thewayyoungerkidsdo.Obviously,playchangesaskidsgrow.Andparentsbegintowonderwhethertheyshouldcontinuetoencouragetheirteenstoplay.___16___Playfulnessdoesn’tgoawayinchildhood;creativityisjustasimportantinadolescence.Adolescenceisatimeofrapidbraindevelopmentandself-inquiry—astagewherepeoplecanfigureoutwhotheyareandwheretheopportunitytostretchindifferentdirectionsreallybuildsintelligence.___17___Furthermore,playallowspeopletomessupandrecoverandlearnhowtodobetternexttime.___18___A2011articleintheAmericanJournalofPlayevaluatedthedeclineofplayandtheriseofmentalhealthissuesinadolescents.Itnotedthatasplaydeclined,instancesofdepression,anxiety,andsuicideincreased.Researchfoundthatplaycanhaveapositiveimpactonkids’mentalhealthbyhelpingthemtolearntomakedecisions,solveproblems,exhibitself-control,andfollowrules.HowtoEncouragePlayinTeens?Teensfeelthetensionofbeingpulledtowardadulthoodwhilealsowantingtoregress(退回)towardchildhood.___19___So,onethingadultscandoismodelvulnerability(脆弱)andplayfulness.Whenparentsarewillingtoengagewithteensinplay,itcangoalongwayinencouragingthem.___20___Therearesomanykidswhoarehighlyscheduledwithlotsofactivities,andoftenwhatkidsreallyneedisalittledowntime.A.Mentalhealthisanotherbenefitofplayforteens.B.Whenengagedinplay,teenstypicallyfeeljoyful.C.Intheend,playwilllookdifferentfromteentoteen.D.Sometimesit’sliketheyneedpermissiontobesillyagain.E.Inaddition,parentscanofferuprawmaterialsandthetimeandspacetousethem.F.Duringthisperiod,playcanhelpteensgrowanddiscoverthingsaboutthemselves.G.Actually,peopleofallagesbenefitfromplay,includingandespeciallyteenagers.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么要鼓励青少年玩耍以及如何鼓励青少年玩耍。【16题详解】根据上文“Obviously,playchangesaskidsgrow.Andparentsbegintowonderwhethertheyshouldcontinuetoencouragetheirteenstoplay.(显然，随着孩子的成长，游戏也会发生变化。父母开始考虑是否应该继续鼓励孩子玩耍)”可知，空格处介绍的应该是家长不知是否让青少年继续玩耍，G项意为“事实上，所有年龄段的人都可以从游戏中受益，尤其是青少年。”选项能够解答父母们的疑惑，选项中的“teenagers”和上文的“teens”相呼应。故选G。【17题详解】根据下文“Furthermore,playallowspeopletomessupandrecoverandlearnhowtodobetternexttime.(此外，玩耍可以让人们从错误中恢复过来，并学习下次如何做得更好)”可知，空格处介绍的应该是青少年继续玩耍的好处，F项意为“在此期间，玩耍可以帮助青少年成长并发现自己。”选项介绍了玩耍对青少年有好处，选项中的“furthermore”表示补充。故选F。【18题详解】根据下文“A2011articleintheAmericanJournalofPlayevaluatedthedeclineofplayandtheriseofmentalhealthissuesinadolescents.Itnotedthatasplaydeclined,instancesofdepression,anxiety,andsuicideincreased.Researchfoundthatplaycanhaveapositiveimpactonkids’mentalhealthbyhelpingthemtolearntomakedecisions,solveproblems,exhibitself-control,andfollowrules.(《美国游戏杂志》(AmericanJournalofPlay)2011年一篇文章评估了青少年中游戏的减少和心理健康问题的增加。报告指出，随着玩耍减少，抑郁、焦虑和自杀的情况增加。研究发现，玩耍可以通过帮助孩子学习做决定、解决问题、表现出自我控制和遵守规则，对孩子的心理健康产生积极影响)”可知，空格处介绍的应该是青少年继续玩耍对心理健康的好处，A项意为“心理健康是青少年玩耍的另一个好处。”选项和杂志文章的研究一致。故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“HowtoEncouragePlayinTeens?Teensfeelthetensionofbeingpulledtowardadulthoodwhilealsowantingtoregress(退回)towardchildhood.(如何鼓励青少年玩耍？青少年感到被拉向成年的紧张，同时也想回到童年)”可知，空格处提供的是让青少年玩耍的方法，以及下文“So,onethingadultscandoismodelvulnerability(脆弱)andplayfulness.(所以，成年人可以做的一件事就是模仿脆弱和顽皮)”D项意为“有时他们似乎需要获得许可才能再次犯傻。”，选项中的“silly”和后文的“vulnerability(脆弱)andplayfulness”相呼应。故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Whenparentsarewillingtoengagewithteensinplay,itcangoalongwayinencouragingthem.(当父母愿意和孩子一起玩耍时，这对鼓励他们会有很大的帮助)”可知，空格处介绍家长可以和青少年一起玩耍，E项意为“此外，家长可以提供原材料以及使用它们的时间和空间。”选项对前面家长可以做的事情进行了补充，选项中的“Inaddition”起到补充的作用。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LewisB.Smedesoncesaid,”Toforgiveistosetaprisonerfreeanddiscoverthattheprisonerwasyou.“ForyearsTomAnderson’slifewaswithered(枯萎)bythememoryofhis___21___inanadventurethat___22___thedeathofoneofhisclassmates.Heandhiswife___23___aftersixyearsofmarriage.ThenthenewsaboutTomAndersonchanged.HiswifeBettycameback;he___24___afineposition.Onedayhetoldmewhathadchangedhislife,”Iusedtothinknothingcould___25___whatIhaddone.Thethoughtofmy___26___wouldstopmeinthemiddleofasmile.Itputa___27___betweenmywifeandme.ThenIhadan___28___visitfromthepersonIdreaded(恐惧)mosttosee—themotherofthecollegeclassmatewhodied.‘Unlessyouforgive,youcannotlove,’shesaid.‘Andwithoutlove,lifehasno___29___.Shepaused,andthensaid___30___,Youaretheonlypersonwhohasn’tforgivenTomAnderson.’Ifoundthereinhereyes___31___tobethepersonImighthavebeenifherboyhadlived.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ifelt___32___tobeloved.”Forgivenessistruly___33___,