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PPTEnglishcoursewareforfruittreegraftingCATALOGUE目录IntroductionBasicknowledgeoffruittreegradingGradingtechniquesforfruittreesCommonproblemsandsolutionsCaseanalysisSummaryandOutlook01IntroductionFruittreegrading,includingthebasicknowledgeofgrading,gradingtechniques,gradingmanagement,andotherrelatedcontentThemeToprovidelearnerswithacomprehensiveunderstandingoffruittreegraftingtechniquesandprocesses,aswellastopromotetheapplicationanddevelopmentofgraftingtechnologyinthefruittreeindustryReasonThemeIntroductionTohelplearnersmasterthebasicknowledgeandskillsoffruittreegrading;Tocultivatelearners'innovativethinkingandabilityofindependentlearninginupgradingtechnology;Toimprovelearners'abilityinpracticaloperationandproblemsolvinginupgrading;TopromotethepopularizationandapplicationofupgradingtechnologyinthefruittreeindustryCourseobjectives02BasicknowledgeoffruittreegradingThedefinitionandpurposeofgradingGraftingisamethodofgraftingaplantbranchorbudwithexcellenttraitstoanappropriatepartofanotherplant,allowingthetwotohealandgrowtogether,therebyobtaininganewvarietywithdifferentgeneticcharacteristicsfromtheoriginalplant.DefinitionThroughgrafting,robust,stressresistant,earlyfruiting,highyield,andhigh-qualityfruittreescanbeobtained,improvingtheiradaptabilityandeconomicvalue.PurposeSimilarityThesuccessofgraftingiscloselyrelatedtothegeneticrelationshipbetweentherootstockandscion.Thecloserthekinship,thehigherthesuccessrateofgrafting.CelldivisionThekeytograftingistoactivatethecelldivisionoftherootstockandscion,sothattheycanhealandgrowtogether.HumidityandtemperatureAftergrafting,plantsneedappropriatehumidityandtemperatureconditionstohealsmoothly.TheprincipleofgradingGraftingcanpreserveandreproduceexcellentvarieties,improvethestressresistanceandadaptabilityoffruittrees,increaseyield,andimprovequality.AdvantagesGraftingoperationsarecomplexandrequireahighleveloftechnicalproficiency,andthegraftedplantsgrowslowlyandtakealongtimetobearfruit.DisadvantagesTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofupgrading03GradingtechniquesforfruittreesSelectionofScionandRootstockChoosehealthyscenesandrootstocksofcompatiblevariablesEnsurethatscenesarefreefrompestsanddiseasesPreparationbeforegradingPreparethegradingsiteRemoveweedsanddebrisfromthegradingareaDigasmallholefortherootstockPreparationbeforegradingPreparethesceneCutthescenetoasuitablelengthRemoveanyleavesorshotsfromthescenePreparationbeforegradingStep1PlacetherootstockintheholewiththesupermostbudatthesoillevelGradingoperationstepsStep2FirmlypacksoilaroundtherootstocktosecureitinplaceGradingoperationstepsStep3RemoveanyremainingleavesorshotsfromthesceneGradingoperationsteps0102GradingoperationstepsMakeaclean,smoothcutonthesceneandplaceitontopoftherootstockStep4GradingoperationstepsStep5SecurethescenetotherootstockwithgradingtapeortwinWateringWaterthegradedtreeregularlytokeepthesoilmoistManagementaftergraftingFertilizationApplyfertilizertoprovidenecessarynutrientsforgrowthManagementaftergraftingManagementaftergraftingPruningandTrainingPruneandtrainthegradedtreetoconservepropergrowthanddevelopmentVSProtectionfromPestsandReleasesMonitorthegradedtreeforpestsanddiseasesandtakeappropriatemeasurestocontrolthemManagementaftergrafting04CommonproblemsandsolutionsSolutionsEnsurepropergradingtechniquesarebeingfollowedAdvisorusingcompatiblerootstocksandsectionsProvideappropriateenvironmentalconditionsforthegradienttodriveProblem:LowgradientsurvivalrateduetoimprovetechniquesorenvironmentalconditionsSurvivalrateissuePruneandtrainthegradedtreetopromotehealthgrowthProvideequalwaterandfertilizertosupportgrowthSelectcompatiblerootstocksandscenesforgradingProblem:GradedtreesmayexperiencegrowthissuesduetoincompatibilitybetweenrootstockandsectionSolutionsGrowthissuesDiseaseandpestissuesRegularlyinspectgradedtreesforsignsofdiseaseandpestinfectionSolutionsProblem:GradedtreesmaybesuitabletodiseasesandpestsduetoincompatibilitybetweenrootstockanddiseaseApplypreventivemeasuressuchascriteriaorculturalpracticestoreducetheriskofinfectionRemoveanddestroyaffectedorinfectedplantmaterialtopreventspread05CaseanalysisGradingTechniques:Cleftshifting:ThismethodinvolvesmakingasharpcutintothetrunkoftherootstockandinsertingthesectionintothecutThebaristhenwrappedaroundthejoinwithgradingtapeWhipshifting:AWhipshiftingiscreatedbymakingastraightcutonboththerootstockandsectionTheCambridgelayersarethenalignedandheldinplacewithtapeBudshifting:BudshiftinginvolvestakingabugfromaselectedsectionandinsertingitintoapreparedslideintherootstockThebudisthencoveredwithgraftingwaxtopreventmoisturelossGradingofAppleTreesImportanceofGrading:Gradingisessentialforeachtreepromotionasitensuresthetransferofdesiredcharacteristics,suchasdiseaseresistanceandfruitquality,fromthescenetotherootstockTechniques:Chipshifting:Thistechniqueinvolvestakingasmallpieceofscionwood,about1cmlongand2-3mmthick,fromthedesiredvarietyItistheninsertedintoapreparedslideintherootstockandwrappedwithgradingtapeSuckerorcleanshifting:Acleanismadeintherootstock,andasectionthathasbeencuttofitintothecleanisinsertedTheCambridgelayersarethenalignedandwrappedwithtape0102030405GradingofPeachTrees01Citrusgraftingtechniques:02Suckergrading:ThismethodinvolvestakingasuckerfromaselectedcitrustreeandinsertingitintoapreparedslideintherootstockTheCambridgelayersarethenwrappedwithtapetosecurethegrade03Limbgrading:Inthistechnique,alimbfromaselectedcitrustreeisgradedontothetrunkoftherootstockTheCambridgelayersarealignedandheldinplacewithtape,andthenwrappedwithgradingtapeGradingofcitrusfruits06SummaryandOutlookThiscoursewareintroducesthebasicknowledgeoffruittreegrading,includinggradingtechniques,gradingmaterials,gradingseasons,andotherrelevantinformationThecoursewarealsoprovidespracticalexamplesandcasestudiestohelplearnersbetterunderstandtheupgradingprocessanditsapplicationsinthefieldoffruittreecultivationLearnerscangainasystematicunderstandingoffruittreegradingthroughthiscourse,

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