小儿营养需求及母乳喂养课件

Normalchildhoodnutrition

正常小儿营养

汕头大学医学院第二附属医院儿科李伟中4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Nutritionalrequirements

营养需要Asatisfactorydietaryintakeshouldmeetthenormalrequirementsofthefollowing下列是良好的饮食摄入的正常需求量Energy能量Lipids

脂类Carbohydrate碳水化合物Protein蛋白质4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Nutritionalrequirements

营养需要Asatisfactorydietaryintakeshouldmeetthenormalrequirementsofthefollowing下列是良好的饮食摄入的正常需求量：Vitamin维生素Macroelement常量元素Traceelements微量元素Water水mealfiber膳食纤维4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Energy

能量Themajordeterminantsofenergyexpenditure:

能量消耗的主要决定因素Basicmetabolism基础代谢Thermiceffectoffood食物热力作用Physicalactivity活动消耗Excreta排泄消耗Growth生长所需4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Energyexpenditure

能量消耗4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Totalenergyneed

总能量需要<1y100~120(average110)Kcal/kg/d1~3y100Kcal/kg/d15y50~60Kcal/kg/d4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养DistributionofCalories

热卡分布Protein蛋白质Lipid脂肪Carbohydrate碳水化合物15%35%50%(4Kcal/g)(9Kcal/g)(4Kcal/g)4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Infantfeeding

婴儿喂养Incorrect,inadequateand/oroverfeedingcanallbeharmful.

错误的喂养方式、喂养不足、过度喂养都是有害FormsofFeeding喂养方式

:ⅰ.BreastFeeding母乳喂养ⅱ.Bottle/ArtificialFeeding人工喂养ⅲ.AdditionofSolids添加辅食4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Breastfeeding

母乳喂养Thisisthepreferredmethodformostinfants.Ingeneral,thereisnodoubtthat

breastisbest.母乳喂养是大多数婴儿的首选，母乳无疑是最好食物4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Breastfeeding

母乳喂养Breastfeedinginearlyinfancymaybelife-savingindevelopingcountries,andissubjecttofashionandcustomindevelopedcountries.在发展中国家，母乳是婴儿早期救命的食物在发达国家，母乳喂养容易受到流行时尚与习惯的影响4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Advantagesofbreastfeeding母乳喂养的优点QualityAnti-infectivepropertiessecretoryIgA,lysozyme,phagocyticcells,lactoferrin(irron-bindingagent),promotesgrowthofnon-pathogenicflora特点

抗感染特性：分泌型IgA、溶菌酶、乳铁蛋白（铁螯合能力）、促进非致病菌生长4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Advantagesofbreastfeeding母乳喂养的优点QualityBetternutritionalqualitiesEasilydigestedproteinLowrenalsoluteloadAfavourablecalciumtophosphateratio营养更丰富：蛋白质容易消化（β酪蛋白、乳清蛋白）肾脏溶质负荷低适当的钙磷比例

4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Advantagesofbreastfeeding母乳喂养的优点Emotionalifsuccessful,promotesmaternal-infantbonding促进母婴感情Reductionofthemortalityrate降低死亡率4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Advantagesofbreastfeeding母乳喂养的优点Reductionintheriskofmaternalbreastcancer减少母亲乳腺癌风险Economy,convenience,temperaturepropriety经济、方便、温度适宜4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Disadvantagesofbreastfeeding母乳喂养缺点Volumeofintakeuncertain摄入量不确定Transmissionofdrugs,e.g.laxatives,anticoagulants,antineoplastics药物通过如泻药、抗凝血药、抗肿瘤药4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养Disadvantagesofbreastfeeding母乳喂养缺点Nutrientdeficiencies某些营养素缺乏InsufficientvitaminKtopreventhaemorrhagicdiseaseofthenewbornvitk缺乏导致新生儿出血症VitaminDdeficiency(rickerts)mayoccurifthereisprolongedbreast-feedinganddelayedweaning如果延长母乳喂养和断奶可引起vitD缺乏Emotionafailuretoestablishbreastfeedingmaybeacauseofemotionalupset母乳喂养失败可能导致情绪失常4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养FeedingMethods

喂饲方法Startfeedingwithin30minafterdelivery出生后30分钟开始mother-babyinthesameroom,feedondemand,butnotmorefrequentthan3hourly母婴同室、按需哺乳开始1—3小时1次、过度到3-4小时1次，4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养FeedingMethods

喂饲方法Feedonbothbreasts,tostimulatethemilkproduction双侧乳房哺乳促进乳汁分泌4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养FeedingMethods

喂饲方法putnippleandmostofthemammaryareolaintobaby’smouth将乳头和大部分乳晕置入婴儿口中，4小儿营养需求及母乳喂养FeedingMethods

喂饲方法Afterfeedi