2024年初中英语语法精讲：倒装句讲义

PAGE5PAGE表示地点的副词here,there置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词)时表示时间、方向的副词或介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词)时作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such置于句首时“only+状语”置于句首,主句需要部分倒装具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含否定词的介词短语置于句首作状语时“so或neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”表示“……也/也不”so/such...that...句型以had/were/should开头省略if的虚拟条件句形式倒装感叹句themore...themore...句型whatever或however引导的让步状语从句as/though引导的让步状语从句考点一倒装句一、完全倒装(FullInversion)谓语部分完全放在主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。1.副词、介词短语类:①表示地点的副词here,there置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词),需用完全倒装,其形式为:There/Here+谓语+主语。常用于此句型的谓语动词为be,go,come,exist,follow,remain,lie等,时态要用一般现在时。Theregoesthelastbus.末班公共汽车开走了。Hereistheaddressofyourhotel.这里就是你宾馆的地址。Theregoesthebellforbreak.下课铃响了。Hereyouare.给你。(代词作主语,不倒装)②表示时间的副词(如:now,then等)、运动方向的副词(如:out,in,up,down,away等)及表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词),需用完全倒装,其形式为:副词或介词短语+谓语+主语。常用于此句型的谓语动词为come,fall,follow,exist,lie,go,remain,run等,时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。Nowcomesyourturn!现在该你了!Upwentthearrowintotheair.箭直射向空中。Underthetablesleepsawhitecat.在桌子下面睡着一只白色的猫。Behindthecounterhestood.他站在柜台后面。(代词作主语,不倒装)2.表语类:为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分等,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such置于句首时,需用完全倒装,其形式为:形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语/such+be+主语。Happyarethosewhoarecontented.知足者常乐。Growingalloverthemountainarewildflowers.漫山遍野长满了野花。Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.席地而坐的是一群年轻人。Insidetheparcelwasaletter.包裹里有封信。Suchwerehiswords.(=Suchwaswhathesaid.)这就是他说的话。二、部分倒装(PartialInversion)把be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有下面几种:1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。使用特点:(1)在部分倒装句中,如果谓语部分无助动词,则需找助动词来“帮助”构成倒装句。(x)Onlyafterthewarlearnedhethesadnews.(√)Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.只是在战后他才得知那个不幸的消息。(2)only修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装,主句倒装。(x)Onlywhendidhereturnwefoundoutthetruth.(√)Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.只是当他回来的时候,我们才查明了真相。(3)only修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。(x)Onlycanheanswerthequestion.(√)Onlyhecananswerthequestion.只有他能回答这个问题。3.六个重要的固定句型:(1)“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也是如此”。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友,那些身有残疾的人也是如此。使用特点:①此句型也可写成“itis/wasthesamewith...”或“soitis/waswith...”。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;itisthesamewiththosewithdisabilities.soitiswiththosewithdisabilities.②如果仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed),那么,句子不可使用倒装。试比较:A:Iwasafraid.(I指的是A)B:SowasI.(I指的是B,此句意为:Iwasafraid,too.)A:我害怕。B:我也是。A:Iwasafraid.(I指的是A)B:Soyouwere.(you指的也是A。此句意为:Indeedyouwereafraid.)A:我害怕。B:你就是这样。(2)“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也不这样”。Lilycan'trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.莉莉不会骑自行车,露西也不会。使用特点:①此句型也可写成“itis/wasthesamewith...”或“soitis/waswith...”。Lilycan'trideabicycle;itisthesamewithLucy.soitiswithLucy.②此句型中的neither/nor不可用so...not替代,但可用not...either改写。(x)Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Sohasn'the.(√)Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neither/Norhashe.(√)Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Hehasnever/notbeenabroad,either.我没出过国。他也没有。(3)如此……以至于……So+adj./adv....that...Such+(a/an+)adj.+n....that...SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.他说英语说得如此清晰,以至于别人都能听得懂。Suchaninterestingbookdoeshehavethatweallwanttoreadit.他有一本如此有趣的书,以至于我们都想读。使用特点:在这个句型中,so,such后面的句子要倒装,而that引导的从句不倒装。(4)Neither...,nor...意为“……不……,……也不……”。NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.我不知道这件事,也不关心。使用特点:由于neither和nor都是否定词,所以它们后面的句子均需倒装。(5)Notonly...butalso...意为“不仅……而且……”Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助,而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。使用特点:此句型也可写成Notonly...but...或Notonly...but...aswell的形式,但but(also)连接的句子必需用正常语序。(6)Notuntil...意为“直到……才……”。Notuntil4:00inthemorningcouldhefallasleep.直到早晨4点他才睡着。Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。但是:Notuntildidhereturnwehadsupper.(x)使用特点:notuntil引导的是从句时,until从句的主谓不可倒装,只是主句需要倒装。题组训练单句填空④Janewon'tjoinusfordinnertonightandTomwon'teither.⑤Notuntilhelefthishomedidhebegintoknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.三、形式倒装(FormalInversion)形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是:只把强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多,但有几个重要的句型需要特别注意:1.感叹句Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀!Howinterestingtheirtalkis!他们的谈话多么有趣呀!使用特点:对名词(或中心词是名词)感叹时,用what引出;对形容词或副词感叹时,用how引出。2.themore...,themore...句型ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.你听英语听得越多,它就变得越简单。使用特点:(1)此句型中的more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级,要灵活使用。Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你学习越努力,取得的进步就越大。(2)此句型中的第一个themore引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句;第二个themore引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以,上面例句的意思实质上就是:Ifyouworkharder,youwillmakegreaterprogress.3.however,whatever引导的让步状语从句(1)“however+adj./adv.”引导的让步状语从句Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.无论这个问题可能会有多难,今晚我们必须解决它。(2)“whatever+n.”引导的让步状语从句Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.无论你有什么理由,你都应当履行诺言。4.as,though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况(1)表语的倒装Tiredas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.尽管很累,他还是继续工作。Strangeas/thoughitseems,itistrue.尽管看上去奇怪,这事却是真的。Exhaustedas/thoughshewas,shewasn'tabletosleep.尽管筋疲力尽,但她还是睡不着觉。注意:如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语,不再用冠词。Youngestas/thoughheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishbest.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的,但他英语说得最好。(2)谓语动词的倒装Tryashemight,hedidn'tpasstheexam.尽管很用功,但他考试还是不及格。Searchastheywouldhereandthere,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.尽管到处寻找,但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。注意:行为动词前置时,从句主语后面要用may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词,若没有情态动词,则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词,则其宾语也随其后一并提前。Changeyourmindas/thoughyoudo,youwillgetnohelpfromus.即使你改变主意,你也得不到我们的帮助。(3)状语的倒装Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn'twanttobuyit.虽然他很喜欢那辆自行车,但他不想买它。HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.我虽然学习努力,但还是赶不上他们。四、部分倒装1.常见考点:由否定词或否定短语引起的倒装：hardly,seldom,barely,scarcely,little,few,never,nowhere,not,bynomeans,innocase,innoway,onnoaccount,onnoconsideration,undernocircumstance,innotime,neverbefore.Ihaveneverfoundhiminsuchagoodmood.NeverhaveIfoundhiminsuchagoodmood.2.第二大考点:句型把下列句子改成倒装句一……就……,刚……就……1.Hehadhardly/Barely/scarcelyarrivedatthestationwhenthetrainbegantoleave._____________________________________________(Hardly/Barely/scarcelyhadhearrivedatthestationwhenthetrainbegantoleave.)2.Shehadgonenosoonerthanthetelephonerang._____________________________________________(Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanthetelephonerang.)B)Notonly…but(also)…3.Heisnotonlyafirst-classball-player,butheis（also）goodatchess._____________________________________________(Notonlyisheafirst-classball-player,butheis(also)goodatchess.)C)Notuntil4.Theteacherdidn’tcameuntilhefinishhishomework.（until从句不倒装，主句主谓倒装）_____________________________________________(Notuntiltheteachercameindidhefinishhishomework.)Itwasnotuntiltheteachercamethathefinishedhishomework.强调句不可倒装D)only句型Only+时间副词，介词短语，状语从句+倒装句式5.Wecansucceedineverythingonlybyworkinghard.___________________________（Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceedineverything.）6.Hewasabletoescapeonlywithagreatdealofefforts________________________________(Onlywithagreatdealofeffortswasheabletoescape.)7.Irealizedwhattroublehewasinonlywhenhetoldme._________________________________(OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.)OnlyWangLingknowsthis.注意：此处only修饰的是主语而不是状语，所以不用倒装。E)so/such+其他成分：部分倒装so/such+表语：完全9.Lighttravelssofastthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.________________________________________(sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.)10.Helikeshisjobsomuchthathewouldnotstopworkingevenafterhewasseventy-five.________________________________________(Somuchdoeshelikehisjobthathewouldnotstopworkingevenafterhewasseventy-five.)F)让步状语从句adj.(单数不加冠词)+though/as+主语+谓语分词v.Adv.12.Thoughitmayseemstrange,thetallestboyistheyoungest.__________________________________________(Strangethoughitmayseem,thetallestboyistheyoungest.)13.Ashewassurroundedbytheenemy,hewasnotafraid.__________________________________________(Surroundedbytheenemyashewas,hewasnotafraid.)Althoughsheisawoman,sheiscourageous.(Although引导的让步状语从句不可倒装)G)宾语从句为直接引语的句子“Let’sgo,”saidtheman.“Let’sgo,”hesaid,当主语是代词时不倒装。H）用于某些表示祝愿的句子Mayyousucceed!Mayhelivetoregretthisdecision.课堂精练I.Translation1）在线预订出租车虽然很时尚，但许多相关问题尚待解决。(as)___________________________________________________2）只有当我们将计划付诸实践，我们才有可能会成功。(Only)___________________________________________________3）只有设定明确的人生目标并为之不遗余力地奋斗，才能实现你成为有用之才的梦想。(Only)___________________________________________________4）运动能增强我的体质，也能让我释放学习压力。(Notonly)___________________________________________________5）她的内心深处一直存着一个疑惑，她可能是18年前被父母领养的。(Inthedepth)___________________________________________________【Keys】:1.Fashionableasbookingataxionlineis,manyrelatedproblemsremaintobesettled/solved.2.Onlywhenweputourplanintopracticearewelikelytobesuccessful.Onlywhenweputourplanintopracticecanwepossiblyachievesuccess.3.Onlybysettingcleargoals/aimsinlifeandsparingnoeffort/makingeveryefforttoworkonit/andworkingonitwithalleffortscanyourealizeyourdreamofbeingausefulperson/makeyourdreamofbeingausefulpersoncometrue.4.Notonlycansports/takingexercising/excisingbuildupmybody(health)/strengthen/improvemyfitnessbutalso