外科总论和各论知到智慧树章节测试课后答案2024年秋吉林大学

外科总论和各论知到智慧树章节测试课后答案2024年秋吉林大学第一章单元测试

Hypokalemiagenerallydoesnotmanifestas（）

A:feelsickandvomitB:DecreasedtendonreflexesC:UwavesontheECGD:alkalosisE:alkalineurine

答案:alkalineurinePatientswithmetabolicacidosisgenerallydonotpresentwith（）

A:ketone-smellingbreathB:facialflushingC:UrineisneutralD:takedeepandfastbreathsE:increasedheartrate

答案:UrineisneutralSituationswherepotassiumchlorideshouldnotbesupplementedinmetabolicacidosisis（）

A:UrineisalkalineB:UrineisacidicC:Urineoutputlessthan30ml/hD:Urineoutputexceeds60ml/hE:Decreasedpotassiumlevelsinurine

答案:Urineoutputlessthan30ml/hThecorrectdailyamountofwaterandelectrolytesupplementationforfastingandwater-freeadultpatientsis（）

A:Water1500～2000ml,sodium4g,potassiumchloride2gB:Water1500～2000ml,sodium3g,potassiumchloride2gC:Water2000～2500ml,sodium10g,potassiumchloride5gD:Water3000～3500ml,sodium5g,potassiumchloride3gE:Water2000～2500ml,sodium5g,potassiumchloride4g

答案:Water2000～2500ml,sodium5g,potassiumchloride4gThemainorganthatmaintainsfluidbalanceinthebodyis（）

A:kidneyB:lungC:buffersystemD:skinE:liver

答案:kidneyElectrolytedisturbancesassociatedwithmetabolicalkalosisare（）

A:HypernatremiaB:MagnesiumdeficiencyC:HypercalcemiaD:HyperkalemiaE:Hypokalemia

答案:HypokalemiaHypokalemicalkalosisoftenoccursin（）

A:bloodtransfusionB:UremiaC:crushtraumaD:postoperativeoliguriaE:Gastrointestinaldecompression

答案:GastrointestinaldecompressionInpatientswithhypokalemia,iftheconditiondoesnotimproveafterpotassiumsupplementation,thefirstconsiderationshouldbelackof（）

A:sodiumB:ChlorineC:calciumD:MagnesiumE:Phosphorus

答案:MagnesiumThefalseclinicalpresentationofhypokalemiais（）

A:AcidicurineinalkalosisB:typicalECGchangesC:MyastheniaistheearliestclinicalmanifestationD:OftencoexistswithmagnesiumdeficiencyE:Polyuriacanoccurinseverecases

答案:typicalECGchangesMale,45yearsold.Abdominaldistentionandvomitingforhalfayear,morethanintheafternoon,spitoutovernightfood,vomitislarge,Comfortableaftervomiting,duetoprolongedvomiting,inadditiontodehydration,itwillcause（）

A:hypochloremichyperkalemicalkalosisB:hypochloremicacidosisC:hypokalemicalkalosisD:HypochloremichyperkalemicacidosisE:hypokalemicacidosis

答案:hypokalemicalkalosisFemale,45yearsold.Forpyloricobstruction,continuousgastrointestinaldecompressionformorethanhalfamonth,dailysupplementof10%glucose2500ml,5%dextrosesaline1000ml,10%potassiumchloride30ml.Fullabdominaldistension,notendernessandnausea,started2daysagoTippingpain,disappearanceofbowelsounds,dailyurineoutputofabout1500ml,themostlikelycauseis（）

A:hyponatremiaB:hypocalcemiaC:HypernatremiaD:HyperkalemiaE:Hypokalemia

答案:HypokalemiaTheidealfluidforhypertonicdehydrationis（）

A:BalancedSaltSolutionB:5%sodiumbicarbonatesolutionC:0.45%sodiumchloridesolutionD:10%glucosesolutionE:0.9%sodiumchloridesolution

答案:0.45%sodiumchloridesolution（）ofextracellularfluidinadultbodyweight

A:40%B:25%C:20%D:30%E:35%

答案:20%Male,35yearsold,miner.Weight60kg.Trappedundergroundfor8days,hewasthirstyandmanicafterbeingrescued,hisweightdroppedto55kg,andhisserumsodiumwas155mmol/L.Heshouldbeinitiallydiagnosedas（）

A:severedehydrationB:moderatedehydrationC:hypotonicwaterdeficitD:milddehydrationE:isotonicwaterdeficit

答案:severedehydrationThecommonfeatureofalltypesofshockisthat（）

A:InsufficientmicrocirculationperfusionB:DecreasedurineoutputC:bloodpressuredropD:DecreasedcentralvenouspressureE:Decreasedpulsepressure

答案:InsufficientmicrocirculationperfusionTheperformanceofshockcompensationperiodis（）

A:Slightlyhigherbloodpressure,fasterpulse,nochangeinpulsepressureB:slightlylowerbloodpressure,fasterpulse,smallerpulsepressureC:bloodpressuredecreasesslightly,pulseandpulsepressurearenormalD:slightlyhigherbloodpressure,fasterpulse,smallerpulsecompressionE:Bloodpressurerisesslightly,pulseandpulsepressurearenormal.

答案:slightlyhigherbloodpressure,fasterpulse,smallerpulsecompressionThemostsimpleandeffectiveindextoreflectthetissueperfusionvolumeofshockpatientsis（）

A:consciousnessB:limbtemperatureC:urinevolumeD:BloodpressureE:pulse

答案:urinevolumeShockpatientswithlowbloodpressureandnormalcentralvenouspressureshouldbegivena（）

A:CardiotonicsB:alotofcorticosteroidsC:vasoconstrictorsD:vasodilatorsE:diuretics

答案:CardiotonicsItshouldbethefirstchoicetosupplementbloodvolumeforshockpatients（）

A:WholebloodB:lowmoleculardextranC:plasmaD:balancedsaltsolutionE:5%glucosesolution

答案:balancedsaltsolutionThekeytotreatingshockis（）

A:Correctacid-baseimbalanceB:maintainimportantorganfunctionsC:supplementbloodvolumeD:applyvasoactivedrugsE:applyadrenocorticalhormone

答案:supplementbloodvolumeVasodilatoramustbeusedintheprocessofantishock（）

A:useincombinationwithvasoconstrictorB:continuousintravenousdripC:assoonaspossibleD:Aftersupplementingthebloodvolume,E:largedose

答案:Aftersupplementingthebloodvolume,Thebloodpressureandcentralvenouspressureofshockpatientsarelow,indicating（）

A:relativelyexcessivebloodvolumeB:excessivevasoconstrictionC:cardiacinsufficiencyD:relativelyinsufficientbloodvolumeE:Seriousinsufficientbloodvolume

答案:SeriousinsufficientbloodvolumeWhataretheindicatorsreflectingthecriticalconditionofshockpatients（）

A:finepulsespeed120times/minB:Systolicbloodpressureislowerthan10.7kpa(80mmHg)C:highfeverD:ApathyE:multiplepetechiaeandecchymosisspotsappearontheskin

答案:multiplepetechiaeandecchymosisspotsappearontheskinFemale,nervous,irritable,pale,reducedurineoutputandlowpulsepressure.Shouldbegivenfirst（）

A:diureticB:VasoconstrictorC:cardiotonicD:vasodilatorE:intravenousrehydration

答案:intravenousrehydrationMale,afterseveretrauma,lowbloodpressure,rapidpulse,palecomplexion,diagnosedasshock.Whatshouldbepaidattentiontowhentreating（）

A:timelyuseofmannitolB:toxicityofdrugstovariousorgansC:rapidexpansionofbloodvolumeD:avoidanceofvasoconstrictorsE:Occurrenceofacuterenalfailure

答案:OccurrenceofacuterenalfailureMale,post-traumatichemorrhage,irritability,clammyextremities,pulse105beats/min,lowpulsepressure.shouldbeconsideredas（）

A:EarlystageofshockB:noshockC:IntermediateshockD:DICformationE:Lateshock

答案:Earlystageofshockfemale.Forvolumeexpansiontherapyduetoshock,duringrapidinfusion,thecentralvenouspressureis1.47kPa(15cmH2O)BP10.7/8kPa(80/60mmHg).Themeasuretobetakenis（）

A:SlowtheinfusionandaddinotropesB:withvasopressorsC:ControlthespeedandslowdowntheinfusionD:SuspendtheinfusionE:Massinfusiontospeedupthespeed

答案:SlowtheinfusionandaddinotropesMale,centralvenouspressure0.98kPa(10cmH2O),BP10.7/8kPa(80/60mmHg),afterrapidinstillationof250mlnormalsaline,centralvenouspressurewas1.47kPa(15cmH2O),BPwasstill10.7/8kPa(80/60mmHg).promptthepatient（）

A:severehypovolemiaB:mildhypovolemiaC:volumevasoconstrictionD:hypervolemiaE:cardiacinsufficiency

答案:cardiacinsufficiencyThestageofclinicalshockisequivalenttothestageofpathophysiologyofshock（）

A:MicrocirculationfailurestageB:MicrocirculationcompensationperiodC:MicrocirculationexpansionperiodD:NormalmicrocirculationE:Microcirculatoryspasm

答案:MicrocirculationexpansionperiodObservetheurinevolumeofshockpatients,indicatingthattheminimumsuitablefortissueperfusionis（）

A:40ml/hB:30ml/hC:50ml/hD:20ml/hE:0ml/h

答案:30ml/hWhatshouldbethefirstchoicetosupplementbloodvolumeinhemorrhagicshock（）

A:LowmoleculardextranB:EquilibriumsaltsolutionC:5%sodiumbicarbonateD:10%glucosesolutionE:Wholeblood

答案:EquilibriumsaltsolutionWhatmustbedonewithvasodilatorsinshock（）

A:BloodvolumesupplementB:AlternatewithvasoconstrictorsC:NormalcardiacfunctionD:Diastolicbloodpressurenotlessthan60mmhgE:Shrinkagepressure90mmHg

答案:BloodvolumesupplementWithregardtothecareofshockpatients,thefollowingisincorrect（）

A:RecordincomingandoutgoingvolumeB:ObservevitalsignsC:EstablishunobstructedvenouschannelsD:VasoconstrictorsweregivenroutinelyE:Routineoxygensupply

答案:VasoconstrictorsweregivenroutinelyInordertoincreaseplasmaosmoticpressureandcirculatingbloodvolume,thesolutiontobeselectedis（）

A:10%glucosesolutionB:5%sodiumbicarbonateC:0.9%normalsalineD:5%glucoseE:Lowmoleculardextran

答案:LowmoleculardextranMalepatient,45yearsold,duodenalulcer,suddenmassivevomiting,about700mlofblood,irritability,palecomplexion,wetandcoldskin,BP104/90mmHg,P102times/minute,whichbelongsto（）

A:ShockstageB:CollapseC:EarlyshockD:NoshockoccurredE:Lateshock

答案:EarlyshockAshockpatienthasdyspneaandcyanosis,nochangeinoxygensupply,andPaO2continuestodecreaseto51mmhg.Itisnecessarytotakethecorrectmeasures（）

A:OxygensupplywithoutpositiveexpiratorypressureB:SufficientvolumeexpansiontospeedupinfusionC:ApplicationofpressorD:ContinuousinhalationofpureoxygenE:Theinfusionismainlycolloidalsolution

答案:OxygensupplywithoutpositiveexpiratorypressureThepatient,male,40yearsold,isinsepticshockandisundergoingrapidinfusion.CVP(centralvenouspressure)18cmh2o,BP80/60mmhgandurinevolume20ml/haremonitored.Whatshouldbedone（）

A:SlowdowntheinfusionandgivecardiotonicB:SlowinfusionC:AcceleratedinfusionD:InfusionattheoriginalspeedplusdiureticsE:Maintainthestatusquo

答案:Slowdowntheinfusionandgivecardiotonicintheearlystageofhypovolemicshock,themostvulnerableorganis（）

A:LiverB:KidneyC:HeartD:LungsE:Spleen

答案:KidneyOliguriaintheearlystageofshockisdueto（）

A:AcuterenalfailurewithdysfunctionandtubularnecrosisB:RenalfailureC:PostrenalrenalfailureD:OrganicrenalfailureE:Prerenalrenalfailure

答案:PrerenalrenalfailureIschemiaandhypoxiaoftissuecellsduringshockwillinevitablyleadto（）

A:MetabolicalkalosisB:HypercapniaC:RespiratoryalkalosisD:KetonebodyaccumulationE:Lacticacidaccumulation

答案:Lacticacidaccumulationthemostcommoncauseofsepticshockis（）

A:SpirocheteB:VirusC:GramnegativebacteriaD:FungiE:Grampositivebacteria

答案:GramnegativebacteriaThecharacteristicsofarterialbloodpressurechangesintheearlystageofshockare（）

A:ReduceB:RiseC:ThechangeisnotobviousD:FirstdownandthenupE:Firstupandthendown

答案:ThechangeisnotobviousTheoccurrenceofheartfailureduringshockisnotrelatedtowhichofthefollowingmechanisms（）

A:MultipletoxicfactorsinhibitmyocardiumB:DecreasedcoronarybloodflowC:IncreasedmyocardialoxygenconsumptionD:FrontloadincreaseE:Acidosisandhyperkalemiainhibitmyocardium

答案:FrontloadincreaseFemale,50yearsold.Hewasadmittedtohospitalfor5daysofrepeatedvomiting.Serumsodium118mmol/L,pulse120beats/min,bloodPressure70/50mmHg.shouldbediagnosedas（）

A:severedehydrationB:moderatedehydrationC:mildsodiumdeficiencyD:moderatesodiumdeficiencyE:severesodiumdeficiency

答案:severesodiumdeficiencyTherateofpotassiumsupplementationshouldgenerallynotexceed（）perhour

A:30mmolB:40mmolC:20mmolD:50mmolE:10mmol

答案:20mmolHypotonicdehydrationmainlyrefersto（）

A:lowbloodpotassiumB:lowbloodphosphorusC:lowbloodmagnesiumD:lowbloodcalciumE:lowbloodsodium

答案:lowbloodsodiumThedetectionvalueofserumpotassiuminpatientswithintestinalobstructionis2.9mmol/L,whichisgenerallynotclinicallymanifestedas（）

A:paleskinB:bitterC:ParadoxicalaciduriaD:WeaknessoflimbsE:STsegmentdecline

答案:paleskinWhichofthefollowingisnotsurgicalinfection（）

A:CLABSIsB:SSIC:UrinarytractinfectionD:TB

答案:TBWhichofthefollowingisacommonhostfactorforsurgicalinfection（）

A:PhysicalexercisehabitB:MentalstatusC:DMD:Gender

答案:DMWhichofthefollowingisnotacommonetiologyforpostoperativefever（）

A:AtelectasisB:HypoglycemiaC:UTID:SSI

答案:Hypoglycemia

第二章单元测试

TheGSCscoreforpatientswithconcussionusuallyis?（）

A:13-15B:3-8C:5-8D:8-10

答案:13-15Whichofthefollowingisincorrectaboutconcussion?（）

A:OccursinstantlyfollowingtheinjuryB:TheconventionalheadCTscanisusuallynormalC:TheneurologicalfunctionimpairmentisusuallyreversibleD:Thelossofconsciousnessisusuallyshorterthan60min

答案:Thelossofconsciousnessisusuallyshorterthan60minWhichofthefollowingisincorrectaboutconcussion?（）

A:Amnesiacouldbelongerthan24hB:Amnesiaisusuallyshorterthan24hC:ConcussionpatientscouldhaveanterogradeamnesiaD:Theamnesiaexperiencedbypatientsareallretrograde

答案:TheamnesiaexperiencedbypatientsareallretrogradeWhichofthefollowingisnotrelatedtoconcussion?（）

A:InsomniaB:BlurryvisionC:LimbparalysisD:Headache

答案:LimbparalysisWhichofthefollowingisincorrectaboutpost-concussionsyndrome?（）

A:Occursinabout10-15%ofpatients.B:Takesplace3daysaftertheinjuryC:MedicationcouldalleviatecertainsymptomsD:Patientscouldhavesymptomsofirritability,dizzinessandfatigue

答案:Takesplace3daysaftertheinjuryThedefinitionofprolongedpost-concussionsyndromeiswhenthesymptomslastlongerthan?（）

A:6MonthsB:1MonthC:12monthsD:3months

答案:12monthsWhichofthefollowingisnotacommonetiologyofconcussion（）

A:CrushinjuryB:SportC:FallD:Caraccident

答案:CrushinjuryWhichofthefollowingimagingstudyismostcommonlyusedwhenapatientissuspectedwithconcussion?（）

A:CTB:PETC:X-rayD:MRI

答案:CTWhatisthemostcommonlyusedmethodforthedefinitivediagnosisofdiffuseaxonalinjury？（）

A:β-AmyloidPrecursorProteinimmunostainingB:electroencephalogramC:CTD:MRI

答案:β-AmyloidPrecursorProteinimmunostainingDiffuseaxonalinjuryiscommonlyencounteredin?（）

A:AccelerationinjuryB:DecelerationinjuryC:WhiplashinjuryD:Crushinjury

答案:WhiplashinjuryThepathologyofdiffuseaxonalinjuryis?（）

A:BandCB:demyelinationC:PrimaryaxotomyD:Secondaryaxotomy

答案:BandCWhichofthefollowingisnotthesusceptiblelocationfordiffuseaxonalinjury?（）

A:CoronaradiateB:BrainstemC:CorpuscallosumD:Precentralgyrus

答案:PrecentralgyrusWhichofthefollowingisnotacommonfeatureofdiffuseaxonalinjury（）

A:PersistentcomaB:VegetativestageC:SeizureD:Usuallyconcurrentwithcerebralcontusion

答案:SeizureWhatisseverediffuseaxonalinjurybasedonclinicalseverity（）

A:comaofmorethan48hourswithoutdecerebrateposturingB:comaof24to48hours’durationC:comaofmorethan48hourswithdecerebrateposturingorflaccidityD:comaofmorethan24hourswithdecerebrateposturingorflaccidity

答案:comaofmorethan24hourswithdecerebrateposturingorflaccidityWhichofthefollowingisnotthecommonclinicalmanifestationofcerebralcontusionandlaceration?（）

A:VitalsignchangesB:focalneuraldeficitC:NormalCSFroutineD:Post-operativecomausuallylastlongerthan30min

答案:NormalCSFroutineWhichfollowingportionofthebrainismostlikelytobeinjuredduringcontra-coupcontusion?（）

A:BrainstemB:OccipitallobeC:CerebellumD:Frontallobe

答案:FrontallobeWhatisthemostappropriatemanagementforacontusionpatientwithpupilsizeL=4mm:R=2mm,negativelightreflexontheleftandstablevitalsigns?（）

A:decompressionwithlumbarpunctureB:EmergencysurgeryC:BedrestD:Medication

答案:EmergencysurgeryWhichofthefollowingisusedtodetectearlyorsmallcorticalcontusion（）

A:MRIB:PET-CTC:CTD:X-ray

答案:MRIWhichofthefollowingcontusionshavesimilarbiomechanicalmechanismwithdiffuseaxonalinjuryandconcussion?（）

A:CoupcontusionB:FracturecontusionC:GlidingContusionD:contra-coupcontusion

答案:GlidingContusionWhichofthefollowingisnotthecommonsecondaryeventsfollowingcerebralcontusion?（）

A:VasogenicedemaB:Cellcyclechanges\C:IschemicnecrosisD:Inflammatoryresponse

答案:Cellcyclechanges\Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytorecoverspontaneously?（）

A:ContusionofcerebellumB:ContusionoftheprecentralgyrusC:ContusionofbrainstemD:Contusionofhypothalamus

答案:ContusionofcerebellumWhatisthemostimportantmanagementwhenaconsciouscontusionpatientfallintoprogressivedeclineinconsciousnesslevel?（）

A:EmergentsurgeryB:CTscanC:IntravenousmannitolD:Lumbarpuncture

答案:CTscanWhichofthefollowingisnotacommonsurgicalinterventionforthetreatmentofcontusion?（）

A:DecompressivecraniectomyB:EVDC:ThirdventriculostomyD:Evacuationofhematomas

答案:ThirdventriculostomyInwhichofthefollowing,surgeryisnotconsidered?（）

A:MidlineshiftB:VitalsigninstabilityC:EarlystageofcerebralherniaD:Developmentofsupratentorialhematomawithvolumelargerthan40ml

答案:VitalsigninstabilityWhichofthefollowingimageis

cerebral

contusion?

()

A:B:C:D:

答案:

第三章单元测试

Whichofthepathologicalfeaturesoflungcanceriscorrect（）

A:LargecellcarcinomamostlyoriginatesfromsmallbronchusB:BronchioloalveolarcarcinomaislocatedinthehilarofthelungC:SmallcellcarcinomaisperipherallungcancerD:AdenocarcinomaisperipherallungcancerE:Squamouscellcarcinomaisperipherallungcancer

答案:AdenocarcinomaisperipherallungcancerWhichofthefollowingtypesoflungcanceristhemostcommon（）

A:LargelungcancercellB:SmallcelllungcancerC:AdenosquamouscarcinomaD:SquamouscellcarcinomaE:Adenocarcinoma

答案:SquamouscellcarcinomaWhichofthefollowinglungdiseaseshasthehighestdegreeofmalignancyandtheearliestmetastasis（）

A:AdenocarcinomaB:SmallcelllungcancerC:ScarcarcinomaD:SquamouscellcarcinomaE:Largecelllungcancer

答案:SmallcelllungcancerWhichofthefollowingX-rayfindingsofperipherallungcancerisfalse（）

A:spiculationontheedgeB:EccentriccavitiescanbeseenC:Roundshadow,smoothedge,calcificationcanoftenbeseenD:ItisoftenseentobelobulatedE:Thereareroudishshadowsinthelung

答案:Roundshadow,smoothedge,calcificationcanoftenbeseenWhichofthefollowingismostsuitableforthediagnosisofcentrallungcancer（）

A:BronchoscopyandbiopsyB:percutaneouslungpuncturebiopsyC:ComputerizedtomographyD:X-raychestfilmE:Radionuclidelungscan

答案:BronchoscopyandbiopsyThemostcommonearlysymptomsofcentrallungcanceris（）

A:FeverB:IrritatingcoughC:ChestpainD:DyspneaE:Hoarseness

答案:IrritatingcoughInthepathologicalclassificationoflungcancer,bronchioloalveolarcarcinomaisclassifiedas（）

A:AdenocarcinomaB:AdenosquamouscarcinomaC:SmallcelllungcancerD:SquamouscellcarcinomaE:Largecelllungcancer

答案:AdenocarcinomaThemostcommonmanifestationofearlyperipherallungcanceris（）

A:coughB:FeverC:ChestpainD:hemoptysisE:Asymptomatic

答案:AsymptomaticThefirstchoiceoftreatmentforearlystagelungcanceris（）

A:immunotherapyB:surgeryC:TraditionalChinesemedicinetreatmentD:ConservativetreatmentE:Radiotherapy

答案:surgeryHornersyndromeinpatientswithlungcancerisdueto（）

A:TumorcompressionofsuperiorvenacavaB:TumorcompressionofcervicalsympatheticnerveC:TumorcompressionofbrachialplexusD:TumorcompressionofrecurrentlaryngealnerveE:Tumorcompressionofphrenicnerve

答案:TumorcompressionofcervicalsympatheticnerveWhichsymptomismorecommoninPancosttumor（）

A:PersistentseverechestpainB:HoarsenessC:HemoptysisD:HornersyndromeE:Cushingsyndrome

答案:HornersyndromeWhichofthefollowingisfalseaboutthediagnosticsignificanceoflungCTinlungcancer（）

A:HighresolutionofmassdensityB:EarlylesionsinthehiddenareaofX-rayexaminationcanbefoundC:TodeterminewhethermediastinallymphnodeshavemetastasisD:HelptoformulatetreatmentplanE:Itcanclarifythepathologicaltypeoflungcancer

答案:ItcanclarifythepathologicaltypeoflungcancerWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutlungcancer（）

A:SquamouscellcarcinomaisinsensitivetoradiotherapyandchemotherapyB:squamouscellcarcinomausuallymetastasizesthroughbloodfirstC:ThelymphnodemetastasisofsmallcelllungcancerislateD:BloodmetastasisofadenocarcinomaoccursonlyinadvancedstageE:smallcelllungcancerissensitivetoradiotherapyandchemotherapy

答案:smallcelllungcancerissensitivetoradiotherapyandchemotherapyAftersystemicheparinization,determinehowmanysecondsACTtakestostartcardiopulmonarybypass（）

A:720sB:120sC:240sD:360sE:480s

答案:480sHowmuchlowernasopharyngealtemperatureshouldbeduringdeephypothermiaandlowflowCPB（）

A:25℃B:15℃C:20℃D:10℃

答案:20℃Whatisthesafetimelimitofcirculatorystopincardiacoperationwhenbodytemperatureis20℃（）

A:30分钟B:45分钟C:90分钟D:60分钟E:70分钟

答案:60分钟Whatarethemaincomponentsofacardiopulmonarybypassdevice,otherthan（）.

A:Bloodpump(artificialheart),B:FilterC:DefibrillatorD:HeaterexchangerE:Oxygenator(artificiallung)

答案:DefibrillatorInextracorporealcirculation,（）ofheparininsidethebodyisheparin？

A:3mg/kgB:100IU/kgC:3IU/kgD:1mg/kgE:10mg/kg

答案:3mg/kgWhat’stheCauseofhemoglobinuriaaftercardiopulmonarybypass.（）

A:plateletoverdestructionB:TheclottingfactorisdilutedC:hemodilutionD:hematoclasisE:Bloodviscositydrops

答案:hematoclasisWhatarethemaincausesofbleedingaftercardiopulmonarybypass。（）

A:BloodviscositydropsB:hematoclasisC:plateletoverdestructionD:hemodilutionE:Theclottingfactorisdiluted

答案:plateletoverdestructionWhereisthepathologicanatomyofpatentductusarteriosus（）

A:TheascendingaortadivergesfromthepulmonaryarteryB:BetweenthedescendingaortaandthemainpulmonaryarteryC:ThearchoftheaortabifurcatesfromthepulmonaryarteryD:BetweentheaorticisthmusandtherootoftheleftpulmonaryarteryE:Betweentheascendingaortaandthemainpulmonaryartery

答案:BetweentheaorticisthmusandtherootoftheleftpulmonaryarteryCardiacmurmursaretypicalcontinuousmachinemurmursattheleftsternalmargin,Whichofthefollowingisright?（）

A:EisenmengerSyndromeB:PatentductusarteriosusC:ventricularseptaldefectD:AtrialseptaldefectE:Tetralogyoffallot

答案:PatentductusarteriosusPulmonaryhypertensioneventuallyleadsto（）

A:AtrialseptaldefectB:EisenmengerSyndromeC:TetralogyoffallotD:PatentductusarteriosusE:ventricularseptaldefect

答案:EisenmengerSyndromeWhatisthepalliativeoperationofcongenitalheartdiseaseoperation?（）

A:Double-switchB:MVRC:TEVRD:B-TShunt

答案:B-TShuntWhatarethemostcommonmalformationsassociatedwithsecondaryatrialseptaldefects（）

A:VentricularseptaldefectB:PulmonarystenosisC:PatentductusarteriosusD:RightventricularenlargementE:Anomalouspulmonaryvenousdrainage

答案:AnomalouspulmonaryvenousdrainageWhichistrueabouttheprimumatrialseptaldefectinthefollowing（）

A:MostofthemhavelargemitralvalvesB:PrimaryatrialseptaldefectispronetoleftheartfailureC:AllofaboveistrureD:TheprimaryatrialseptaldefectpresentswithpulmonaryhypertensionveryearlyE:Itispartofapartialendocardiumpaddefect

答案:AllofaboveistrureThemostcommonanatomicalsiteforventricularseptaldefects(VSD)is（）

A:MuscularVSDB:PerimembranousdefectC:InfundibularVSDD:VSDBelowtheseptumtricuspid

答案:PerimembranousdefectThefollowingbasicanatomicabnormalitiesofTetralogyofFallot(TOF),exceptfor（）

A:overridingoftheaortaB:Atrialseptaldefect.C:ventricularseptaldefectD:RightventricularhypertrophyE:pulmonarystenosis

答案:Atrialseptaldefect.ThefollowingisbelongtotheclinicalmanifestationsoftetralogyofFallot（）

A:braininjuryB:cerebralhypoxiaC:cyanosisandclubbingD:AllofaboveistrueE:Squatting

答案:Allofaboveistrue30.Thechildis5yearsold,cyanosissincechildhood,growthanddevelopmentlag,likesquattingafteractivity,thismorningsuddenlyoccurredconsciousnessdisorder,convulsion,Whatmayhappen?（）

A:hypertensiveencephalopathyB:AhypoxiaattackonthebrainC:hypoglycemiaD:suppurativemeningitisE:intracranialhemorrhage

答案:AhypoxiaattackonthebrainWhichisthemostcommonarrhythmiaofrheumaticheartdiseasemitralstenosis（）

A:prematurecontractionB:sinustachycardiaC:atrialfibrillationD:supraventriculartachycardiaE:atrioventricularblock

答案:atrialfibrillationThemitralvalveauscultationareaislocated（）

A:Leftmarginofsternum3rdto4thintercostalB:Rightmarginofthesternum,secondintercostalC:Leftmarginofthesternum,thirdintercostalD:LowersegmentofsternumnearxiphoidprocessE:Apexofheart

答案:ApexofheartPatientswithatrialfibrillationofrheumaticheartdiseaseencountersuddenconvulsionsandhemiplegiashouldbeconsideredfirst（）

A:digitalisintoxicationB:hypokalemiaC:AggravationofheartfailureD:cerebralembolismE:subarachnoidhemorrhage

答案:cerebralembolismThecommonpulseinpatientswithaorticinsufficiencyis（）

A:pulsedeficitB:paradoxicalpulseC:waterhammerpulseD:irregularpulseE:alternatingpulse

答案:waterhammerpulseThemostcommonsideeffectofthiazidetreatmentforheartfailureis（）

A:hypoglycemiaB:arrhythmiaC:hypernatremiaD:tachycardiaE:hypokalemia

答案:hypokalemiaThedifferencebetweencardiacoriginandpulmonarydyspneaismainlyobserved（）

A:WhetherthereisorthopneaB:WhetherthereisnocturnalasthmaC:WhetherthereiscyanosisandclubbingfingersD:WhetherthereisexertionaldyspneaE:Whetherthereistachypneaandthreedepressions

答案:WhetherthereisnocturnalasthmaTheclinicalmanifestationsofrightheartfailureare（）

A:paroxysmalnocturnaldyspneaB:CoughingupalotoffoamingsputumC:edemaoflowerextremityD:alternatingpulseE:Moistralesinbothlungs

答案:edemaoflowerextremityThekeytopreventingrheumaticfeveris（）

A:SulfonamideprophylactictreatmentB:Long-termorallow-doseaspirinC:SurgerytoremoveinfectedtonsilsD:PreventionandtreatmentofstreptococcalinfectionE:Injectionoflong-actingpenicillin

答案:PreventionandtreatmentofstreptococcalinfectionCoronaryheartdiseasechestpainfeaturesarenotincluded（）

A:ItmustbesweatingalotB:PaincanbestabbingorsharpC:MorebymyocardialhypoxiaischemiacausedD:ThereareincentivesE:Oftenoppressivepain

答案:Itmustbes