2024秋高中英语Module5EthnicCultureSectionⅡGrammar-过去分词作状语；短语动词学案含解析外研版选修7

PAGEModule5EthnicCultureSectionⅡGrammar——过去分词作状语；短语动词[语法图解][课文原句感知]①Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinycobbledstreetsthattouristsgetlostin.②Notinvited,hebecameverydisappointed.③Completelyrebuilt，thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.④Beatenbytheoppositeteam,wedidn'tloseheartandencouragedeachother.⑤AuntWucamein,followedbyherdaughter.⑥Theoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisthe5,500metreYulongXueshan⑦Abigfirebrokeoutlastnightinthatvillage.⑧Whenhereadthebook,hecameacrossmanynewwords.[语法领悟](1)①～⑤句中，黑体部分均在句中作状语，分别表示时间、缘由、条件、让步、伴随。(2)由②句可知，过去分词作状语时，其否定形式通常是在过去分词前加not。(3)⑥句中分词作状语，有自己独立的主语，这叫独立主格结构。(4)⑦⑧句中黑体部分为短语动词。一、过去分词作状语的基本用法1．过去分词作状语的功能及位置(1)过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Builtthirtyyearsago,thehouselooksverybeautiful.尽管这座房子是30年前建立的，但它看起来很美丽。(2)过去分词作条件、缘由刚好间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Givenhealth,Icandothejob.假如身体好，我就能做这个工作。Hewalkedslowlyintheforest,followedbyadog.他在森林里渐渐地走着，后面跟着一条狗。2．过去分词作状语的种类(1)作时间状语时，可转换为when,while或after等引导的状语从句。Askedaboutthematter,shekeptsilent.＝Whenshewasaskedaboutthematter,shekeptsilent.当被问及那件事时，她保持了缄默。(2)作条件状语时，可转换为if,once或unless等引导的状语从句。Oncepublished,thedictionarywillbeverypopular.＝Onceitispublished,thedictionarywillbeverypopular.一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。(3)作缘由状语时，可转换为as,since或because等引导的状语从句。Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.＝Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.＝Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.由于被这个故事深深地感动，孩子们起先哭了起来。(4)作让步状语时，可转换为although,though或evenif等引导的状语从句。Exhaustedbytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.＝Althoughwewereexhaustedbytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.我们虽然爬得很累，但仍旧接着我们的旅程。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.＝Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被很多人讪笑，他还是接着他的探讨。(5)作方式状语时，可转换为并列结构。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.＝Theoldmanwalkedintotheroomandwassupportedbyhisson.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。(6)作伴随状语时，一般可转换为并列结构。Theladyreturnedhome,followedbyMrHolmes.＝TheladyreturnedhomeandshewasfollowedbyMrHolmes.那位女士回家了，福尔摩斯跟在她后面。[即学即练1]单句语法填空1．Ordered(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.2．Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.3．Founded(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.3.过去分词作状语的留意事项(1)过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词，如：when,while,if,though,asif,unless,until等，以使句意表达得更清晰。Unlessconstantlyrepeated,theEnglishwordsareeasilyforgotten.这些英语单词很简单被遗忘，除非不断重复(记忆)。Whenaskedwhyshecamehere,thegirlkeptsilent.当有人问她为何来这儿时，那个女孩默默无语。[即学即练2]单句语法填空Children,whenaccompanied(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.(2)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必需与句子的主语保持一样(现在分词作状语同样如此)，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。Givenachance,wecansurprisetheworld.若给我们一个机会，我们会让世人惊异。(过去分词作状语)Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.他上课用心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。(独立主格)(3)有些过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷失的)，seated(坐)，hidden(隐藏的)，lost/absorbedin(沉醉于),dressedin(穿着)，tiredof(厌烦)等。Lostinthought,hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入深思之中，他没有听到铃声。[即学即练3]单句语法填空Absorbed(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.(4)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区分语法逻辑关系时间概念过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。现在分词作状语现在分词的一般式(doing)和完成式(havingdone)作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式(havingdone)表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Seeingfromthehill,youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden.从山上看，你会发觉这座城市就像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系)Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.从山上看，这座城市就像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语thecity之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)[特殊提示]过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式(havingbeendone)作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是havingbeendone结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。Examinedcarefully,thepatientwassenttotheoperatingroom.＝Havingbeenexaminedcarefully,thepatientwassenttotheoperatingroom.被细致检查之后，那个病人被送进了手术室。Shownaroundthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.＝Havingbeenshownaroundthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.参观了试验室之后，我们又被带去参观图书馆。[即学即练4]单句语法填空1．Thelecturehaving_been_given(give),alivelyquestion­and­answersessionfollowed.2．Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.二、短语动词英语中有些动词可以和一些别的词构成一个具有新的词义的固定搭配，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独的动词差不多，而且不行分割，这种固定搭配叫作短语动词。1．短语动词的构成短语动词的构成主要有以下几种：(1)动词＋副词bringup抚养；提出findout查明；查出giveup放弃pickout细心选择breakout爆发handin上交putaside把……放在一边；留存，储蓄(2)动词＋介词lookfor找寻careabout关切lookinto调查applyfor申请goover细致检查objectto反对beginwith以……起先consistof由……组成(3)动词＋副词＋介词comeupwith提出getawayfrom逃离getalongwith进展makeupfor弥补runoutof用完putupwith容忍(4)动词＋名词takeplace发生makesense讲得通，有意义loseheart泄气makefaces做鬼脸(5)动词＋名词＋介词takepartin参与makeuseof利用payattentionto留意takeadvantageof利用keeppacewith与……并驾齐驱showinterestin对……表现出爱好(6)动词＋介词＋名词①动词后须要带宾语类keep...inmind记住……oeffect使……生效oconsideration把……考虑在内②动词后不带宾语类comeintobeing形成comeintoeffect生效burstintotears突然大哭起来2．动词与介词、副词的常见搭配(1)不同的动词后接相同的介词或副词①动词＋awaythrowaway扔掉putaway将……收起carryaway拿走，带走runaway逃离；躲避goaway走开giveaway捐赠；分发；泄露，暴露②动词＋downhanddown把……传下去get/take/write/setdown写下，登记bringdown降低，削减teardown拆除③动词＋offcalloff取消cutoff切掉；中断payoff还清showoff炫耀setoff动身takeoff脱下；起飞；突然起先胜利④动词＋ontryon试穿haveon穿着，戴着carryon接着做keepon接着holdon别挂断；坚持住；抓紧⑤动词＋outgoout熄灭setout动身，动身wearout用坏，磨损washout把……洗掉carryout实施，执行handout分发turnout出席，在场；结果是workout计算出；胜利地发展⑥动词＋overcomeover短暂造访handover移交lookover检查thinkover细致考虑takeover接收，接管⑦动词＋upfixup修理callup使想起；打电话给cutup切碎growup长大makeup编造；补上；组成setup建立，开办putup表现；提出(看法等)takeup起先从事；占据pickup捡起；(开车)接人；偶然得到(2)同一个动词后接不同的介词或副词①break＋介词/副词breakdown出故障；垮掉breakup散开，解散breakinto强行闯入breakaway突然摆脱breakoff中断②get＋介词/副词getabout/around传播geton乘坐；进展getoff从……下来getout出去getover克服getacross被理解③give＋介词/副词givein屈服，倒戈giveoff放出，发出giveback归还giveout耗尽；放出(光、热等)④turn＋介词/副词turnaround转身turnto向……求助turnin退还；上交turnover翻转turnon打开turnoff关掉turnup调高；出现turndown把……调低，关小；拒绝⑤put＋介词/副词putdown登记；镇压putforward提出，建议putoff推迟，使延期puton穿上；上演putout生产；扑灭[即学即练5]选择填空1．DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich________aclearroadmapandtimetable.A．callsfor B．callsonC．callsoff D．callsup答案：A2．AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhe________asshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.A．gavein B．dressedupC．brokein D．turnedup答案：A3．WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahas________thebestinherasadoctor.A．heldout B．broughtoutC．pickedout D．givenout答案：B4．单句语法填空①Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.②Bodylanguagecangiveawayalotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.③I'vebeentryingtophoneCharlesallevening,buttheremustbesomethingwrongwiththenetwork;Ican'tseemtogetthrough.Ⅰ.选词填空1．Written(Written/Writing)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.2．Faced(Faced/Facing)withachoicebetweenartsandscience,thelittlegirldidn'tknowwhichtochoose.3．Ourmanager,knowing(known/knowing)theproductsofourcompanywerepoorinquality,decidedtogivetheworkersfurthertraining.4．Inspired(Inspiring/Inspired)byMrChen'sspeech,theydecidedtostudyscienceharder.5．Offered(Offered/Offering)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andygotachancetobecomefamous.Ⅱ.用适当的介词或副词填空1．Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.解析：句意：在下个月月末彼得将起先担当旅行社领导的职位。takeup“起先从事”。2．Thereisnodoubtthatthiscandidate'sadvantageliesinhisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.解析：句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人沟通的实力。依据句意可知，这里应用liein，表示“在于”。3．Howcouldyouturndownsuchafantasticjobwhenyouhavebeenoutofwork