广东省惠州市惠阳区丰湖高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

惠州市惠阳区丰湖高级中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级中段考英语试卷(满分150分，考试用时120分钟)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息填写在答题卡指定的位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，先用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHerearetheintroductionsandachievementsoffourscientists.JönsJacobBerzeliusJönsJacobBerzeliuswasaSwedishchemist,oftenreferredtoasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry.Hedevelopedasystemofchemicalsymbols,whichlaidthefoundationfortheestablishmentofthemodernperiodictable.Berzeliusalsomadeimportantdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectrochemistry.NielsHenrikDavidBohrNielsHenrikDavidBohrwasaDanishphysicist.Heproposedtheatomic(原子的)modelknownastheBohrmodel,whichexplainedthebehaviorofelectronsmovinginfixedenergylevelsororbitsaroundtheatomicnucleus.Hismodelhelpedexplainthespectraofelementsandlaidthegroundworkforfurtherdevelopmentsinatomicphysics.RobertBoyleRobertBoyle,borninIreland,wasregardedasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry,knownforBoyle’slaw.Boyle’slawdescribestherelationshipbetweenthepressureandvolume(体积)ofagasatconstanttemperature.Boyle’sworklaidthefoundationforthemodernunderstandingofgasbehaviorandpromotedthedevelopmentofscientificexperimentalmethods.WilliamLawrenceBraggWilliamLawrenceBraggwasaBritishphysicistborninAustraliawhomadesignificantcontributionstoX-raycrystallography(晶体学).TogetherwithhisfatherWilliamHenryBragg,hedevelopedthefamousBragg’slaw.Thisdiscoveryrevolutionizedthefieldofcrystallographyandpavedthewayfordeterminingtheatomicandmolecularstructuresofvarioussubstances,includingDNAandproteins.1.WhatdowesayaboutJönsJacobBerzelius?A.Heinventedanewchemicalsubstance.B.Heestablishedthemodernperiodictable.C.Hewasreferredtoasafounderofmodernphysics.D.Hemadeimportantachievementsinthefieldofelectrochemistry.2.WhowasborninIreland?A.RobertBoyle. B.NielsHenrikDavidBohr.C.JonsJacobBerzelius. D.WilliamLawrenceBragg.3.WhatdoNielsHenrikDavidBohrandWilliamLawrenceBragghaveincommon?A.TheywereborninDenmark.B.Theymadeacontributiontophysics.C.Theydiscoverednewmodelsforchemistry.D.Theydidresearchtogetherwiththeirfamily.BJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,andheandhisfatherreachedanagreement,andvonNeumannwenttostudychemistry.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1930,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andin1933hebecameoneofthe6full-timeprofessorsintheSchoolofMathematics(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers).WorldWarⅡ(1931—1945)hugelychangedvonNeumann’sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.After1940,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicaltheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedinmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcomputingcontributions.Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedofcancerin1957.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Heisrememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallyisalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway:“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”4.WhatdidvonNeumann’sfatherbelieveaccordingtothetext?A.Amathematicianneededagoodmemory.B.Amathematiciancouldn’tearnalotofmoney.C.VonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametime.D.VonNeumannhadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed.5.WhendidvonNeumannpublishhisfirstbook?A.Attheageof25. B.Attheageof26.C.Attheageof29. D.Attheageof32.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“firm”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Weak. B.Small. C.Famous. D.Strong.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnvonNeumannaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Calm. B.Brave. C.Humorous. D.Intelligent.CThereareplentyofhealthbenefitsofspendingtimeinthegreatoutdoors.AccordingtoastudypublishedintheInternationalJournalofEnvironmentalHealthResearch,peoplewhogrewupwithaccesstonaturemayhavebettermentalhealthasadultsthanthosewhodidnot.Totesttheirhypothesis(假设),researcherssentquestionnairesto3,585adultsaged18to75infourEuropeancitiesontopicssuchashowoftentheyvisitednaturalspacesaschildrenandnowasadults.Participantswerealsogivenpsychologicaltesttodeterminethestateoftheirmentalhealthinthelastmonth.Adultswithlowlevelsofnatureexposureduringchildhoodsaw“significantlyworse”mentalhealthissuesanddidnotviewnaturalspacesasmuchimportanceinadulthoodasthosewhospentmoretimegrowingupoutside.Researcherssaythattheirfindingsshowtheimportanceofchildhoodexposuretonaturalspacesasitrelatestodevelopinganappreciationofnatureandhealthypsychologicalstateinadulthood.Thisisparticularlysignificant,becausealmostthree-quartersofEuropeanscurrentlyliveinurbanareaswithlittleaccesstogreenspaces.Thatnumberisexpectedtoincreaseto80percentinthenextthreedecades.Mentalhealthhasbeenshowntobenegativelyinfluencedbyurbanenvironmentsduetoexposuretonoise,crowdsandalackofgreenspacesamongotherthings.Childrenwholeadinactivelifestylesaremorelikelytohavealowerqualityoflifeandphysicalhealth.“ManychildreninEuropeleadanindoorlifestyle,soitwouldbedesirabletomakenaturaloutdoorenvironmentsavailable,attractiveandsafeforthemtoplayin,”saidstudyauthorMarkNieuwenhuijsen,directorofISGlobal’sUrbanPlanning,EnvironmentandHealthInitiative.“Wemakeacallonpolicymakerstoimprovetheavailabilityofnaturalspacesforchildrenandgreenschoolyards.”8.Whatinspirationdoresearcherstakefromtheirfindings?A.Thehealthofchildren’spsychology.B.Thestateofchildren’smentalhealth.C.Thedevelopmentofnatureappreciation.D.Theimportanceofchildhoodexposuretonature.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Europeanslackaccesstonaturalspaces.B.Europeanspreferaninactivelifestyle.C.EuropeanChildrenareingoodphysicalhealth.D.EuropeanChildrenprobablysufferlowerqualityoflife.10.Whatinthefutureisthestudymostlikelytoinfluenceaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Urbanplanning. B.Economicpolicies.C.Childeducation. D.Localtourism.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.IndoorActivitiesAreGoodforChildren’sGrowthB.LivinginUrbanAreasHarmsPsychologicalHealthC.ChildhoodExposuretoNatureBenefitsMentalHealthD.AnInactiveLifestyleMeansaLowerQualityofLifeDRobotsdidnotwritethissentence,oranyotherpartofNature.Butthatcouldchange.Dramaticshiftsinlaborarereshapingsociety,theenvironmentandthepoliticallandscape.ConsiderthisdisorientingestimatefromtheWorldEconomicForum:65%ofthechildrenenteringprimaryschoolsnowwillgrowuptoworkinjobsthatdonotyetexist.Thisweek,Natureasks,“Whatlightisresearchsheddingonthefutureofwork,andhowwillthechangesaffectscientists’workingworld?”Anewsfeatureexploreswhichjobsaremostatriskofbeingreplacedbyartificialintelligenceandmachinelearning,whetheragigeconomy（零工经济）willdemocratize(普及)work,andwhatprogramswillbestprepareworkers.“There’sahugeneedandahugeopportunitytostudythechanges,”sayseconomistErikBrynjolfsson.Andthescientificworkforceisfeelingtheseshifts.Acareerfeaturereportspeopledoingresearchoutsidethetraditionalcareerpath.“Ilovefreedom,”saysCecileMenard,anindependentland-surfacemodellerinEdinburgh,theUK,“butforotherpeople,itmaybetoostressful.”Importantlessonscanbedrawnfromthepast.EconomichistorianRobertAllensynthesizes(综合)threecenturiesofdatatoseewhenandwheretherelationshipbetweenwagesandproductivityismostliketoday’sandfindsthatsomeregionsareinuncharted(未标注的)waters.Thesechangescallfornewsocio-economicmodelsandarevolutionineducation,concludeshistorianYuvalNoahHarari.AndeconomistIanGoldinarguesthatourerahasmoreparallelswiththeRenaissancethantheIndustrialRevolution,Thistime,heurges,knowledgeandenquirymustfindawaytoconquerprejudiceandignorance.12.AccordingtotheestimateoftheWorldEconomicForum,_______.A.65%ofthechildrenwillfindnewjobsB.somenewjobswillappearinthefutureC.robotswillreplacehumansinthefutureD.futurejobswillremainthesameasthepresentones13.What’sCecileMenard’sattitudetothechangesinfuturework?A.Negative. B.Doubtful. C.Positive. D.Indifferent.14.Howdoestheauthororganizethelastparagraph?A.Bymakingcomparison.B.Byofferingsomeexamples.C.Bylistingsomeimportantdata.D.Byanalyzingthecauseandeffect.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoWorkWell B.ThePastofWork C.TheBenefitofWork D.TheFutureofWork第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。CharacteristicsofanexcellentscientistThedictionarydefinesascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences,especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.16Curiosity.17ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Withoutadrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder,ascientistwillnevergettothefirststageofthescientificprocess.Patience.Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.18Ifyou’reaninstant-gratificationtypeofperson,thismaynotbethebestchoiceforyou.Ethical(道德的)qualities.Inordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood,ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprovepeople’slifeaswellastheenvironment,sincetheyarelinkedandtheycanaffectoneanotherinthelongrun.19Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradictedwithevidenceisdishonest.However,thatbeliefshouldn’tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.20Anexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservationandkeepsitinmind.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroupsdependingonwhat’sneeded,andhe/shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingconnectshim/herwithcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.A.Workingtime.B.Workinghabits.C.Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.D.Let’slookatsomecharacteristicsofanexcellentscientist.E.Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.F.Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonalinterestsorpublicopinion.G.Youstillhavemuchscientificresearchtodoevenifyoureceivededucationonscience.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分70分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DennisHongdesignsandmakeshuman-likerobots.Robots,Hongnotes,areintelligentmachinesthatdotheworkhumansareoftenunableor21todo.Whenhewassevenyearsold,hewas22bytworobotsinamovie.Onthewaybackhomeinthecar,hetoldhisparentsthathewasgoingtobecomea(n)23.AsHongbecameolder,hestartedto24whatengineeringactuallyis.Whenhewasinelementaryschool,he25math.HegotallA’sinscience,buthismathresultwasreally26.Hisfathertoldhimthatengineerssolveproblemsintheworldbyusingscienceasa27andmathematicsasalanguage.Eventhoughhedislikedmath,herealizedthathehadtostudyithardertofollowhis28ofbecominganengineer.Hongthinks29comefromeverywhereandatanytime.Histhree-leggedrobotSTriDERisafantastic30.Once,hesawanelderlyladydealingwithher31.Shehadthreestrands(股)ofit,andthenputonestrandthroughtheothertwo.32,thehairstartedtolooklikelegsforHong.He33designingSTriDERafterbraidedhair.Hongsaidthatpeopleonsocialmediaareeagertoseehissuccesses,notthe34thatcamebeforethem.However,iftherobotdoesn’tfallor35,hedoesn’tgettolearnanything.21.A.unwilling B.unlucky C.confident D.free22.A.protected B.impressed C.comforted D.supported23.A.engineer B.astronaut C.hairdresser D.teacher24.A.change B.doubt C.remember D.learn25.A.enjoyed B.understood C.ignored D.chose26.A.familiar B.perfect C.unsatisfactory D.irregular27.A.secret B.tool C.belief D.goal28.A.dream B.order C.question D.recommendation29.A.truths B.responsibilities C.principles D.ideas30.A.image B.sign C.example D.wish31.A.rope B.cloth C.sweater D.hair32.A.Absolutely B.Suddenly C.Originally D.Exactly33.A.gaveup B.endedup C.kepton D.putoff34.A.arguments B.adventures C.failures D.performances35.A.break B.protest C.hesitate D.disappear第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InNorthwestChina’sGansuProvinceliesZhangyeNationalGeopark,36isblessedwithasplendidDanxialandformarea37(cover)about1,289squarekilometers.TheDanxialandformsareamasterpieceofnature.Thecolorfulmountainridgesarejustlikeanoverturnedpalette(调色板)fromheaven.Bandsoffieryred,creamyorange,richgreenandbrightyellowstreakacrossthemountain,formingwhatisknown38themostbeautifulrainbowmountain.Theincrediblelandscapes39(create)bysandstoneandmineralsyearsagoduetotectonic(地壳构造上的)platemovements.Wind,rain,andtimethencarvedtherockformationsandrollinghillsinto40(vary)shapes,includingtowers,pillarsandvalleys.DeclaredaUNESCOWorldHeritagesitein2010andanationalgeoparkin2011,thelandformhasbecomeatoptourist41(attract).Theparkfeatures42seriesofboardwalksthatallowvisitors43(walk)aroundthecolorfulsandstonelandscapes.Thereareviewingplatforms44(special)designed,enablingtouriststogetclosetothehillsandfeasttheireyesonthemagnificentsightswithoutdamagingthefragileecosystem.Shuttlebusserviceisavailable,making45easyfortouriststogetaroundthepark.第三节请用括号内单词的适当形式填空。（共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分）46.Asyouhavea____________(prefer)fortraditionalChineseculture,yoursuggestionswillbegreatlyhelpfultous.47.Basedon____________(science)research,thereportisreliableandconvincing.Lookattheselittlekittens.Arethey____________(adore)?48.Sofarthisideahasmetlittle____________(resist).49.Imust____________(apology)formissingourappointmentyesterday.51.SeeingthatJaneisdoingherhomework,hermotherleftthestudyslowlyand____________(gentle).第四节阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。（共7小题：每小题2分，满分14分）52.It'samoviethatwill____________(吸引)theyoung.53.____________(事实上),noonecanwinallthetime.54.Theyfindithardto____________(依靠…生活)themoneytheymake.55.Ihave____________(承诺)acceptingherinvitationandcannotdrawback.56.____________(从这种意义上来讲),travelenrichesourknowledgeandbroadensourmind.57.Heleftthecareerinteachingand____________(任职)inanexportcompany.58.It’snoteasyto____________(与…保持联系)friendswhentheyarefaraway,however,theyarealwaysonmymind.第五节阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分）59.China,__________wasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.60.Just__________theoldsayinggoes,“Eachcoinhastwosides.”61.Iamgratefultomyteacher,__________encouragementandsupporthelpedmediscovermypotential.62.Wewillalwaysrememberthemoment,__