大学英语六级考试模拟试卷十四（带答案）

大学英语六级考试模拟试卷十四

（总分：710.00,做题时间：130分钟）

PartIWriting（总题数：1,分数：0.00）

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay

entitledHasteMakesWastebycommentingonthissaying.Youarerequiredtowrite

atleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

（分数：106.50）

正确答案：(［范文］

HasteMakesWaste

Normallyyoucanfinishyourworkearlierifyoudoitfaster,butitisn'talways

thecase.Justasthefamoussayinggoes,"Hastemakeswaste":onemakesmistakes

whenbeingtoohasty.Thissayingtellsushowimportantpatienceandcarefulness

areandurgesustodothingsstepbystep.

Thissayinghasbeenprovedbynumerousevidences.Forexample,buildinga

bridgeisahugeprojectandrequiresyearsofconstruction.Ifwerushtocompleteit,

wemayneglectimportantstepsintheprocess,andtheresultcanbedevastating.

That'swhytragicreportsareoftenheardthatpeoplediedorgotinjuredbecauseof

somecollapsedbridgeswhichwerecompletedaheadofmuchtimebutwereofpoor

quality.Anothergoodexampleisourreal-lifeexperienceoflearningEnglish.Ifwe

don'tmemorizesomecommonvocabularyandacquireabasicknowledgeof

grammarbeforereadinganarticle,wewillnotunderstanditatall.

It'sadvisablethatweshouldattachgreatimportancetopatienceand

carefulness.AndalwaysrememberthatRomewasnotbuiltinaday.)

解析：这是一篇观点阐释型的作文，要求考生就谚语“欲速则不达”发表

个人意见。围绕这一谚语，可以将文章内容安排如下：

第1段阐述“欲速则不达”的深层涵义。

第2段举例证明“欲速则不达”的正确性。

第3段作总结：做事要细心，有耐心。

［参考译文］

欲速则不达

通常情况下，如果做事快点，你就可以早点儿完成工作。但并不是总是这

样。正如一句著名的谚语所说的，欲速则不达，即当一个人做事操之过急，会容

易出错。它告诉了我们耐心利细心的重要性，并督促我们做事要脚踏实地，一步

一步来。

有无数的证据足以证明这一说法。例如，建设一座桥梁是一个巨大的工程,

需要多年的施工。如果我们匆忙完工，可能就会忽略施工过程中的关键步骤，导

致毁灭性的结果。这也就是为什么我们经常听到这样的不幸报道：由于提前多时

完工，质量太差，桥梁最终倒塌，导致人员伤亡。还有一个很好的例子就是我们

学英语的亲身体验。如果在读一篇文章之前，不先记一些常见的词汇和掌握基本

的语法知识，我们就根本不可能理解它。

我们应该高度重视耐心和细心，这是很明智的做法。并且要记住，罗马不

是一天建成的。

PartIIListeningComprehension（总题数：0,分数：0.00）

SectionA（总题数：8,分数：0.00）

.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.（分数：28.40）

A.Salsadancing.

B.CIassicalmusic.

C.Rockandroll.

D.Latinmusic.J

解析：［听力原文］

W:Well,tonightwehaveAndrewGreeninourstudiototalkaboutmusic.

Andrewisagreatguitaristandhashisownband.So,Andrew,welcome.

M:Thanksalot.Mypleasuretobeheretonight.

W:Now,Andrew,perhapsyoucouldtellussomethingaboutthefuturetrends

fortheglobalmusicindustry?

M:Sure.Well,frommyperspectiveasamusician,Icanseeadramatic

increaseinthepopularityofLatinmusic,evennow.Ifthistrendcontinues,Iimagine

thepopularityofSalsadancingwillalsorisedramatically.Thismayresultinaslight

decreaseinthepopularityofothertypesofmusic.

W:Whatdoyouthinkofthesuddendropininterestinclassicalmusic?

M:Ithinkthistrendhasbeenintheworksforquitesometime.Asmoreand

morevarietiesofmusicbecomeavailabletoconsumers,theclassicstandardsmay

sufferinthepopularitycontest.Ithinkthedropininterestofclassicalmusichasn't

beensuddenatall,it'sbeenslowandsteadyformanyyearsnow.

W:Isthereanytypeofmusicthatisconsistentlypopularwithmostpeople?

M:Ifyoulookatthenumbers,rockandrollmusichasremainedasteady

constantthroughtheyears.Iexpectthepopularityofrockandrollwillstaythesame

inthecomingyears.

W:It'ssaidthatrockmusicmightmakeonelivelierandhappier.Whatdoyou

thinkofit?

M:That'strue.Researchsuggeststhatmusiccaninfluenceaperson'sfeelings

andcharacter.There'sclearevidencethatpeoplewholistentolivelymusicarelively

people.

Whatkindofmusicwillbemostpopularinthefutureaccordingtotheman?

.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.（分数：28.40）

A.Aninsurancepackageforforeigncompanies.

B.Insuranceplansdesignedforforeignemployees.V

C.Apositioninhiscompanythatshemayapplyfor.

□.Productsmanufacturedbyoneofhisfriends.

解析：［听力原文］

M:Ms.Roth.ThisisDavidWongfromABCInsuranceCompany.I'dliketo

makeanappointmenttoseeyouaboutourinsuranceplansforforeignemployees.

W:Oh,howdidyouknowmyname?

M:Infact,afriendofyoursisoneofmyclients.Hethinksthatyoumayfindit

helpfultoknowmoreaboutinsuranceinHongKong.

W:MayIknowwhoheis?

M:Well,Ms.Roth.You'llknowhisnamesoonenoughifyou'lljustletmesee

you.

W:Whatkindofinsuranceareyoutalkingabouthere?

M:Well,it'srathercomprehensive.That'swhyI'dliketoseeyoupersonallyso

thatIcanpresenttoyoutheproductswehavetooffer.

W:Sorry,Mr.Wong.Mycompanyhasprovidedmeawholeinsurance

package.

M:OhzI'mgladtohearthat.ButasIsaid,ourinsuranceplansarespecially

designedforforeignstafflikeyou.Theyaresomewhatdifferentandmorebeneficial

toyouI'msure.Andourmeetingwon'ttakelongerthanfifteenminutes.Willtwo

o'clocktomorrowbeconvenienttoyou?

W;Well,I'vebeenverybusylately.

M:Ms.Roth,asIsaid,it'llbeashortappointment.I'msureyou'llfindour

productsinformativeanduseful.Perhapswhenyouneedourserviceinthefuture,

you'llknowwhotocall.Willtwotomorrowbeokaytoyou?

W:Well,then,makeitthree.

M:Alright.I'llbethereatyourofficetomorrowatthreesharp.

WhatdoesDavidWongstronglyrecommendtoMs.Roth?

SectionB（总题数：7,分数：0.00）

.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyonhavejustheard.

1.（分数：21.30）

A.Banksavings.

B.Spendinghabits.J

C.Monthlybills.

D.Familydebts.

解析；［听力原文］

Youprobablydon'thavemuchinthewayofsavings,andwithallyour

expenses,itdoesn'tlooklikeyou'llbeabletoimprovethatsituationsoon.Ifyou

wonderhowtocutcorners,there'sanobviousplacetolookatyourspendinghabits.

Doyoubuyasodaeachweekend?Wasteonedollaradayforfortyyears,andwhen

youaresettoretire,you'llfindyouraccountisshortby190..000dollars.Graba

calculatorandyou'lldiscoverthat,overfortyyears,goingouttodinnertwicea

monthatfortydollarseachtimeamountstohalfamillion.Evenapack-a-day

cigarettehabitwilllightenyourretirementaccountby330,000dollars.Andthesame

withcableTVandthosecoolearrings.Theywillprobablyamounttoasmuchasone

million.So,thefirstcluetoaccumulatingwealthisthis:focusonyourspending

habits.Hereareacoupleoftrickstohelpyousaveevenifyousv/earyoucan'tafford

to.Stopbuyingthingsthatfallratherthanriseinvalue.Payyourselffirst.Beforeyou

paythemonthlybills,send25dollarstoamutualfund.Stopspendingcoins.From

nowon,spendonlypapercurrency,andkeepthechangeeveryday.Getyourfamily

involved,andyou'lldoubleyoursavings.Usediscountticketsatthesupermarket,but

usethemcorrectly.How?ffyoureallywanttomaketheseticketsworthwhile,you

actuallymustinvestintoyourmutualfundstheamountyousavebyusingthetickets.

Otherwise,youarewastingyourtimeandyourmoney.

Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewants

tosaveup?

.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

4.（分数：28.40）

A.Lastweek.

B.Threeweeksago.J

C.Twomonthsago.

D.Threeyearsago.

解析：［听力原文］

Tofinishtoday'sprogram,IwanttotellyouabouttheWatersideShopping

Centre,nearNorthport,whichIvisitedlastweekIthassomethingforeveryoneandI

wouldrecommenditforadayout.It'stakenthreeyearstobuildandfinallyopened

threeweeksago,twomonthslaterthanplanned.

Firstly,gettingthere;thereareorganizedcoachtripsfrommosttownsinthe

areabuttheyleaveearlyandcomehomeverylate,soIdrove.Thereare12,000free

parkingspaces,soparkingisnoproblem.Youcanalsogettherebytrain,butthe

stationis15minutesfromWatersidebybus,andthebusesarereallycrowded,so

yousometimeshavealongwait.

Theshoppingcentreisarrangedonthreelevels.You'llfindallyourfavorites

here.Infactifyouwanttobuyapairofshoesthereare15differentshopstochoose

fromonlevelsoneandtwo.Whenyourunoutofmoneytherearesevendifferent

banks,butcollectyourmoneybeforeyougettothethirdlevelastherearen'tany

banksupthere.Onthatlevel,however,thereareseveralrestaurants,aswellasa

cinemawithsevenscreens.Anddon'tgetlostlikeIdid,gototheinformationdesk

onthefirstlevelandgetamap.

Beforeyougobacktoyourcarorthebus-andinfactitmightbebetterto

dotiffsbeforeyougoshoppingandhavetoomuchtocarry——goandseethelake.

Takeawalkorhaveagoatfishing,sailingorwindsurfingifyouhavetime.Oryoucan

restyourtiredfeetandwatchthebirdsandducks,butyouareaskednottofeed

them.

Whenwastheshoppingcenteropened?

SectionC（总题数:10,分数:0.00）

.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyonhavejustheard.

1.（分数：42.60）

A.America'scollegesanduniversities.V

B.Importantandsuccessfulnationalleaders.

C.Technicalandmanagerialworkforce.

0.Excellentprofessionalworkforce.

解析：［听力原文］

Formorethantwocenturies,America'scollegesanduniversitieshavebeen

thebackboneofthecounty'sprogress.Theyhaveeducatedthetechnical,managerial

andprofessionalworkforceandprovidedgenerationaftergenerationofnational

leaders.Today,educatorsfromaroundthecountryareuptofindmanyreasonsfor

theexcellenceofAmericanuniversities.ButfourhistoricActsstandoutasaturning

point.

First,educationforthemass.In1862,congressenactedtheLandGrant

CollegeAct,whichessentiallyextendedtheopportunityofhighereducationtoall

Americans,includingwomenandminorities.Eachstatewaspermittedtoselllarge

tractsoffederalland,andusetheproceedstoendowatleastonepubliccollege.

Second,competitionbreedssuccess.Overtheyears,thedecentralizationand

diversityoftheAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshavepromotedcompetitionfor

studentsandresources.CompetitivepressurefirstaroseduringtheCivilWarwhen

presidentLincolncreatedtheNationalAcademyofSciencetoadviseCongressonany

subjectofscienceandart.TheAcademy'simpactreallygrewafterWorldWarII

whenalandmarkreportcommissionedbythethenpresidentarguedthatitwasthe

federalgovernment'sresponsibilitytoprovideadequatefundsforbasicresearch.

Insteadofbeingcentralizedingovernmentlaboratories,scientificresearchbecame

decentralizedinAmericanuniversitiesandgeneratedincreasinginvestment.Italso

gavegraduatestudentsresearchopportunitiesandhelpedspreadscientific

discoveriesfarandwide,tothebenefitofindustry,medicineandsocietyasawhole.

Thirdly,investinginthefuture.TheendofWorldWarIIsawthepassageof

theServicemen'sReadjustmentActof1944.Thelaw,whichprovidedforacollegeor

vocationaleducationforreturningveterans,madethehighereducationsystem

accessibleinwaysthatwereinconceivableinEurope,openingthedoorsofbest

universitiestomenandwomenwhohadneverdreamedofgoingtocollege.

Finally,promotingdiversity.Thecreationoffederalloanandsubsidyprograms

aswellasoutrightgrantsforcollegestudentsbroughtmuchneededdiversitytohigh

educationandfurtherhelpedtodemocratizeaccess.Sinceitsfoundingin1965,the

FederalFamilyEducationLoanProgramhasfundedmorethan74millionstudent

loansworthmorethan180billiondollars.

WhathasbeenthebackboneofAmerica'sprogress?

.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

4.（分数：42.60）

AJones.

B.Smith.V

C.Campbell.

D.Webber.

解析：［听力原文］

What'sinasurname?Youmayask.Anewwebsiteprojecthasbeenreleased,

thathelpsyoulocateyourpast.Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyourancestors

gatheredwheretheydid,orwhereotherswithyoursurnamelive.Aresearchproject

investigatingthedistributionofsurnamesinBritainanswersthesequestions.And

anotherstudyhasfoundthesurnamesarestillextremelyregional.

Smith,forexample,remainsthemostcommonsurnameinBritain,usedby

morethanhaftamillionpeople.Ithasexactlythesameconcentrationitalwaysdid

inLerwick,intheScottishShetlandIslands.JonesistheNo.2surname,andisthe

mostcommonamonghillfarmersinnorthWales.

Thedatausedforthisprojectcomespartlyfromelectoralregister.Anumber

ofotherfilesareheldbyEx-pairing,whichisprobablyBritain'slargestcollectorof

dataaboutindividuals.

Therearesomeofusv/hoarefairlypredictable.Campbell,forexample,as

youmightexpect,issomewhatconcentratedinthenorthernpartsofScotland,andit

appearsreallybizarretobefoundsomewhereelse.

Well,with25,000namesasdifficulttogeneralize,whatyoucandoisput

themingeneralcategories,if,forexample,youlookatnameswhicharepeople's

work.Likethename,Webber,youmightfinditismuchmorecommoninthe

MidlandsthaninthesouthofEngland.IfyougotoWales,mostpeoplegettheir

namesfromtheirancestorsandinYorkshireforexample,alotofpeoplehavenames

basedontheplacesthattheyoriginallylivedinoratleasttheirancestorsdid.

Well,weonlyhave25,000namesonthiswebsite,butthereareanother

50,000namesnowfoundinBritainandthey'reparticularlyinteresting,fortheyare

non-Britishnames.MostBritishnamesarefairlycommonandaboutwhatwecan

nowdoassuchislookingforthefrequencyofallnamesfromdifferentpartsofthe

worldanddifferentfaiths,religionsandlanguages.Andwhatthereisinnamesis

actuallyextremelyusefulforresearchersinanthropologyandsociologymayfinda

lotaboutdifferentimmigrantgroupsandtheirdescendantsnowlivinginthis

country.

WhatremainsthemostcommonsurnameinBritain?

.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

7.（分数：56.80）

A.Landformation.

B.Geologicfeature.

C.Gooddating.V

0.Fundamentaltechnique.

解析：［听力原文］

Ok,let'sgetstartedGreat.TodayIwanttotalkaboutawayinwhichweare

abletodeterminehowoldapieceofland,orsomeothergeologicfeatureis——dating

techniques.I'mgoingtotalkaboutaparticulardatingtechnique.Why?Gooddating

iskeytogoodanalysis.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttoknowhowalandformation

wasformed,thefirstthingyouprobablywanttoknowishowolditis.It's

fundamental.

TaketheGrandCanyonforinstance.Now,wegeologiststhoughtwehada

prettygoodideaofhowtheGrandCanyoninthesouthwesternUnitedStateswas

formed.Weknewthatitwasformedfromsandstonethatsolidifiedsomewhere

between150and300millionyearsago.Beforeitsolidified,itwasjustregularsand.

Essentiallyitwaspartofavastdesert.Anduntiljustrecently,mostofusthoughtthe

sandhadcomefromanancientmountainrangefairlyclosebythatflattenedout

overtime.That'sbeentheconventionalwisdomamonggeologistsforquitesome

time.

Butnowwe'velearnedsomethingdifferent,andquitesurprising,usinga

techniquecalledUranium-LeadDating.IshouldsaythatUranium-LeadDatinghas

beenaroundforquiteawhile.Buttherehavebeensomerecentrefinements,Iwill

getintothisinaminute.

Anyway,Uranium-LeadDatinghasproducedsomesurprises.Twogeologists

discoveredthatabouthalfofthesandfromtheGrandCanyonwasactuallyoncepart

oftheAppalachianMountains.That'sreallyeye-openingnews,sincetheAppalachian

MountainRangeis,ofcourse,thousandsofkilometerstotheeastoftheGrand

Canyon.Soundsprettyunbelievable,right?Ofcourse,theobviousquestionishow

didthatsandendupsofarwest?Thetheoryisthathugeriversandwindcarriedthe

sandwestwhereitmixedinwiththesandthatwasalreadythere.

Well,thiswasaprettyrevolutionaryfinding.Um...anditwasbasically

becauseofUranium-LeadDating.Why?Well,aseveryoneinthisclassshouldknow,

weusuallylookatthegraintypewithinsandstone,meaningtheactualparticlesin

thesandstone,todeterminewhereitcamefrom.Youcandootherthingstoo,like

lookatthewindorwaterthatbroughtthegrainstotheirlocationandfigureout

whichwayitwasflowing.Butthat'sonlyusefuluptoapoint,andthat'snotwhat

thesetwogeologistsdid.

ThereareafewprettyexcitingpossibilitiesforUranium-LeadDating.Hereis

onethatcomestomind.Youknowthetheorythatearth'scontinentswereonce

joinedtogetherandonlysplitapartrelativelyrecently?Well,withUranium-Lead

Dating,wecouldprovethatmoreconclusively.Iftheyshowevidenceofoncehaving

beenjoined,thatcouldreallytellusalotabouttheearlyhistoryoftheplanet's

geology.

Whatisthekeytogoodanalysisingeology?

PartIIIReadingComprehension（总题数：0,分数：0.00）

SectionA（总题数：10,分数：0.00）

.Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as

"silent",thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent.Fromthevery

beginning,musicwasregardedasan1accompaniment;whentheLumiere

filmswereshownatthefirstpublicfilmexhibitionintheUnitedStatesinFebruary

1896,theywere2bypianoimprovisationsonpopulartunes.Atfirst,the

musicplayed3nospecialrelationshiptothefilms;anaccompanimentofany

kindwas4.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruity（不协调）of

playinglivelymusictoa5filmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbeganto

takesomecarein6theirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.

Asmovietheatersgrewinnumberandimportance,aviolinist,andperhaps

acellist,wouldbeaddedtothepianistincertain7,andinthelargermovie

theaterssmallorchestraswereformed.Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusic

foreachfilmprogram8entirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderofthe

orchestra,andveryoftentheprincipal9forholdingsuchapositionwasnot

skillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces.

Sincetheconductorseldomsawthefilmsuntilthenightbeforetheyweretobe

shown（ifindeed,theconductorwasluckyenoughtoseethemthen）,themusical

arrangementwas10improvisedinthegreatesthurry.

A.sufficient

B.incredible

C.accompanied

D.comparatively

E.matching

F.rested

G.normally

H.occasions

I.bore

J.qualification

K.solemn

L.indispensable

M.severe

N.according

0.cases（分数：35.50）

1.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：L）

解析：根据提示词an可知，此处需填入以元音开头的形容词修饰

accompanimento根据上下文意思，无声电影并不是真正的无声，从一开始，音

乐就被认为是它的伴随者。从语义上判断，indispensable（不可缺少的）符合题意。

［参考译文］虽然我们习惯于把1927年以前的电影称作“无声电影”，可是，

从“无声”这个词完整的意义上来说，电影从未真正无声过。从一开始，音乐就

被认为是电影不可缺少的陪伴物；当Lumiere的电影于1896年2月在美国首届

公映展览上放映时，它们就有根据流行曲调即席演奏的钢琴曲伴奏了。最初，所

演奏的音乐与电影没有任何特殊的关系，随便有什么音乐伴奏都可以。然而，没

过多久，用活泼的音乐给严肃的电影伴奏所产生的不协调感己经非常明显，于是

电影钢琴家开始费心考虑使他们演奏的乐曲与电影的气氛相配。

随着电影院越来越多、越来越重要，在某些情况下，除了钢琴师之外还会

增加一位小提琴手，或许还会有一位大提琴手一起来伴奏；在一些大一点的电影

院还组建了小型乐队。在很长一段时间内，为每部电影选择配曲完全是由乐队指

挥或者乐队长掌握的，而通常的情况下，获得此类职位的主要条件与其说是看谁

的演奏技艺娴熟、音乐品味高，倒不如说是看谁拥有的乐曲店大。因为乐队指挥

通常是要等到放映之前的一个晚上才能看到电影（如果他真的有幸能够在这个时

候看到的话），所以电影音乐通常都是在最仓促的情况下即席演奏的。

2.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：C）

解析：此处需要过去分词，与were和by构成被动语态。上文提到音乐是

电影的accompaniment,由此可知此处指的是用钢琴为电影“伴奏”，故选择复

现词accompaniedo

3.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：I）

解析：此处需要动词过去式作谓语。本句的意思是最初的电影伴奏音乐与

电影并没有特别的关系，符合条件的动词中bore能与relationship搭配，为最佳

选择。bearnorelationshipto意为“与...无关

4.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：A）

解析：此处需要形容词，作表语解释说明主语accompanimento上文说到

起初音乐与电影没有什么特别的关系，由此可推断这里指任一种伴奏音乐都可以,

故选择sufficiento

5.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：K）

解析：此处需要形容词，修饰film。根据本句的incongruity（不协调），可知

该形容词应与修饰music的形容词lively形成对比，故答案为solemn（严肃的）。

注意severe通常指事态的后果“严重的”，或某人“严格的”，而不能用来指电

影风格。

6.（分数:3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：E）

解析：此处需要动名词作in的宾语，且能与to搭配。上文说到音乐格调与

电影内容不协调，本句的beganto表明该词在语义上应与“不协调”相反，故选

择matching。accord表示“与...一致”时,通常与with搭配，而不与to搭配,

所以此处可以排除accordingo

7.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：0）

解析：此处需要名词，且能与介词in构成固定搭配。词库中的名词在搭配

和意义上都符合要求的是cases,incertaincases意为“在某些情况下“。occasions

通常与on搭配。

8.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：F）

解析：此句需要动词过去式充当句子谓语。根据句子的意思，在当时为电

影选择配曲完全由指挥或乐队长来决定，故选rested。restinthehandsof是固定

搭配，相当于restwith,意为“在于，归属于二

9.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：J）

解析：此处需要能与f。「搭配的名词，作句子的主语。根据表语成分skill,

taste,结合forholdingsuchaposition等关键词,可以推断此处空格应为“（拥有

该职位的主要）资格条件”之义，因此填入qualification。

10.（分数：3.55）

填空项1：（正确答案：G）

解析：此句结构完整，可以判断需要填入副词修饰wasimprovised。根据句

意，乐队指挥通常是要等到电影放映之前的一个晚上才能看到（如果可能的话），

因此，时间应该“通常”都很仓促，选normally。此处并没有出现对比情况，所

以comparatively（相对地）可以排除。

SectionB（总题数：10,分数:0.00）

TricksoftheTrade

A.Aschildren,wearetaughtthatworkinghardwillgetusgoodgrades.

Whenitcomestoyourjob,thesamelogicshouldapply:beingsuccessfulisallabout

workinghardandgettingtheworkdone.Butwhatifinsteadofimpressingyournew

employerwithyoureducation,trainingandskillsonyourCV,itwasyourfirm

handshakeandsmilethatgotyouhired?Orhaveyoueverconsideredthatthose

junksonyourdeskleftoverarecausingyourcolleaguestodoubtyourabilities?And

didnobodytellyouthatyourchancesofgettingaraisemayrestonwhetheryouask

foritface-to-faceorviaemail?

B.Ifpsychologyresearchisanythingtogoby,the9-to-5isaminefield（危险

地带）,withasubconsciouspsychologicaldisasterhidingaroundeverycorner.

C.We'renotsuggestingthatthesementalundercurrentsgovernyourwork

life,buttheycertainlyplayapart.Whetherit'sdecidingwhototrust,orsuccessfully

mattingadeal,theworkplacedecisionswethinkwemakewithskillandsenseare,in

part,affectedbymindgamesweoftenaren'tevenawareof.

D.Ifthatsoundsdepressing,lookatitanotherway——usethesepsychological

insightstoyouradvantageandjustimaginewhattheymightdoforyou.

1.Smartenup

E.Shouldyourcolleaguesreallycarewhatyoulooklike?Probablynot-inan

idealworld,we'dallbejudgedonourability,notourpersonalappearanceorvital

statistics.Yetthat'ssimplynothowthingswork,saysV.Bhaskar,aprofessorof

economicsatUniversityCollegeLondon."Humanshaveabiastowardsattractive

peopleandlotsofresearchhasshownthatthiscantranslateintoahugeadvantage

inthelabourmarket,"hesays.Inotherwords,good-lookingpeopleearnmorethan

theirlessprettycolleagues.Soitpaystolookyourbestintheoffice.

F.Onepossibleexplanationforthisisthatattractivepeoplearegenerally

morehealthyandsothereforemoreproductiveatwork.Unfortunately,thisseems

unlikely,asBhaskarshowedinarecentstudy.Heinvitedparticipantstotakepartina

game-show.Evenwhengood-lookingpeopleperformedworseonataskthantheir

lessattractivecounterparts,Bhaskarfoundtheywerestillpreferentiallyselectedto

gothroughtothenextround.

G.Wedon'trealisewe'redoingitbutitishumannaturetodiscriminate

accordingtolooks,saysBhaskar,perhapsbecausethepressuresofselectingagood

matehaveendedupasafalseanalogy（类比）intheworkplace.Oncewebecome

awarethatweareprejudicingpeopleinthisway,perhapswecanmakeaneffortto

addressthatbias,headds.Butuntilthen,youmayaswellmakeanefforttolook

goodatworkandusethissubconsciouspreferencetoyouradvantage.

H.Whileyou'regivingyourselfamakeover;youcouldalsoconsiderdoing

thesameforyourworkspace.Evenifyouhadn'tnoticedthecoffeeringsonyour

desk,chancesareyourcolleagueshave,anditcouldhaveabiggerinfluenceonyour

relationshipsthanyoumightthink.PsychologistsattheUniversityofPlymouthfound

thatcleanlinessactuallyreducestheseverityofmoraljudgementsagainsttheperson

whosehygiene（卫生）isinquestion."Becauseofitspotentialtoleadpeopleto

regardmoralactionsaspureandgood,"thepsychologistsconclude,"cleanliness

mightindeedfeelasifitwerenexttogodliness."

I.Ifyouknowyou'realittleuntidy,andcertainlywon'tbewinningany

beautycontests,don'tworry,thereareplentyofotherwaystogainpopularitywith

yourco-workers.TrytakingsomeadvicefromMadonnaand"ExpressYourself".

Duringanexperimentinwhichsubjectswereshownimagesoffacialexpressions,

BarbaraWildandcolleaguesattheUniversityofTubingen,Germany,foundthat

strongerfacialexpressionshadamorepowerfulemotionalresponseintheviewer,

givingextrameaningtothesaying"smileandtheworldsmileswithyou".

2.Breezetheinterview

J.Thejobmarkethasn'tbeenthiscompetitivefordecades,soonceyouget

aninterviewyou'llwanttomakeanimmediateimpression,andthefirststepistoget

agrip.Anyonewhohasencounteredalimphandshakewilllikelyfeeldislikeatthe

thought,andnowresearchersattheUniversityofIowahaveshownthatafirm

handshake,alongwithlookingtheinterviewerintheeye,canboostyourchancesof

gettinghired.It'sespeciallygoodnewsfortheladies,becausetheeffectisstronger

forwomenthanmen.Afirmhandshakesubconsciouslyinf