专题11 构词法考点聚焦和精讲

构词法考点聚焦和精讲【中考构词法考点聚焦】1、转化法；2、派生法；3、合成法；4、截短法(缩略法)；5、混合法(混成法)；6、首尾字母缩略法。英语的构词法主要有：转化法、派生法、合成法、截短法(缩略法)、混合法(混成法)和首尾字母缩略法。一转化法在英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。考点1.动词转化为名词：很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。演练①Let’sgooutfora.我们到外面去散步吧。②Let’shavea.咱们游泳吧。③Heisamanofstrong.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。考点2.名词转化为动词：很多表示物件(如下①)，身体部位(如下②)，某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词，演练①Didyouaseatontheplane?你订好飞机座位了吗？②Pleasemethebook.请把那本书递给我。③Sheherhusbandbacktohealth.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。④Wetogether.我们在一起吃了午餐。考点3.形容词转化为动词：有少数形容词可以转化为动词。演练1.Wewilltryourbesttoourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。2.Hedownatthecrossroad.他在十字路口减速。3.Pleaseupthecoldmeat.请把冷肉热一下。考点4.副词转化为动词：有少数副词可转化为动词。演练Murderwill.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。考点5.形容词转化为名词：表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用，表示一类人，做主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。演练①Youshouldbedressedinatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。②inourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。二派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。1.前缀：除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。考点（1）表示否定意义的前缀，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有：前缀例词dis-主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前disappear消失；dislike不喜欢；dishonest不诚实的；disorder混乱，骚乱；disadvantage缺点；dishonorable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible不可能的；impolite粗鲁的，无礼的in-常加在形容词，名词之前incorrect不正确的；informal非正式的；indirect间接的；inability无能力；inaccurate不准确的mis-加在动词、名词前mistake错误；misuse错用misunderstand误解；misjudge误判；misfortune不幸；un-主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面unhappy不愉快的；unlucky不幸的；untrue不真实的；unfair不公平的；unknown未知的，陌生的；unable不会/能的；unfriendly不友好的；unhealthy不健康的non-加在形容词、名词前non-existence不存在；non-essential非本质的，不重要的non-smoker非吸烟者ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面irregular不稳固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的，不能解决的de-加在名词、形容词前demobilize遣散，使…复员；decolor脱色，漂白anti-加在名词、形容词前边anti-Japanese抗日战争；antigas防毒气的；antisocial反社会的counter-加在名词、动词前counterattack反攻，反击；counteract抵抗阻碍；counterrevolution反革命il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的没有文化的；illogical不合逻辑的考点（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：前缀例词a-多构成表语形容词alone单独的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的auto-表示“自动”autochart自动图表；autobiography自传；Autonomous自治的co-表示“共同”cooperate合作；co-worker同事down-表示“往下”download下载；downstairs下楼en-表示“使……”enjoy使高兴；endanger（使）遇危险；enlarge变大；enable（使）能够fore-表示“前的”forehead额头；foresee预见inter-表示“互相，在……之间”internet互联网；international国际的kilo-表示“千”kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克，公斤man-表示“人，由人”man-made人造的，人工的，合成的mid-表示“中间的”midnight午夜；mid-autumn中秋micro-表示“微观的，小的”microfilm缩微胶卷；microphone话筒；micro-economy微观经济re-表示“重新，再；又”reuse再用；retell复述；rewrite重写；rebuild重建sub-表示“下面的；次；小”subway地铁；subconscious下（潜）意识；submarine潜艇super-表示“超级的”superman超人；supermarket超市；supergirl超级女孩tele-表示“远的，电信的（强调距离）”telephone电话；telegraph；电报；telescope望远镜；television电视2.后缀：英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。考点（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有后缀例词-(a)n表示“某国人”Australian澳大利亚人；Italian意大利人；Canadian加拿大人；European欧洲人-ance,-ence表示“性质，程度”attendance出勤率；acceptance接受；assistance帮助；dependence依靠-ce表示“性质，程度”difference不同之处；importance重要性；patience耐性；-ese表示“某国人”Japanese日本人；Chinese中国人；Vietnamese越南人-ess表示“雌性”actress女演员；lioness母狮子-(e)r表示“从事某事的人”teacher教师；singer歌手；driver司机；writer作家；runner跑步者；winner胜利者-ful表示某容器的容量handful一把的；mouthful一口之量的；glassful一杯之量的-hood表示关系或抽象意义motherhood母亲身份；childhood童年；girlhood少女时代；neighborhood邻居-ian表示“精通……的人”musician音乐家-ing表示“动作的过程，结果”feeling感觉，触觉；感情，情绪；reading阅读，朗读；读物；building建筑；建筑物-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”action行动；solution解决方案；conclusion结论；结局；expression表达；correction改正，修正；pronunciation发音；读法；invitation邀请；decision决定；discussion讨论-ist表示“专业人员”pianist钢琴家；scientist科学家；artist艺术家；typist打字员；violinist小提琴家-ment表示“性质；状态”agreement

协议；movement运动；development发展；punishment惩罚-ness表示“性质；状态”happiness幸福；business事务；illness疾病；sadness悲痛；kindness和蔼；greatness伟大-or表示“从事某事的人”actor演员；sailor海员；visitor访问者，参观者；inventor发明家/人；创造者-ship表示状态、抽象概念friendship友谊；membership会员资格；leadership领导权；relationship关系-thwarmth温暖；truth真理；length长度；youth青年；death死亡；growth成长-ty表示特性或情况difficulty困难；safety安全；beauty美人；ability能力-ure表示“行为，结果”failure失败；故障；pleasure快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事考点（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有后缀例词-(e)n多用于形容词名词后变动词“使得，变得”widen加宽；sharpen

削

；变尖；loosen使松散；strengthen加强；lessen减少-fy表示“使……化”beautify美化；purify提纯-ize表示“使……成为”realize意识到；organize组织考点（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有后缀例词-able表示“有能力的”reasonable有道理的；eatable能吃的；enjoyable令人愉快的-alnatural自然的；national民族的，国家的；-an/ian表示“某国(人)的”American美国（人）的；Australian澳大利亚（人）的；Indian印度（人）的-edmoved受感动的-en多用于表示材料的名词后“由……构成的”woolen羊毛的；羊毛制的；golden金的；wooden木制的；frighten恐吓-ent/-antpleasant令人愉快的；dependent依赖的；different不同的-ern表示“方向的”eastern东方的；southern南方的；northern北方的western西方的-ese表示“某国人的”Chinese中国人的；Japanese日本人的-fulbeautiful美丽的；careful小心的；powerful强大的；colorful多彩的-ingmoving感动的；encouraging鼓舞人心的；exciting令人激动的；interesting有趣的-(ic)alelectric/electrical电的；historic有历史性的；economical经济的；political政治的；scientific科学的-ishchildish孩子气的；selfish自私的；womanish像女人的；bookish书呆子气的-iveactive积极的，collective集体的

；decisive决定性的；native本国的-less表示“否定”careless

粗心的；useless无用的；hopeless希望渺茫的；countless不可数的；helpless无助的-like表示“像……的”girllike像女孩一样的；boylike像男孩一样的；motherlike像母亲一样的-lyfriendly友好的；yearly每年的；monthly每月的，weekly每周的；lovely可爱的；lively活泼的-ousfamous著名的；continuous连续不断的；delicious可口的-somehandsome英俊的，大方的；gladsome愉快的；tiresome疲惫的；lonesome孤独的-(t)ythirsty口渴的；noisy喧闹的；healthy健康的-y表示“天气”snowy雪的；rainy下雨的；cloudy多云的；dusty多尘的【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别：加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物，表示“令人……的”；加-ed的后缀词形容词，主语一般为人，表示“某人感到……”。如：Themoviewasveryinteresting.Allofuswereinterestedinit.那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。（interesting指的是电影有兴趣，而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣）考点（4）构成副词的常用后缀有后缀例词-ly主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度angrily生气地；slowly慢慢地，beautifully美丽地；terribly可怕地-ward(s)主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向towards朝……，向……；eastward向东方地；backwards向后退地；upwards向上地；westward向西地；homeward向家去地-wiseotherwise否则；likewise同样地；clockwise顺时针方向地；考点（5）构成数词的后缀有后缀例词-teen(十几)thirteen三十；fourteen十四；fifteen十五；sixteen十六；eighteen十八；nineteen十九-ty(几十)twenty二十；thirty三十；forty四十；fifty五十；sixty六十；eighty八十nine→ninety九十-th(构成序数词)fifth第五；sixth第六；sixteenth第十六；fortieth第四十；twenty-first第二十一三合成法考点1．合成名词⑴名词＋名词：weekend；⑵名词＋动词：daybreak；⑶动名词＋名词：reading-room；⑷代词＋名词：she-wolf；⑸动词＋名词：typewriter；⑹名词＋及物动词＋er/or：pain-killer；⑺形容词＋名词：gentleman；⑻介词＋名词：afternoon；⑼现在分词＋名词：flying-fish；⑽副词＋动词：outbreak；⑾名词＋动名词：handwriting；⑿名词＋介词＋名词：editor-in-chief；考点2．合成形容词⑴名词＋形容词snow-white⑵名词＋现在分词English-speaking⑶名词＋to＋名词face-to-face⑷名词＋过去分词man-made⑸数词＋名词one-way⑹数词＋名词＋形容词two-year-old⑺数词＋名词＋edfive-storeyed⑻动词＋副词see-through⑼形容词＋名词high-class⑽形容词＋名词＋ednoble-minded⑾形容词＋形容词light-blue⑿形容词＋现在分词good-looking⒀副词＋形容词ever-green⒁副词＋现在分词hard-working⒂副词＋过去分词well-known⒃副词＋名词fast-food⒄介词＋名词downhill考点3．合成动词：⑴名词＋动词sleep-walk⑵形容词＋动词white-wash⑶副词＋动词overthrow考点4．合成副词：⑴形容词＋名词hotfoot⑵形容词＋副词everywhere⑶副词＋副词however⑷介词＋名词beforehand⑸介词＋副词forever考点5．合成代词⑴代词宾格＋selfherself⑵物主代词＋selfmyself⑶形容词＋名词anything考点6．合成介词⑴副词＋名词inside⑵介词＋副词within⑶副词＋介词into考点四截短法(缩略法)截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。考点1．截头：telephone→phone;aeroplane→plane;omnibus→bus考点2．去尾：mathematics→maths;co-operate→co-op;examination→exam;kilogram→kilo;laboratory→lab;taxicab→taxi;Monday→Mon.;January→Jan.考点3．截头去尾：influenza→flu;refrigerator→fridge;prescription→script考点五混合法(混成法)混合法是将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。如：newsbroadcast→newscast新闻广播；televisionbroadcast→telecast电视播送；smokeandfog→smog烟雾；helicopterairport→heliport直升飞机场。考点六首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。如：veryimportantperson→VIP(读字母音)要人；大人物；television→TV(读字母音)电视；TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL托福；NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization→Nato北大西洋公约组织；saveourship→SOS国际呼救信号；WorldTradeOrganization→WTO世界贸易组织演练一．词形变换1．Itis___________(polite)topointatotherswheneatingthings.2．Iacceptedan_____________(invite)tothemeetingfrommyboss.3．QianXuesenbecame_____________(interest)insciencewhenhewasayoungboy.4．(2021·盐城)Choose_________(wise)howyouspendyoursparetimeandwithwhomyouspendit.5．Youmustbe__________(patience)withyourstudents.6．Ourgeographyteacherhelpsusknowmoreaboutthe__________(nature)world.7．Itis____________(danger)foragirltogooutaloneatnight.8．IwonderifIshouldtellherthe_______(true)．9.Takethemedicine______adaybeforemeals,theyouwillbebetter.(two)10.Doyouknowthe______betweenthetwinsinfrontofyou?(different)11.EveryoneinourschoolhopeZhongNanshanworkslessandlives______.(health)12.Ofallthelanguages,whichdoyouthinkis______.(difficult)13.Whenpeoplehavedifficulty___________(solve)theproblems,mostofthemoftenkeepinsilence.14.Timisagoodboyboy.Heisalways___________(friend)tohisclassmates.15.Atthe______oftheclass,MrTangtoldusthatYuanLongpingpassedawayyesterday.(begin)16.Youshouldbrushyour______twiceadaytokeepthemhealthy.(tooth)17.It’svery______foradogtocrossabusystreet.(danger)18.Jane’smotherlookedtiredand______.Whathappenedtoher?(worry)19.Idon’tbelieveitisthe__________.Somethingmustbehidden.(true)20.Mydeskmatelooked_____________,forhefailedintheEnglishtest.(happy)21.Theyoungladylooked____________atmebecauseIusedherpenjustnow.(angry)22.Everyoneistryinghisbesttosolvethe________problems.(environment)23.It’sreally________forhimtogetthereontimebecausehecouldn’tcatchupwiththelasttrain.(possible)24.Theoldmanlikestolivealone.Everydayhereadsnewspaper________inthegarden.(quiet)25.Heisagreatscientistfrom_________.(German)26.Thegirlisthemost__________memberintheschooldancinggroup.(act)27.IamnotusedtotheweatherinGuangxi.Itis__________.(change)28.________,Ihavejustgotenoughmoneytobuythenewbooks.(lucky)29.Stayingupatnightis__________toourhealth.(harm)30.Theywillfindsomesuitablewaystohelpthose___________(home)people31.Thechildrenoftenget_______(noise)intheclassroomafterclass.32.Sometimeshespendshisweekend________(fish),sohiswifeisalwaysangrywithhim.33.Several_______(foreign)cametovisitourschoollastweek,soIhadachancetotalkwiththem.34.Ithinktheredskirtlooksas______(good)asthegreenone.35.Johnjustgothis_____(driver)license.However,noonedarestogetonhiscar.36.Look!MrsGreenisthere.Let’sgoandsayhelloto______(she)?37.Mydadroften_____(enjoy)theTVplaysintheevening.38.Talkingloudlyinalibraryisvery______(polite).39.Aftertwohours’discussion,they______________(final)reachedanagreement.40.Usuallynewsare________________(record)firstandsentoutlater.41.Johnlooksathiswatchfromtimetotime.Whyisheso________________(patient)?42.Howluckythe______________(win)ofthegameshowis!Aseven-daytripabroadforfree!43.Thepartyyesterdaywasabig__________(succeed).Everyonehadagoodtime.二根据句子意思，用括号中所给英语单词的适当形式填空。（一）1.EvenachildknowsSeptemberisthe______monthofayear.（nine）2.Ournotebookcomputer______5poundsandcostsabout$2,000.（weigh）3.YesterdayI______anewdressattheMacy’sformymum.（buy）4.Ididn’twanttobetreated______fromanyoneelse.（different）5.Shewas______inthekitchenwhenthelightwentout.（serve）（二）1.He______(be)avolunteerinYa-an,Sichuansincetheearthquakehappened.2.Mr.Jiangisalearnedperson,andhehaslotsof______(know).3.Thelittlegirlisverykindandshealwaystalkstopeople______(polite).4.Allthe_____(village)livingconditionshavegreatlyinrecentyears.5.Myteacherdidwhathecould______(make)hisclasslively.（三）1.How__________(care)youare!You’veknockedthecupoffthetableagain!2.Jasondidn’thearthering,forhe_________(water)theflowersinthebackyard.3.DoesGoldTheatrehave___________(comfort)seatsofthefiveinyourcity?4.NowMomfeelsmuchbetteraftertakingthe_________(medical).5.Alittlebird__________(fly)inthroughtheopenwindowandshesetitfreeatonce.（四）1.Atweekends,Nancyenjoys______(read)comicbooksathome.2.—Wildanimalsareourfriends.—Iagreewithyou.Wemust______(treat)themwithkindness.3.—WhereisPetrfrom?—HeisFrench,ifIremember______(correct).4.—Thispairofshoesistootight.CouldItryapairina______(big)size?—Ofcourse.Hereyouare.5.—Paul,pleasee-mailmethose______(professor)weeklyreportsassoonaspossible.—OK!Noproblem.6.Stephenisamemberofan______(organize)whichprotectsriversandlakesinChina.（五）1.TheInternetis_______(wide)usedinmostfamiliesinourcountrytoday.2.Thise-dictionarydoesn’tbelongto________(I).It’sSandy’s.3.________(child)Dayismyfavouritefestivalintheyear.4.Ithinkthisproblemismuch________(easy)thanthatone.5.I’mlookingforwardto________(meet)myoldfriend,Jim,thisSunday.6.Wewon’tgoforapicnicifit________(rain)thisweekend.7.It’snecessaryforus________(understand)theimportanceofhealthcare.8.Ayear________(divide)intotwelvedifferentstarsignsinsomeWesterncountries.（六）1.Hehasmuch______(interesting)incollectingstamps.2.Believein______(you),Tony,andyouaresuretosucceed.3.Ifoundsomethingimportantin______(today)newspaper.4.Moretreesandflowersshould______(plant)tomakeourhometownbeautiful.5.Don’tworry,Kitty.Withourhelp,youwilldomuch______(well)nexttime.6.Moreandmorepeopleintheworldare______(begin)tolearnMandarin(普通话).7.It’ssucha______(wonder)songthatwealllikeit.8.YaoMingisoneofthemostpopularbasketball______(play)aroundtheworld.9.Bothcoatslookniceonme.Ireallydon’tknowwhich______(choose).10.IsawourmathteachertalkingwithJohnwhenI______(pass)hisoffice.（七）1.Alargenumberof_____(foreign)visitGuizhouprovincetheseyears.2.Thankgoodness!TheletterIwaslookingforwardto_____(reach)meatlast.3.HainanIslandisa______(wonder)placetospendsummer.4.Thedinnerroommust_____(clean)threetimesaday.5.Mycousinisusedto_______(study)withhisnewfriendsinAustralia.（八）1.Afriendof(I)isgettingmarriednextmonth.2.Janewouldliketoliveonthe(three)floor.3.Theactressisinherforties.Ithoughtshewasmuch(young)!4.Themanwasbreathing(heavy)andhadbloodonhisshirt.5.Everyyearalotof(tour)gotoBeijingtoseetheGreatWall.（九）1._______abiketothesidemustbealotmorefun.Ican'twait.(ride)2.Itis______formetodotoomanythingsintwodays.Canyouhelpme?(possible)3.—“Who'sthatgirloverthere?”—“She'sSusan,afriendof_____”(I)4.Bradismyyoungerbrother.Hehadaspecialpartyforhis_____birthdayyesterday.(five)5.LotsofpeoplesurftheInternettolookforsome______aboutthemissingplane.(information)（十）1.Thereare(seventh)smallapplesinthebowl.2.Monaalsoboughtanalarmclockyesterday.Icomparedmyalarmclockwith(her).3.Everyoneknowsthat(library)areplacesforpeopletostudy.4.Listen.Doyouhearthesoundofbirdsoutside?Thankstoyourears,youcanhearit______(clear).5.It6.Histwodaughtersarevery(difference)fromeachother.7.The(win)ofthephotocompetitionwasa30-year-oldmanfromShanghai.8.MrSmithandhissonusedtosmoke,butthey(like)smokingnowbecausetheythinkit’sunhealthy.（十一）1.Eatingtoomuchsweetisbadforyour_________(tooth).2.Heisa_________(honest)boysoweseldombelievewhathesays.3.WeChinesewillcelebratethe_____(ninety)birthdayoftheChineseCommunistParty(中国共产党)inmanyways.4.Inthemodernworld,peopleoftencontacteachotherby_______(send)e-mails.5.Tokeephealthy,Idecide______(exercise)halfanhoureveryday.6.Whentraveling,you’dbettertakeamapwith________(you).7.ThestudentsinClass2arehavinga_________(discuss)abouthowtoachieveabalancebetweenstudyandplay.8.Thoughsheansweredtheteacher’squestions_________(incorrect),theteacherdidn’tblameher.9.Moreandmorepeoplehavetheirowncars.That’swhythere’s________(heavy)trafficthanbefore.10.—Whyareyousohappytoday?—BecauseI_____(win)thebadmintonmatch.（十二）1.Papermakingisagreat______(invent)ofancientChina.2.Mydreamistobeafamousdoctorandsavepatients'______(life).3.Thelittleboyisso______(care)thatheoftenleaveshishomeworkathome.4.TheCDcanhelpyouknow______(wide)theknowledgeofgeography.5.It'sreportedthatthehaze（雾霾）inFebruary,2014isthe______(serious)onetheseyearsinChina.6.Oh,dear!Myiphonedoesn'twork.Wouldyoupleaselendme______(you)?7.Ourteachersoftentellus______(calm)downfirstwhenweareindanger.8.There______(be)anEnglishSummerCampnextmonth.Comeandjoinus.9.China_______(send)upseveralShenzhoumannedspacecraftintospacesince2003.10.TheTVprogramSuperBrain（最强大脑）issofantasticthatitiswellworth______(watch)．（十三）1.—CanyoutellmesomethingaboutThanksgivingDay?—Itcomesonthe(four)ThursdayinNovemberintheUSA.2.—CanheaskMr.Blackforhelp?—Sorry.Heshouldsolvetheproblemby(he).3.—Joe,wouldyoupleasedrivealittle(fast)thanbefore?—Nohurry.Wehaveenoughtimebeforethetrainleaves.4.—Howmany(visit)cometoJingzhoueveryyear?—Morethanonemillion,Ithink.5.—Whatdoyouthinkofthatcleverboy?—Heisavery(succeed)student,becauseheisinterestedinstudy.（十四）1.The______SundayinMayisMother'sDay.(two)2.Theteachertoldusnottogo______aloneintheriver,(swim)3.Iwanttobean______whenIgrowup.(invent)4.Shoutinginpublicis______.(polite)5.Weare______aboutthegoodnews.(excite)6.The______weexercise,thehealthierwe'llget.(much)7.Itis______thatmanydrinksarebadforourhealth,(say)8.Asastudent,weshouldlistentoteachers______.(careful)9.Itisverycoldoutside.Youhadbetter______onacoat,(put)10.Hetoldmehe______gototheGreatWalltomorrow,(will)（十五）1.Myfamilyliveonthe（five）floorofthetallbuilding.2.SimonandLindadidn'ttellusthenews.Theywantedtokeepthesecretto（they）.3.Young（read）arecrazyaboutGuoJingming'sbooks.4.Listen!Thelovelybirdsaresingingnicelyand（soft）inthetrees.5.Rickyhada（please）triptoLushanMountainlastspring.（十六）1.IfSimon_______(have)timenextweekend,hewillgotothezoo.2.How_______(care)youare!You’veknockedthecupoffthetableagain!3.Yesterdaywasthe_______(hot)dayoftheyear.4.Itseemedthatthevictimhadmany______(enemy).5.I’mpatient.Idon’tmind_______(wait)forpeople.（十七）1.Thechildrenoftenget_______(noise)intheclassroomafterclass.2.Sometimeshespendshisweekend________(fish).3.Several_______(foreign)cametovisitourschoollastweek.4.Ithinktheredskirtlooksas______(good)asthegreenone.5.Johnjustgothis_____(driver)license.6.Look!MrsLiisthere.Let’sgoandsayhelloto______(she)?7.Mymotheroften_____(enjoy)theTVplaysintheevening.8.Talkingloudlyinalibraryisvery______(polite).（十八）1.Theyaretryingtodosomething______(help)theold.2.Sallyprefersstayingathometo______(go)outonSundays.3.Howisyouruncle?Pleasesayhelloto____(he)forme.4.Nancyistooyoungtolookafter_______(she).Don’tleaveheralone.5.Recentlythedrought(干旱)isseriousinthe______(south)partofChina.6.Todaymoststudentscangotohighschoolforfurther_______(educate)inourcountry.7.We’redoingalotofactivitiestocelebratethe_____(ninety)birthdayoftheCommunistPartyofChina(中国共产党)thisyear.（十九）1.Whatshouldwedotohelpthe_______(home)peopleaftertheearthquake?2.Wedolotsofoutdoor_______(active)whenspringcomes.3.BythetimeIgotoutside,theschoolbus_______(leave).4.Timwasseen______(get)outofthesubwayatthestationonCentreStreet.5.I’veboughtapresentformyfather’s______(forty)birthday.（二十）1.Youcanmakea______(choose)amongthoseprogrammes.2.Thelittlegirlcameherebytrainallby______(she).3.Theladylooksmuchyoungerinthis______(fashion)dress.4.Ofthewintersinrecentyears,lastwinterwasthe______(dry)one.5.Thedoctorsinthehospitalaretryinganew______(treat)forcancer.（二十一）1.Climbuptothe_____floor,andyoucanenjoyabetterview.(eleven)2._____,Gracemadeuphermindtoliveabroadwithherdaughter.(final)3.Itisavery_____bookforlanguagelearnerstoimprovewritingskills.(use)4.Don'tworryaboutyourson.Heisoldenoughtobeindependentandliveby_____.(he)5.ThemovieKungfupanda11issureto_____alargenumberofteenagers.(attractive)6.Ifyoudon’tgoonadiet,itis_____foryoutoloseweight.(possible)7.Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecauseoftheserious_____.(pollute)8.Thegreat_____gavehisfirstshowinShanghaiandtheticketssoldoutinminutes.(art)（二十二）1.Thetwinbrothersalwayskeep______(argue)aboutwhatTVprogrammestowatch.2.It’seasyforlocalpeople______(choose)variousgoodsinSunnysideShoppingMall.3.Studentsinsomejuniorschoolscan______(learn)toplaytennisorbaseballinPElessons.4.TheBrucefamilyhadtogiveupcampinginthePurpleMountainonsucha______(fog)day.5.Manystudentsare______(happy)withtoomuchhomework.Theyneedmoretimefortheirhobbies.（二十三）1.He_____(weight)only70kilosnowaftertakingabalanceddiet.2.Sometimes,bodylanguageincommunicationisawonderfulway_____(express)ourselves.3.ThereisnodoubtthatMoyanisagreat_____(succeed)withNobelPrize.4.Thegovernmentshouldencouragesocialgroupstocareforthedisabledwho______(have)difficultyinlife.5.Thesongs_____(full)ofstrongfeelingsremindusofthe“goodolddays”.6.Someinventionsthatledtothecolorfulmoviesareonshow,_____(include)cameras.（二十四）1.Therewillbeacompositioncontestnamed“MyGoodTeacher”tocelebratethe________(30)Teachers’Day.2.WhenTomwasyoung,hisparentsweresobusythattheyalwayslefthimaloneby_____(he).3.Therearesix__________(French)talkingloudlyintheroom.4.Itrains____________(heavy)inGuizhouwhenthepeachesandplumarereadytoeatJune.5.The________(deep)youareinunderstanding,thebetteryou’llbeinyourwork.6.Thecook_________(cut)upthebananasandmixeditwithmilk.Themilkshaketastedverydelicious.7.Let’sstop_______(exercise)unhealthily,andwecanmakeabetterlife.8.Hedoeshisbestinorderthatthebookscan________(sell)out.9.Weshouldbebravewhenwemeetillnessand__________(difficult).10.Itis_______(luck)forhimtolosehiswalletandcellphoneontheplayground.（二十五）1.JustinBieber′sfirstsingle,OneTime,isaboutoneofhisfavourite______(topic),puppyl2.Thefirstcomputerswerebuiltinthe1940s,Theywereeven______(big)thancars.3.Healthyfoodandplentyofvitaminsaregoodforyourmemorytowork_____(proper).4.Igotanewbicyclefrommyfatheronmy(sixteen)birthday.Ilikeitverymuch.5.NiushouHillisanareaofnatural______(beautiful).Itattractslotsoftouristseveryspring.6.Wearingasmileonyourfacenotonlyhelpsyoumakefriendsbutalsomakesyou(feel)better.

构词法考点聚焦和精讲【中考构词法考点聚焦】1、转化法；2、派生法；3、合成法；4、截短法(缩略法)；5、混合法(混成法)；6、首尾字母缩略法。英语的构词法主要有：转化法、派生法、合成法、截短法(缩略法)、混合法(混成法)和首尾字母缩略法。一转化法在英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。考点1.动词转化为名词：很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。演练①Let’sgooutforawalk.我们到外面去散步吧。②Let’shaveaswim.咱们游泳吧。③Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。考点2.名词转化为动词：很多表示物件(如下①)，身体部位(如下②)，某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词，演练①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你订好飞机座位了吗？②Pleasehandmethebook.请把那本书递给我。③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。④Welunchedtogether.我们在一起吃了午餐。考点3.形容词转化为动词：有少数形容词可以转化为动词。演练1.Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。2.Hesloweddownatthecrossroad.他在十字路口减速。3.Pleasewarmupthecoldmeat.请把冷肉热一下。考点4.副词转化为动词：有少数副词可转化为动词。演练Murderwillout.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。考点5.形容词转化为名词：表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用，表示一类人，做主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。演练①Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。②Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。二派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。1.前缀：除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。考点（1）表示否定意义的前缀，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有：前缀例词dis-主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前disappear消失；dislike不喜欢；dishonest不诚实的；disorder混乱，骚乱；disadvantage缺点；dishonorable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible不可能的；impolite粗鲁的，无礼的in-常加在形容词，名词之前incorrect不正确的；informal非正式的；indirect间接的；inability无能力；inaccurate不准确的mis-加在动词、名词前mistake错误；misuse错用misunderstand误解；misjudge误判；misfortune不幸；un-主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面unhappy不愉快的；unlucky不幸的；untrue不真实的；unfair不公平的；unknown未知的，陌生的；unable不会/能的；unfriendly不友好的；unhealthy不健康的non-加在形容词、名词前non-existence不存在；non-essential非本质的，不重要的non-smoker非吸烟者ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面irregular不稳固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的，不能解决的de-加在名词、形容词前demobilize遣散，使…复员；decolor脱色，漂白anti-加在名词、形容词前边anti-Japanese抗日战争；antigas防毒气的；antisocial反社会的counter-加在名词、动词前counterattack反攻，反击；counteract抵抗阻碍；counterrevolution反革命il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的没有文化的；illogical不合逻辑的考点（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：前缀例词a-多构成表语形容词alone单独的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的auto-表示“自动”autochart自动图表；autobiography自传；Autonomous自治的co-表示“共同”cooperate合作；co-worker同事down-表示“往下”download下载；downstairs下楼en-表示“使……”enjoy使高兴；endanger（使）遇危险；enlarge变大；enable（使）能够fore-表示“前的”forehead额头；foresee预见inter-表示“互相，在……之间”internet互联网；international国际的kilo-表示“千”kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克，公斤man-表示“人，由人”man-made人造的，人工的，合成的mid-表示“中间的”midnight午夜；mid-autumn中秋micro-表示“微观的，小的”microfilm缩微胶卷；microphone话筒；micro-economy微观经济re-表示“重新，再；又”reuse再用；retel