图形学实验日志

计算机图形学实验日志指导教师杜欢实验时间：2010年10月28日学院计算机科学与技术专业计算机科学与技术班级0410805学号08100523姓名孙黎黎实验室s401实验题目：新手上路实验目的：1,熟悉编程环境；2,了解计算机绘图的特点；3,利用VC+OpenGL作为开发平台设计程序。4，掌握如何构造几何图元。实验要求：1，了解和使用VC的开发环境，理解简单的OpenGL程序结构。对VC6中的OPENGL开发环境进行简单配置。2，以交互的方式完成几何图形正方形的生成3，实验的核心算法（C参考程序）及实验结果4，VC6.0中OPENGL开发环境配置Windows环境下安装GLUT的步骤实验主要步骤：开发环境OpenGL的配置。<1>在windows环境下安装GLUT；<2>将glut.h,glut.lib,glut.dll分别放入到指定的文件夹内设置动态链接库；<3>在VC6.0中创建工程，并链接OpenGLlibraries（方法是：在VisualC++中先单击Project，再单击Settings，再找到Link单击，最后在Object/librarymodules的最前面加上opengl32.libGlut32.libGlaux.libglu32.lib。）<4>单击ProjectSettings中的C/C++标签，将Preprocessordefinitions中的_CONSOLE改为__WINDOWS。最后单击OK。算法为：#include<windows.h>#include<gl/gl.h>#include<gl/glaux.h>voidmain(charargv[]){auxInitDisplayMode(AUX_SINGLE|AUX_RGBA);//窗口的初始化auxInitPosition(0,0,500,500);auxInitWindow(argv[0]);glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);//设置背景色为黑色glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);//设置前景色为白色glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();glOrtho(-1.0,1.0,-1.0,1.0,-1.0,1.0);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);//构造几何元，开始。glVertex2f(-0.5,-0.5);glVertex2f(-0.5,0.5);glVertex2f(0.5,0.5);glVertex2f(0.5,-0.5);glEnd();//构造几何元，结束glFlush();Sleep(3000);}实验结果：心得体会：第一次做图形学实验，对图形学有很大兴趣，开始按照老师所说把代码拷进VC里面，由于开始没有调节OpenGL的配置，所以编译没通过。按照实验指导书上的步骤改了设置，调了几次，最终通过了。当看到运行出来的图形时，觉得很神奇，也挺有成就感的。于是觉得好好去探索图形学实验。接下来好好努力。计算机图形学实验日志指导教师邹洋实验时间：2010年11月11日学院计算机科学与技术专业计算机科学与技术班级0410805学号08100523姓名孙黎黎实验室s401实验题目：给图形着色实验目的：掌握OpenGL中一些常用函数；掌握两种不同的着色方法：Flatcoloring（单调着色），Smoothcoloring（平滑着色）；实验要求：完成一个三角形的平滑着色和一个正方形的单调着色的显示算法；体会二者的区别，给出显示结果；实验主要步骤：同实验一一样，先进行开发环境的配置及创建工程，方法同实验一；实验核心代码如下：#include"StdAfx.h"//HeaderFileForWindows #include<stdio.h> //HeaderFileForStandardInput/Output#include<math.h> //HeaderFileForTheMathLibrary#include<gl\gl.h> //HeaderFileForTheOpenGL32Library#include<gl\glu.h> //HeaderFileForTheGLu32Library#include<gl\glaux.h> //HeaderFileForTheGlauxLibrary#pragmacomment(lib,"GLAUX.LIB")#pragmacomment(lib,"GLU32.LIB")#pragmacomment(lib,"OPENGL32.LIB")HDC hDC=NULL; //PrivateGDIDeviceContextHGLRC hRC=NULL; //PermanentRenderingContextHWND hWnd=NULL; //HoldsOurWindowHandleHINSTANCE hInstance; //HoldsTheInstanceOfTheApplicationbool keys[256]; //ArrayUsedForTheKeyboardRoutinebool active=TRUE; //WindowActiveFlagSetToTRUEByDefaultbool fullscreen=TRUE; //FullscreenFlagSetToFullscreenModeByDefaultfloatpoints[45][45][3];//TheArrayForThePointsOnTheGridOfOur"Wave"intwiggle_count=0; //CounterUsedToControlHowFastFlagWavesGLfloat xrot; //XRotation(NEW)GLfloat yrot; //YRotation(NEW)GLfloat zrot; //ZRotation(NEW)GLfloathold; //TemporarilyHoldsAFloatingPointValueGLuint texture[1]; //StorageForOneTexture(NEW)LRESULT CALLBACKWndProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM); //DeclarationForWndProcGLvoidReSizeGLScene(GLsizeiwidth,GLsizeiheight) //ResizeAndInitializeTheGLWindow{ if(height==0) //PreventADivideByZeroBy { height=1; //MakingHeightEqualOne } glViewport(0,0,width,height); //ResetTheCurrentViewport glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); //SelectTheProjectionMatrix glLoadIdentity(); //ResetTheProjectionMatrix //CalculateTheAspectRatioOfTheWindow gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //SelectTheModelviewMatrix glLoadIdentity(); //ResetTheModelviewMatrix}intInitGL(GLvoid) //AllSetupForOpenGLGoesHere{glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);//启用阴影平滑glClearDepth(1.0f);//设置深度缓存glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);//启用深度测试glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);//所作深度测试的类型glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);//真正精细的透视修正returnTRUE; //InitializationWentOK}intDrawGLScene(GLvoid)//此过程中包括所有的绘制代码{glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);//清除屏幕及深度缓存glLoadIdentity();//重置模型观察矩阵glTranslatef(-1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f);//左移1.5单位，并移入屏幕6.0glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);//绘制三角形glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//设置当前色为红色glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//上顶点glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//设置当前色为绿色glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);//左下glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);//设置当前色为蓝色glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);//右下glEnd();//三角形绘制结束glTranslatef(3.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//右移3单位glColor3f(0.5f,0.5f,1.0f);//一次性将当前色设置为蓝色glBegin(GL_QUADS);//绘制正方形glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//左上glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//右上glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);//左下glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);//右下glEnd();//正方形绘制结束returnTRUE;//继续运行}GLvoidKillGLWindow(GLvoid) //ProperlyKillTheWindow{ if(fullscreen) //AreWeInFullscreenMode? { ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL,0); //IfSoSwitchBackToTheDesktop ShowCursor(TRUE); //ShowMousePointer } if(hRC) //DoWeHaveARenderingContext? { if(!wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL)) //AreWeAbleToReleaseTheDCAndRCContexts? { MessageBox(NULL,"ReleaseOfDCAndRCFailed.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); } if(!wglDeleteContext(hRC)) //AreWeAbleToDeleteTheRC? { MessageBox(NULL,"ReleaseRenderingContextFailed.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); } hRC=NULL; //SetRCToNULL } if(hDC&&!ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC)) //AreWeAbleToReleaseTheDC { MessageBox(NULL,"ReleaseDeviceContextFailed.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); hDC=NULL; //SetDCToNULL } if(hWnd&&!DestroyWindow(hWnd)) //AreWeAbleToDestroyTheWindow? { MessageBox(NULL,"CouldNotReleasehWnd.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); hWnd=NULL; //SethWndToNULL } if(!UnregisterClass("OpenGL",hInstance)) //AreWeAbleToUnregisterClass { MessageBox(NULL,"CouldNotUnregisterClass.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); hInstance=NULL; //SethInstanceToNULL }}BOOLCreateGLWindow(char*title,intwidth,intheight,intbits,boolfullscreenflag){ GLuint PixelFormat; //HoldsTheResultsAfterSearchingForAMatch WNDCLASS wc; //WindowsClassStructure DWORD dwExStyle; //WindowExtendedStyle DWORD dwStyle; //WindowStyle RECT WindowRect; //GrabsRectangleUpperLeft/LowerRightValues WindowRect.left=(long)0; //SetLeftValueTo0 WindowRect.right=(long)width; //SetRightValueToRequestedWidth WindowRect.top=(long)0; //SetTopValueTo0 WindowRect.bottom=(long)height; //SetBottomValueToRequestedHeight fullscreen=fullscreenflag; //SetTheGlobalFullscreenFlag hInstance =GetModuleHandle(NULL); //GrabAnInstanceForOurWindow wc.style =CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_OWNDC; //RedrawOnSize,AndOwnDCForWindow. wc.lpfnWndProc =(WNDPROC)WndProc; //WndProcHandlesMessages wc.cbClsExtra =0; //NoExtraWindowData wc.cbWndExtra =0; //NoExtraWindowData wc.hInstance =hInstance; //SetTheInstance wc.hIcon =LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_WINLOGO); //LoadTheDefaultIcon wc.hCursor =LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW); //LoadTheArrowPointer wc.hbrBackground =NULL; //NoBackgroundRequiredForGL wc.lpszMenuName =NULL; //WeDon'tWantAMenu wc.lpszClassName ="OpenGL"; //SetTheClassName if(!RegisterClass(&wc)) //AttemptToRegisterTheWindowClass { MessageBox(NULL,"FailedToRegisterTheWindowClass.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } if(fullscreen) //AttemptFullscreenMode? { DEVMODEdmScreenSettings; //DeviceMode memset(&dmScreenSettings,0,sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); //MakesSureMemory'sCleared dmScreenSettings.dmSize=sizeof(dmScreenSettings); //SizeOfTheDevmodeStructure dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth =width; //SelectedScreenWidth dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight =height; //SelectedScreenHeight dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel =bits; //SelectedBitsPerPixel dmScreenSettings.dmFields=DM_BITSPERPEL|DM_PELSWIDTH|DM_PELSHEIGHT; //TryToSetSelectedModeAndGetResults.NOTE:CDS_FULLSCREENGetsRidOfStartBar. if(ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings,CDS_FULLSCREEN)!=DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL) { //IfTheModeFails,OfferTwoOptions.QuitOrUseWindowedMode. if(MessageBox(NULL,"TheRequestedFullscreenModeIsNotSupportedBy\nYourVideoCard.UseWindowedModeInstead?","NeHeGL",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION)==IDYES) { fullscreen=FALSE; //WindowedModeSelected.Fullscreen=FALSE } else { //PopUpAMessageBoxLettingUserKnowTheProgramIsClosing. MessageBox(NULL,"ProgramWillNowClose.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } } } if(fullscreen) //AreWeStillInFullscreenMode? { dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW; //WindowExtendedStyle dwStyle=WS_POPUP; //WindowsStyle ShowCursor(FALSE); //HideMousePointer } else { dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW|WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE; //WindowExtendedStyle dwStyle=WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; //WindowsStyle } AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect,dwStyle,FALSE,dwExStyle); //AdjustWindowToTrueRequestedSize //CreateTheWindow if(!(hWnd=CreateWindowEx( dwExStyle, //ExtendedStyleForTheWindow "OpenGL", //ClassName title, //WindowTitle dwStyle| //DefinedWindowStyle WS_CLIPSIBLINGS| //RequiredWindowStyle WS_CLIPCHILDREN, //RequiredWindowStyle 0,0, //WindowPosition WindowRect.right-WindowRect.left, //CalculateWindowWidth WindowRect.bottom-WindowRect.top, //CalculateWindowHeight NULL, //NoParentWindow NULL, //NoMenu hInstance, //Instance NULL))) //DontPassAnythingToWM_CREATE { KillGLWindow(); //ResetTheDisplay MessageBox(NULL,"WindowCreationError.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTORpfd= //pfdTellsWindowsHowWeWantThingsToBe { sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), //SizeOfThisPixelFormatDescriptor 1, //VersionNumber PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW| //FormatMustSupportWindow PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL| //FormatMustSupportOpenGL PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, //MustSupportDoubleBuffering PFD_TYPE_RGBA, //RequestAnRGBAFormat bits, //SelectOurColorDepth 0,0,0,0,0,0, //ColorBitsIgnored 0, //NoAlphaBuffer 0, //ShiftBitIgnored 0, //NoAccumulationBuffer 0,0,0,0, //AccumulationBitsIgnored 16, //16BitZ-Buffer(DepthBuffer) 0, //NoStencilBuffer 0, //NoAuxiliaryBuffer PFD_MAIN_PLANE, //MainDrawingLayer 0, //Reserved 0,0,0 //LayerMasksIgnored }; if(!(hDC=GetDC(hWnd))) //DidWeGetADeviceContext? { KillGLWindow(); //ResetTheDisplay MessageBox(NULL,"Can'tCreateAGLDeviceContext.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } if(!(PixelFormat=ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pfd))) //DidWindowsFindAMatchingPixelFormat? { KillGLWindow(); //ResetTheDisplay MessageBox(NULL,"Can'tFindASuitablePixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,PixelFormat,&pfd)) //AreWeAbleToSetThePixelFormat? { KillGLWindow(); //ResetTheDisplay MessageBox(NULL,"Can'tSetThePixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } if(!(hRC=wglCreateContext(hDC))) //AreWeAbleToGetARenderingContext? { KillGLWindow(); //ResetTheDisplay MessageBox(NULL,"Can'tCreateAGLRenderingContext.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } if(!wglMakeCurrent(hDC,hRC)) //TryToActivateTheRenderingContext { KillGLWindow(); //ResetTheDisplay MessageBox(NULL,"Can'tActivateTheGLRenderingContext.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW); //ShowTheWindow SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); //SlightlyHigherPriority SetFocus(hWnd); //SetsKeyboardFocusToTheWindow ReSizeGLScene(width,height); //SetUpOurPerspectiveGLScreen if(!InitGL()) //InitializeOurNewlyCreatedGLWindow { KillGLWindow(); //ResetTheDisplay MessageBox(NULL,"InitializationFailed.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } returnTRUE; //Success}LRESULTCALLBACKWndProc( HWND hWnd, //HandleForThisWindow UINT uMsg, //MessageForThisWindow WPARAM wParam, //AdditionalMessageInformation LPARAM lParam) //AdditionalMessageInformation{ switch(uMsg) //CheckForWindowsMessages { caseWM_ACTIVATE: //WatchForWindowActivateMessage { if(!HIWORD(wParam)) //CheckMinimizationState { active=TRUE; //ProgramIsActive } else { active=FALSE; //ProgramIsNoLongerActive } return0; //ReturnToTheMessageLoop } caseWM_SYSCOMMAND: //InterceptSystemCommands { switch(wParam) //CheckSystemCalls { caseSC_SCREENSAVE: //ScreensaverTryingToStart? caseSC_MONITORPOWER: //MonitorTryingToEnterPowersave? return0; //PreventFromHappening } break; //Exit } caseWM_CLOSE: //DidWeReceiveACloseMessage? { PostQuitMessage(0); //SendAQuitMessage return0; //JumpBack } caseWM_KEYDOWN: //IsAKeyBeingHeldDown? { keys[wParam]=TRUE; //IfSo,MarkItAsTRUE return0; //JumpBack } caseWM_KEYUP: //HasAKeyBeenReleased? { keys[wParam]=FALSE; //IfSo,MarkItAsFALSE return0; //JumpBack } caseWM_SIZE: //ResizeTheOpenGLWindow { ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam));//LoWord=Width,HiWord=Height return0; //JumpBack } } //PassAllUnhandledMessagesToDefWindowProc returnDefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);}intWINAPIWinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, //Instance HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, //PreviousInstance LPSTR lpCmdLine, //CommandLineParameters int nCmdShow) //WindowShowState{ MSG msg; //WindowsMessageStructure BOOL done=FALSE; //BoolVariableToExitLoop //AskTheUserWhichScreenModeTheyPrefer if(MessageBox(NULL,"WouldYouLikeToRunInFullscreenMode?","StartFullScreen?",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDNO) { fullscreen=FALSE; //WindowedMode } if(!CreateGLWindow("bosco&NeHe'sWavingTextureTutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)) { return0; //QuitIfWindowWasNotCreated } while(!done) //LoopThatRunsWhiledone=FALSE { if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE)) //IsThereAMessageWaiting? { if(msg.message==WM_QUIT) //HaveWeReceivedAQuitMessage? { done=TRUE; //IfSodone=TRUE } else //IfNot,DealWithWindowMessages { TranslateMessage(&msg); //TranslateTheMessage DispatchMessage(&msg); //DispatchTheMessage } } else //IfThereAreNoMessages { //DrawTheScene.WatchForESCKeyAndQuitMessagesFromDrawGLScene() if((active&&!DrawGLScene())||keys[VK_ESCAPE]) //Active?WasThereAQuitReceived? { done=TRUE; //ESCorDrawGLSceneSignalledAQuit } else //NotTimeToQuit,UpdateScreen { SwapBuffers(hDC); //SwapBuffers(DoubleBuffering) } if(keys[VK_F1]) //IsF1BeingPressed? { keys[VK_F1]=FALSE; //IfSoMakeKeyFALSE KillGLWindow(); //KillOurCurrentWindow fullscreen=!fullscreen; //ToggleFullscreen/WindowedMode //RecreateOurOpenGLWindow if(!CreateGLWindow("bosco&NeHe'sWavingTextureTutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)) { return0; //QuitIfWindowWasNotCreated } } } }实验结果：心得体会：本次实验，要更改同文件名，将#include"windows.h"改为#include"StdAfx.h"就对了，图形学实验虽然结果很令人兴奋，利用前面的知识和本次实验新学习的方法实现了这个功能，取得非常大的作用。取得了非常好的效果。计算机图形学实验日志指导教师邹洋实验时间：2010年11月25日学院计算机科学与技术专业计算机科学与技术班级0410805学号08100523姓名孙黎黎实验室s401实验题目：图形的转动实验目的：掌握图形旋转几何变换的算法，并利用这些算法对实验二给出的彩色图形进行几何换。实验要求：1，对实验二中的三角形和正方形的程序代码进行调整，使三角形绕Y轴左右旋转，正方形绕X轴上下旋转。2，思考若让对象绕着Z轴、X+Y轴或者所有三个轴来转动该怎么做。3，动态显示给定三角形与正方形的变化过程。实验主要步骤：同实验一一样，先进行开发环境的配置及创建工程，方法同实验一；实验核心代码如下：,#include"StdAfx.h"//HeaderFileForWindows#include<stdio.h> //HeaderFileForStandardInput/Output#include<math.h> //HeaderFileForTheMathLibrary#include<gl\gl.h> //HeaderFileForTheOpenGL32Library#include<gl\glu.h> //HeaderFileForTheGLu32Library#include<gl\glaux.h> //HeaderFileForTheGlauxLibrary#pragmacomment(lib,"GLAUX.LIB")#pragmacomment(lib,"GLU32.LIB")#pragmacomment(lib,"OPENGL32.LIB")HDC hDC=NULL; //PrivateGDIDeviceContextHGLRC hRC=NULL; //PermanentRenderingContextHWND hWnd=NULL; //HoldsOurWindowHandleHINSTANCE hInstance; //HoldsTheInstanceOfTheApplicationbool keys[256]; //ArrayUsedForTheKeyboardRoutinebool active=TRUE; //WindowActiveFlagSetToTRUEByDefaultbool fullscreen=TRUE; //FullscreenFlagSetToFullscreenModeByDefaultGLfloatrtri;//用于三角形的角度(新增)GLfloatrquad;//用于四边形的角度(新增)floatpoints[45][45][3];//TheArrayForThePointsOnTheGridOfOur"Wave"intwiggle_count=0; //CounterUsedToControlHowFastFlagWavesGLfloat xrot; //XRotation(NEW)GLfloat yrot; //YRotation(NEW)GLfloat zrot; //ZRotation(NEW)GLfloathold; //TemporarilyHoldsAFloatingPointValueGLuint texture[1]; //StorageForOneTexture(NEW)LRESULT CALLBACKWndProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM); //DeclarationForWndProcGLvoidReSizeGLScene(GLsizeiwidth,GLsizeiheight) //ResizeAndInitializeTheGLWindow{ if(height==0) //PreventADivideByZeroBy { height=1; //MakingHeightEqualOne } glViewport(0,0,width,height); //ResetTheCurrentViewport glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); //SelectTheProjectionMatrix glLoadIdentity(); //ResetTheProjectionMatrix //CalculateTheAspectRatioOfTheWindow gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //SelectTheModelviewMatrix glLoadIdentity(); //ResetTheModelviewMatrix}intInitGL(GLvoid) //AllSetupForOpenGLGoesHere{glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);//启用阴影平滑glClearDepth(1.0f);//设置深度缓存glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);//启用深度测试glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);//所作深度测试的类型glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);//真正精细的透视修正returnTRUE; //InitializationWentOK}intDrawGLScene(GLvoid)//此过程中包括所有的绘制代码{glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);//清除屏幕及深度缓存glLoadIdentity();//重置模型观察矩阵glTranslatef(-1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f);//左移1.5单位，并移入屏幕6.0glRotatef(rtri,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//绕Y轴旋转三角形(新增)glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);//绘制三角形glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//设置当前色为红色glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//上顶点glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//设置当前色为绿色glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);//左下glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);//设置当前色为蓝色glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);//右下glEnd();//三角形绘制结束glLoadIdentity();//重置模型观察矩阵glTranslatef(1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f);//右移1.5单位,并移入屏幕6.0glRotatef(rquad,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//绕X轴旋转四边形(新增)glColor3f(0.5f,0.5f,1.0f);//一次性将当前色设置为蓝色glBegin(GL_QUADS);//绘制正方形glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//左上glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//右上glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);//左下glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);//右下glEnd();//正方形绘制结束rtri+=0.2f;//增加三角形的旋转变量(新增)rquad-=0.15f;//减少四边形的旋转变量(新增)returnTRUE;//继续运行}GLvoidKillGLWindow(GLvoid) //ProperlyKillTheWindow{ if(fullscreen) //AreWeInFullscreenMode? { ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL,0); //IfSoSwitchBackToTheDesktop ShowCursor(TRUE); //ShowMousePointer } if(hRC) //DoWeHaveARenderingContext? { if(!wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL)) //AreWeAbleToReleaseTheDCAndRCContexts? { MessageBox(NULL,"ReleaseOfDCAndRCFailed.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); } if(!wglDeleteContext(hRC)) //AreWeAbleToDeleteTheRC? { MessageBox(NULL,"ReleaseRenderingContextFailed.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); } hRC=NULL; //SetRCToNULL } if(hDC&&!ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC)) //AreWeAbleToReleaseTheDC { MessageBox(NULL,"ReleaseDeviceContextFailed.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); hDC=NULL; //SetDCToNULL } if(hWnd&&!DestroyWindow(hWnd)) //AreWeAbleToDestroyTheWindow? { MessageBox(NULL,"CouldNotReleasehWnd.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); hWnd=NULL; //SethWndToNULL } if(!UnregisterClass("OpenGL",hInstance)) //AreWeAbleToUnregisterClass { MessageBox(NULL,"CouldNotUnregisterClass.","SHUTDOWNERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONINFORMATION); hInstance=NULL; //SethInstanceToNULL }}/* ThisCodeCreatesOurOpenGLWindow.ParametersAre: ** title -TitleToAppearAtTheTopOfTheWindow ** width -WidthOfTheGLWindowOrFullscreenMode ** height -HeightOfTheGLWindowOrFullscreenMode ** bits -NumberOfBitsToUseForColor(8/16/24/32) ** fullscreenflag -UseFullscreenMode(TRUE)OrWindowedMode(FALSE) */BOOLCreateGLWindow(char*title,intwidth,intheight,intbits,boolfullscreenflag){ GLuint PixelFormat; //HoldsTheResultsAfterSearchingForAMatch WNDCLASS wc; //WindowsClassStructure DWORD dwExStyle; //WindowExtendedStyle DWORD dwStyle; //WindowStyle RECT WindowRect; //GrabsRectangleUpperLeft/LowerRightValues WindowRect.left=(long)0; //SetLeftValueTo0 WindowRect.right=(long)width; //SetRightValueToRequestedWidth WindowRect.top=(long)0; //SetTopValueTo0 WindowRect.bottom=(long)height; //SetBottomValueToRequestedHeight fullscreen=fullscreenflag; //SetTheGlobalFullscreenFlag hInstance =GetModuleHandle(NULL); //GrabAnInstanceForOurWindow wc.style =CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_OWNDC; //RedrawOnSize,AndOwnDCForWindow. wc.lpfnWndProc =(WNDPROC)WndProc; //WndProcHandlesMessages wc.cbClsExtra =0; //NoExtraWindowData wc.cbWndExtra =0; //NoExtraWindowData wc.hInstance =hInstance; //SetTheInstance wc.hIcon =LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_WINLOGO); //LoadTheDefaultIcon wc.hCursor =LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW); //LoadTheArrowPointer wc.hbrBackground =NULL; //NoBackgroundRequiredForGL wc.lpszMenuName =NULL; //WeDon'tWantAMenu wc.lpszClassName ="OpenGL"; //SetTheClassName if(!RegisterClass(&wc)) //AttemptToRegisterTheWindowClass { MessageBox(NULL,"FailedToRegisterTheWindowClass.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } if(fullscreen) //AttemptFullscreenMode? { DEVMODEdmScreenSettings; //DeviceMode memset(&dmScreenSettings,0,sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); //MakesSureMemory'sCleared dmScreenSettings.dmSize=sizeof(dmScreenSettings); //SizeOfTheDevmodeStructure dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth =width; //SelectedScreenWidth dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight =height; //SelectedScreenHeight dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel =bits; //SelectedBitsPerPixel dmScreenSettings.dmFields=DM_BITSPERPEL|DM_PELSWIDTH|DM_PELSHEIGHT; //TryToSetSelectedModeAndGetResults.NOTE:CDS_FULLSCREENGetsRidOfStartBar. if(ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings,CDS_FULLSCREEN)!=DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL) { //IfTheModeFails,OfferTwoOptions.QuitOrUseWindowedMode. if(MessageBox(NULL,"TheRequestedFullscreenModeIsNotSupportedBy\nYourVideoCard.UseWindowedModeInstead?","NeHeGL",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION)==IDYES) { fullscreen=FALSE; //WindowedModeSelected.Fullscreen=FALSE } else { //PopUpAMessageBoxLettingUserKnowTheProgramIsClosing. MessageBox(NULL,"ProgramWillNowClose.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } } } if(fullscreen) //AreWeStillInFullscreenMode? { dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW; //WindowExtendedStyle dwStyle=WS_POPUP; //WindowsStyle ShowCursor(FALSE); //HideMousePointer } else { dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW|WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE; //WindowExtendedStyle dwStyle=WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; //WindowsStyle } AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect,dwStyle,FALSE,dwExStyle); //AdjustWindowToTrueRequestedSize //CreateTheWindow if(!(hWnd=CreateWindowEx( dwExStyle, //ExtendedStyleForTheWindow "OpenGL", //ClassName title, //WindowTitle dwStyle| //DefinedWindowStyle WS_CLIPSIBLINGS| //RequiredWindowStyle WS_CLIPCHILDREN, //RequiredWindowStyle 0,0, //WindowPosition WindowRect.right-WindowRect.left, //CalculateWindowWidth WindowRect.bottom-WindowRect.top, //CalculateWindowHeight NULL, //NoParentWindow NULL, //NoMenu hInstance, //Instance NULL))) //DontPassAnythingToWM_CREATE { KillGLWindow(); //ResetTheDisplay MessageBox(NULL,"WindowCreationError.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); returnFALSE; //ReturnFALSE } static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTORpfd= //pfdTellsWindowsHowWeWantThingsToBe { sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), //SizeOfThisPixelFormatDescriptor 1, //VersionNumber PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW| //FormatMustSupportWindow PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL| //FormatMustSupportOpenGL PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, //MustSupportDoubleBuffering PFD_TYPE_RGBA, //RequestAnRGBAFormat bits, //SelectOurColorDepth 0,0,0,0,0,0, //ColorBitsIgnored 0, //NoAlphaBuffer 0, //ShiftBitIgnored 0, //NoAccumulationBuffer 0,0,0,0, //AccumulationBitsIgnored 16, //16BitZ-Buffer(DepthBuffer) 0, //NoStencilBuffer 0, //NoAuxiliaryBuffer PFD_MAIN_PLANE, //MainDrawingLayer 0, //Reserved 0,0,0 //LayerMasksIgnored }; if(!(hDC=GetDC(hWnd))) //DidWeGetADeviceContext? { KillGLWindow();