辽宁省2023-2024学年高二上学期期末测试英语试卷（含答案）

辽宁省2023-2024学年高二上学期期末测试英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、第一部分：阅读，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。VUEUFROMHERETheGreatOutdoorsFebruary2023Givingawinterskillcourseago●4FEBRUARYRombaldsStrideYORKSHIREDALESOrganizedbythe15thAiredaleScoutGroup,theRombaldsStrideWinterChallengesisa23-milewalkingorrunningroutetakinginsomeofYorkshire'sfinestscenery.You'llascendtheAiredaleValley,overRombaldsMoortoHkleyandacrossOtleyChevin.Cost:$12rombaldsstride.co.uk●16-19FEBRUARYFortWilliamMOUNTAINFESTIVALScotland'soutdoorcapitalwelcomesyouforapackedprogrammeofeventsinspiredbyitshighplaces.Fromsessionstoawardceremoniesandfilmscreenings,aswellasascheduleofguidedwalksandruns,theactivitiesareasvariedasthelandscape.Cost:variesmountainfestival.co.uk●21-22FEBRUARYCaravan,Camping&MotorhomeShowBIRMINGHAMWithmorethan350exhibitorstandsshowcasingtheirlatestandgreatestproducts,thishugeshowistheplacetobeifyou'reonthelookoutforatouringcaravan,amotorhomeoracampervan.You'llalsobeabletobrowseahugearrayoftents,tiltedtowardsthefamilyandcarcampingmarket,plusawidearrayofaccessoriesandgadgets,fromsleepsystemstostanduppaddleboards.Cost:$12peradult,under15freeCcmshow.co.uk●23-24FEBRUARYWinterSkillsandWildCampingGLENCOEThistwo-daycoursewillhelpyouhoneyourwinterskillsandcombineyournew-foundknowledgewithahighwinterwildcamp(andsunset,weatherpermitting!)withreducedlegwork.BasedaroundGlencoeandKinlochleven,thecourseisprovidedbyqualifiedguidesonbehalfofRichMountainExperiences.Campinggearcanbesupplied.Cost:$250richmountainexperiences.co.uk●22-28FEBRUARYTheWinterreverseDARTMOORStartyournewyearwithabigdoseofwinterandawalkorrunacrossDartmoor.Thisfullysupported50kmjourneyfromsouthtonorth,throughsomeofthemostremotepartsofthemoors,ismorechallengethanrace.Whilstgoodfitnessisrequired,walkerscanchoosetobeaccompaniedbylocalMountainLeaderswithfirstaidcover.Cost:$255-275climbsouthuest.com1．Whatkindofcoursewillyoutakeifyouwanttoenjoyaguidedwalkingandrunning?A．YORKSHIREDALES.B．MOUNTAINFESTIVAL.C．BIRMINGHAM.D．GLENCOE．2．Iftheparentswiththeir14-year-olddaughterareinterestedinCaravan,Camping&MotorhomeShow,howmuchwilltheypay?A．$24. B．$27. C．$39. D．$25.3．InTheWinterreversecourse,whatspecialservicecanbeoffered?A．Thelocalguides'company.B．Somewinterskillslikerunning.C．Necessaryfirstaid.D．Newfoundknowledge.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。It'sgettingclosetomidnight,andclosetomydestination—milemarker133onAlaska'sGlennHighway,whereI'montheroadtorealizealifelongdream.I'mgoingtoseethenorthernlights.IamScott'sonlycustomertonight,butwhetherit'sonepersonorabridalpartyfromJapan,theprofessionalphotographerandvideographerlovestocomeputheretowitnessoneofnature'smostspectacularshows—andtoshareitwithothers."Ican'ttellyouhowmuchjoyIgetfromseeingthesmileonpeople'sfaces.That'sworthitrightthere.That'sthereasonwhyIdotours,"hesays.Iemergefromthevanintominus6degrees.Abazillionstarssparkle,andtheMilkyWaypoursoverhead.Whatlookslikeagraystreamofcloudarcheslowoverthehorizon."That'sit!"saysScott.Really?That'sit?Ispent13hoursinplanesandairports,andthendrove2.5hourstoseeagraybelt?"Patience,"hesays."Itwillgetbetter.Waittill2am.That'susuallythebesttime."Aurora(极光)tourismiscombinedwithwinteractivitieslikeicefishing,snowmachinerides,andhotsprings.Asauroraguidesandscientistswilltellyou,there'snoguaranteeofasighting.ButFairbanksisastatisticallygoodbetbecauseofitsnorthernlocationandfreedomfromcoastalclouds,whichcanbeachallengeforAnchorage.Travelersarerecommendedtoputasideatleastthreenightstoimproveyourchancesofviewing,withtheideathatyou'llbeupmuchofthenighteachtime.EachtimehewakesmeandIstepoutside,itappearsmoreglorious.Atfirst,afuzzthesizeofahoneydewfloatsalongthehorizon.Anothertime,abroadgreenlinestretchesacrossthesky,followedbyashorttail."Doyouseethered?"Scottasks.Hehasmelookthroughhiscamera.Itcanseemorecolorthanthenakedeye.Finally,asifplayingavisualsymphonictune,agiantlineofphosphorous(发磷光的)greenseemstoswoopdowntothetreetopsanddollopthemwithacurlicueswirl.I'msmilinginsideandout.Wecangonow.4．WhatmakesScottliketodoauroratourism?A．Thechancetotakespectacularphotos.B．Thehappinessoftourists.C．Thepartytoenjoythenortherlights.D．Hislifelongdream.5．WhatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromParagraph3?A．Shefeltveryangry.B．Shewasquitethrilled.C．Shewasalittledisappointed.D．Shegraduallylostherpatience.6．WhyisFairbanksanidealplacetoenjoythenorthernlights?A．Itoffersvisitorsaguaranteedsighting.B．It'slocatedintheAntarcticCircle.C．Ithaswinteractivitiesfortravelers.D．It'sfreefromcoastalcloudyweather.7．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thebeautyofaurora.B．Scott'scamera.C．Theauthor'sdeparture.D．Theshapesofnorthernlights.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Areyouaddictedtosocialmedia?Youmaythinkyoucanquititanytimeyouwant,butyourbodyandbrainmaynotagree.Stayingdeeplyconnectedtoyoursocialnetworkscanbecostly.Researcherstookalookathownon-stopsocialnetworkingcanactuallychangeyourbrain.Socialmediasitesareusedbyonethirdoftheglobalpopulation,and5—10%areunabletocontroltheironlineusageduetoapsychologicaladdiction.Researcherscallthisaddictionasubstanceaddiction,namely,asimilareffectofdrugoralcoholonaddicts.Thereisadeclineinthewhitematter(脑白质)thatcontrolsemotionalprocessinganddecisionmaking,largelybecausesocialmediaprovidesanimmediatereward.Whenyoupostsomethingonlineandsomeone"likes"it,yougettheimmediatereward—people'spraise,andthenyourbrainbeginstolongfortheserewards.It'sjustlikehowadrugworks.Researchersalsolookedathowmultitaskingaffectsthebrain.Whenyouaredealingwithavarietyoftasks,devices,andwebsites,youhavetoconstantlyswitchyourthinkingmodes,whichusuallyleadstotheunbalanceddistributionofattention.Also,multitaskingcoulddamageyourabilitytocommittomemory.Considerwhathappenswhenyourphonevibrates(振动).Youfeelthevibrationandninetimesoutoften,youpullyourphonesouttocheck,whichwilldistractyoufromwhatyouaredoing.Ofcoursethereisnothingwrongwithusingsocialmediatostayintouchwithfamily,friends,andcolleagues,butaswitheverythingelseinlife,moderation(适度)isthekey.Moderationcannotonlyhelpusontask,butalsohelpcontrolthesideeffectsfromoverstimulatingourbrainswithsocialmedia,mobiledevices,andscreentime.8．What'sthepurposeofParagraph1?A．Toraiseaquestion. B．Togiveanexample.C．Tobringupthetopic. D．Tomakeananalysis.9．What'sthereasonbehindpeople'snon-stopsocialnetworking?A．Theirfragilebrainstructure.B．TheconvenientInternetaccess.C．Thepressurefromfastcitylife.D．Theirmentaldependenceonit.10．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingoutcomescanmultitaskingbringabout?A．Animprovementintimemanagement.B．Adeclineincreativity.C．Adecreaseinworkingefficiency.D．Anincreaseinsensibility.11．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardssocialmedia?A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Critical.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Theshinyleavesandbranchingrootsofmangroves(红树林)inAustraliaareeye-catching,andnowastudyprovidesuswithnewfindingsaboutthetrees.Long-termtidalcycles(潮汐周期),inlargepart,setinmotiontheexpansionandcontractionofmangroveforestsbythemoondrive,researchersreportinScienceAdvances.Thisdiscoveryiskeytopredictingwhenmangrovesaremostlikelytogrowfast.Mangrovesarecoastaltrees,whicharegoodatabsorbingcarbonandcouldhelpfightclimatechange,thatprovidehabitatforfishandfightagainsterosion(侵蚀).Butinsomeplaces,theforestsfaceplentyofmenaces,includingcoastaldevelopment,pollutionandlandclearingforagriculture.NeilSaintilan,anenvironmentalscientistinSydney,workedouthowthesizeandthicknessofmangroveforestsacrossAustraliachangedovertime.Saintilannoticedacuriouspattern.Mangroveforeststendedtoexpandandcontractinacertainmanner."Isawthis33-yearregularchange,"Saintilansaid.Thatregularitygottheresearchersthinkingaboutthemoon.Overthecourseof33years,theplane(平面)ofthemoon'sorbitaroundEarthslowlytilts(倾斜).Whenthemoon'sorbitistheleasttiltedrelativetotheequator,semi-diurnaltides(半日潮)—whichconsistoftwohighandlowtideseachday—tendtohavealargerrange.Saintilanfoundthatmangroveforestsexperiencingsemi-diurnaltidestendedtobelargeranddenserpreciselywhenhighertideswereexpectedbasedonthemoon'sorbit,whichcoulddelivermuchmorewaterandnecessarynutrientstomangroves.Itisimportanttorecognizethiseffectonmangrovepopulations.Suchknowledgecouldinformeffortstoprotectandrestoretheforests,thuspromotingthegrowthofthesetrees.Thatmightlooklikeaddedlimitationsonhumanactivitynearbythatcouldharmtheforests.Butpeopleshouldbemorereactive.12．WhichofthefollowingcanbeindicatedfromthenewstudyaboutAustralianmangroves?A．Theycanpredictthemotionofthemoon.B．Theirfavorablegrowthtimeispredictable.C．Theirfunctionsarebeyondnormalimagination.D．Theydowellintransformingcarbonintooxygen.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"menaces"probablymeaninParagraph2?A．Doubts. B．Threats C．Opportunities. D．Solutions.14．Howdoesthemoonaffectmangroves'growthinAustralia?A．Bydecreasingtheappearanceoflowtides.B．BytiltingfrequentlytooffermoretidesfortheEarth.C．Bydrivingtidestoprovidebeneficialelementsforgrowth.D．Bygeneratingsemi-diurnaltidestoreducemangroves'soilloss.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．KnowledgeofProtectingandStoringMangroves.B．ResearchaboutExpansionandContractionofForests.C．DiscoveryontheCausesofHighandLowTides.D．NewFindingsaboutMoonDriveandMangroves.二、第一部分：阅读，第二节任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Sufferingfromaphobia(恐惧症)isfarfromdelightful.Foradults,thephobiacanseriouslylimitaperson'sfunctioning.16．Ifyouoryourchildexperiencesaphobia,youmaywishtotrythefollowingtoreducethedistresssurroundingit.Namethefear.17．Dr.DanSiegel,clinicalprofessorofpsychiatryatUCLA,summarizesthisexperienceas"nameittotameit."Pixar'smovieMonsters,Inc.illustratesthisnicelyasthemonsterintheclosetbecomeslessscarywhenBoonamesitKitty.18．Askyourselfwhetherthefearissensible.Sincemanyfearsaregroundlessinnature,thisstephelpstoreduce"worst-casescenario(方案)"thinking.Itisimportanttonotethatwhilethepercentageofmanyfeareditemshappeningisextremelyremote,theyarenotnecessarily0percent.Therefore,thisstepisoftenpairedwithfindingawaytomakepeacewiththefeareditemstillexistingintheworld.Safelyfacethefear.Thisisdemonstratedtobethemostenduringwaytoputfearsbehindus.Anyunhelpfulreaction,especiallyavoidance,mustberemoved.It'svitaltosetthestageforsuccessbysafelyandgraduallyfacingthefeareditem,stepbystep.Forinstance,ifsomeoneisafraidofsnakes,picturingasnakeinone'smindcomesfirst,thenlookingatapictureoftherattlesnake,andfinallygoingtothezoo.19．Notfacing,orworse,avoidingfeartendstogiveitmorepowerandmakethephobiastrongerovertime.Insummary,itisperfectlynaturalandhumantoexperiencefears.20．Ifaphobialasts,itisalwaysanoptiontoseekthehelpofamentalhealthprofessional.Whateveryoudo,itisimportantnottoletthefearconsumeyouoryourchild'slife.A.Analyzethefear.B.Makepeacewiththefear.C.Labelingthefeartendstoreducethepowerofthefeareditem.D.Forchildren,itleadstoincreasedanxietyandmayleaduptoschoolavoidance.E.Thesestepscanbepairedwithrelaxationstrategiestolimitthephysiologicalfearresponse.F.Generallyspeaking,themoreapersonseekstreatmentforthephobia,thebettertheoutcome.G.However,whenthatfearbecomestoomuchorfixed,itcanpreventusfromenjoyingthejoysornecessitiesoflife.三、第三部分：语言运用，第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwaslookingattheitemssuchasateapot,apoetrybook,andacoat.Iboughtthemfromcharityshops,whereothers'trashbecamemy21．.Ihavealsodonatedmanyunwantedtoys.22．mytoyswillalsobecomeothers'preciousdiscoveries.Thiscircularrelationshipisjustoneofthemany23．ofcharityshops.Theyextendtheusefulnessofoldobjects,whicharelikedbynew24．insteadofendingupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场).Accordingtothestatistics,second-handdonations25．90%ofacharityshop'sproductrange.Withpeoplebecomingmoreandmore26．ofthebenefitsofacirculareconomy,therelevantlanguageofcharityshoppershaschanged.Shoppersnowspeakof"pre-loved"or"vintage"goods27．"second-hand"clothes.Inaddition,theeconomicvalueofcharityshopsisincreasing.Therearecurrentlyover11,000charityshopsintheU.K.,28．about270millionayearforcharitywork.Thismeansvitalsupportformedicalresearch,solvingpoverty,29．childwelfare,andsoon.Besides,thesestoreshavemanyotherbenefits.Froma(n)30．perspective,charityshopskeepgoodsincirculationwhichmightotherwisebe31．reducingCO2emissionsgreatly.Besides,charityshopsprovideaffordablegoods,allowingpeoplehavinglower32．toenjoyhigh-qualitygoods.Ifthedonations33．toflow,theshelvesincharityshopswillbepackedwithvariouswonderfulitems,providingafantasticshoppingexperience.Ibelievecharityshopswillbe34．worldwidesoon.It'shardformetoimagineabetterchoicethansomethingthat35．savingwastewithspendingverylittle.21．A．treasures B．memories C．missions D．purposes22．A．Regularly B．Emotionally C．Desperately D．Hopefully23．A．changes B．advantages C．exceptions D．burdens24．A．partners B．owners C．designers D．producers25．A．lookup B．putup C．makeup D．openup26．A．careful B．afraid C．ignorant D．aware27．A．exceptfor B．regardlessofC．becauseof D．ratherthan28．A．casting B．raising C．decreasing D．demanding29．A．improving B．analyzing C．discovering D．defending30．A．artistic B．educationalC．environmental D．commercial31．A．thrownaway B．putforwardC．turneddown D．pickedup32．A．qualities B．spirits C．incomes D．scores33．A．return B．continue C．intend D．happen34．A．charged B．controlled C．blamed D．appreciated35．A．equips B．replaces C．combines D．compares四、第三部分：语言运用，第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。ZhangZening,36．hanfuenthusiastinNanjing,EastChina'sJiangsuProvince,startedanextraordinaryjourneyeightyearsago37．(bring)thistraditionalChineseclothingbacktolife.38．(inspire)byancientmurals(壁画),Zhang,41,studiedtheartistryofhanfuinvarious39．(museum),transformingtwo-dimensionalpaintingsintotangibleand40．(wear)pieces.Herextraordinarycraftsmanshiphasnotonlydelightedhanfuenthusiastsbutaswellarousedthe41．(curious)ofyoungminds,givingthemtheopportunitytowearhistoricallysignificantclothingduringmuseumvisits.Zhangfirmlybelievedthathanfuserves42．agatewayintothepast,allowingpeopleto43．(true)connectwiththeirculturalheritage.Since2020,Zhang,theownerofHeluHanfuStudio,44．(cooperate)withwomen'sre-employmentorganizations,seekingfull-timestay-at-homewomenwithsewingskills,45．corresponds(一致)withherneedfortheproductionofhanfu.五、第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）46．第一节应用文写作假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华，你校举办的英语学习网络论坛邀请到了著名诗人WilliamSmith在线做主题为"HowtoWriteandEnjoyEnglishPoems"的专题讲座。请你在讲座前作简要发言，内容包括：1.表示欢迎和感谢；2.介绍嘉宾和活动流程；3.对听众提出要求。注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头结尾已给好，不计入词数。Dearfellowstudents,Nowlet'swelcomeMr.Smith!47．第二节阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。KilimandjarowasapopularplaceforsoccerfanswhowenttowatchMiddlesbroughF.C.playovertheweekendtoeatafterthegame.WakaWakaChickenwasoneoftherestaurant'ssignaturedishes.Everythingseemednormalfortheowneroftherestaurant,Apollo,whoalwaysvaluesthevirtueofhonesty,andhiswaiters.Customerswereflockingin,andservicewasrunningsmoothlythatday.Apollo,tobehonest,wasn'teventhere.Hewashavingagoodtimewithhisfamily,completelyunawareofwhatwasgoingoninhisrestaurant.Hehadnoideathatsomethingunexpectedwasabouttohappenandthathe'dbegettingaratherawkwardphonecallfromthewaiter.Atabout11：00a.m,threeguyswalkedin,clearlyinterestedinsittingdownandeatingsomefood.There'sagoodchancetheycamefromoutoftownandwerefansoftheawayteam.Attheveryleast,thestaffcoulddetectadifferenceintheiraccents.Itwasn'tlongbeforetheywereattendedtobyawaiterwhotooktheirorders.Afterthat,everythingappearedtobegoingwell…ThethreefriendsweregladtheyhadchosenKilimandjaro.WakaWakaChickenwithcheesewasenjoyedbythem.Fromtheirexpression,thestaffcouldtellthesethreeguyswereverysatisfiedwiththefood.Aboutonehourlater,thethreefriendswerepreparedtopayfortheirmeals.Thetotalcostofthefoodwas£35.Theyreachedfortheircreditcardsandhandedthemoverasthewaiterapproachedtheirtable.However,theywereshockedwhenthewaiterinformedthemthattheycouldonlypayincash.Noneofthemcarriedcashwiththem.Atthistime,thewaiterwasaskedtogotoanothertabletotakeorders.Realizingthelasttrainbackhomewastodepartinanhour,thethreefriendshadotherideas…注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Onreturning,thewaiterwassurprisedthethreeguyshadgonewithoutpaying.Twoweekslater，Apolloreceivedanunexpectedletterwith£35attached.

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．A3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，对2023年二月份的"伟大的户外"冬季技能课程进行了广告宣传。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据MOUNTAINFESTIVAL部分中的"Fromsessionstoawardceremoniesandfilmscreenings,aswellasascheduleofguidedwalksandruns,theactivitiesareasvariedasthelandscape."从会议到颁奖典礼和电影放映，以及导游步行和跑步的时间表，活动与景观一样丰富多样。可知，如果你想享受导游的步行和跑步，你会选择山地户外文化节课程。故选B。2．考查细节理解。根据Caravan,Camping&MotorhomeShow部分中的"Cost:$12peradult,under15free"费用：每位成人12美元，15岁以下免费，可知，如果父母带着他们14岁的女儿对旅行拖车、露营和房车展感兴趣，他们将支付24美元。故选A。3．考查细节理解。根据TheWinterreverse部分中的"Whilstgoodfitnessisrequired,walkerscanchoosetobeaccompaniedbylocalMountainLeaderswithfirstaidcover."虽然需要良好的身体素质，但步行者可以选择由当地的山地领袖陪同，并提供急救服务。可知，在冬季逆向课程中，可以提供必要的急救服务。故选C。【答案】4．B5．C6．D7．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去看北极光的经历。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"‘Ican'ttellyouhowmuchjoyIgetfromseeingthesmileonpeople'sfaces.That'sworthitrightthere.That'sthereasonwhyIdotours,'hesays.""看到人们脸上的笑容，我无法告诉你我有多高兴。这是值得的。这就是我参加旅游的原因，"他说。可推知，游客的快乐让斯科特喜欢做极光旅游。故选B。5．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"‘That'sit!'saysScott.Really?That'sit?Ispent13hoursinplanesandairports,andthendrove2.5hourstoseeagraybelt?""就是它！"斯科特说。真的吗？就这些吗？我在飞机和机场待了13个小时，然后开了2.5小时的车去看灰色地带？可推知，作者有点失望。故选C。6．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"ButFairbanksisastatisticallygoodbetbecauseofitsnorthernlocationandfreedomfromcoastalclouds,whichcanbeachallengeforAnchorage."但费尔班克斯在统计上是一个不错的选择，因为它位于北部，没有沿海的云层，这对安克雷奇来说可能是一个挑战。可知，费尔班克斯是欣赏北极光的理想之地，因为这里没有沿海多云的天气。故选D。7．考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的"Atfirst,afuzzthesizeofahoneydewfloatsalongthehorizon.Anothertime,abroadgreenlinestretchesacrossthesky,followedbyashorttail."Doyouseethered?"Scottasks.Hehasmelookthroughhiscamera.Itcanseemorecolorthanthenakedeye.Finally,asifplayingavisualsymphonictune,agiantlineofphosphorous(发磷光的)greenseemstoswoopdowntothetreetopsanddollopthemwithacurlicueswirl."起初，一团蜜露大小的绒毛漂浮在地平线上。还有一次，一条宽阔的绿线横跨天空，后面是一条短尾。"你看到红色了吗?"斯科特问道。他让我看他的相机。它能看到比肉眼更多的颜色。最后，就像演奏一曲视觉交响乐一样，一条巨大的磷绿线似乎俯冲到树梢上，并以卷曲的漩涡将它们倾倒。可知，最后一段主要讲的是极光之美。故选A。【答案】8．C9．D10．C11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体的过度使用会对大脑产生负面影响，适度使用社交媒体和注意脑部刺激的平衡是重要的。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Areyouaddictedtosocialmedia?Youmaythinkyoucanquititanytimeyouwant,butyourbodyandbrainmaynotagree.Stayingdeeplyconnectedtoyoursocialnetworkscanbecostly."你沉迷于社交媒体吗？你可能认为你可以随时戒掉它，但你的身体和大脑可能不同意。与您的社交网络保持深度联系可能代价高昂；以及第二段中的"Researcherstookalookathownon-stopsocialnetworkingcanactuallychangeyourbrain."研究人员研究了不间断的社交网络如何真正改变你的大脑。可知，第一段是引出话题，故选C。9．考查细节理解。根据第三段"Thereisadeclineinthewhitematter(脑白质)thatcontrolsemotionalprocessinganddecisionmaking,largelybecausesocialmediaprovidesanimmediatereward.Whenyoupostsomethingonlineandsomeone"likes"it,yougettheimmediatereward—people'spraise,andthenyourbrainbeginstolongfortheserewards.It'sjustlikehowadrugworks."控制情绪处理和决策的白质有所下降，这主要是因为社交媒体提供了即时的回报。当你在网上发布一些东西，有人"喜欢"它时，你会得到直接的奖励——人们的赞美，然后你的大脑开始渴望这些奖励。这就像药物的作用方式一样。可知，人们不停地社交网络背后的原因是他们对它的精神依赖，故选D。10．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Whenyouaredealingwithavarietyoftasks,devices,andwebsites,youhavetoconstantlyswitchyourthinkingmodes,whichusuallyleadstotheunbalanceddistributionofattention.Also,multitaskingcoulddamageyourabilitytocommittomemory.Youfeelthevibrationandninetimesoutoften,youpullyourphonesouttocheck,whichwilldistractyoufromwhatyouaredoing."当你在处理各种各样的任务、设备和网站时，你必须不断地转换你的思维模式，这通常会导致注意力的不平衡分配。此外，多任务处理可能会损害你的记忆力。考虑一下手机振动时会发生什么。你感觉到振动，十有八九，你拿出手机检查，这会分散你的注意力。可知，多任务处理会让工作效率下降，故选C。11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Ofcoursethereisnothingwrongwithusingsocialmediatostayintouchwithfamily,friends,andcolleagues,butaswitheverythingelseinlife,moderation(适度)isthekey.Moderationcannotonlyhelpusontask,butalsohelpcontrolthesideeffectsfromoverstimulatingourbrainswithsocialmedia,mobiledevices,andscreentime."当然，使用社交媒体与家人、朋友和同事保持联系并没有错，但与生活中的其他事情一样，适度是关键。适度不仅可以帮助我们完成任务，还可以帮助控制社交媒体、移动设备和屏幕时间过度刺激我们的大脑的副作用。可知，作者对社交的态度是很客观的，故选A。【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于澳大利亚红树林的新研究，揭示了长期潮汐周期对红树林扩张和收缩的影响，以及月亮对红树林生长的驱动作用，并指出这些发现对于预测红树林的生长发展和保护具有重要意义。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Thisdiscoveryiskeytopredictingwhenmangrovesaremostlikelytogrowfast."这一发现是预测红树林何时最有可能快速生长的关键。可知，从澳大利亚红树林的新研究中可以看出他们的有利生长时间是可以预见的，故选B。13．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"includingcoastaldevelopment,pollutionandlandclearingforagriculture."包括沿海开发、污染和农业用地清理。可知，menaces包含了"coastaldevelopment,pollutionandlandclearingforagriculture"，而沿海开发、污染和农业用地清理都是不利于红树林发展的，是红树林所面临的威胁，可推测划线词menaces的含义为"威胁"，故选B。14．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Saintilanfoundthatmangroveforestsexperiencingsemi-diurnaltidestendedtobelargeranddenserpreciselywhenhighertideswereexpectedbasedonthemoon'sorbit,whichcoulddelivermuchmorewaterandnecessarynutrientstomangroves."Saintilan发现，经历半昼夜潮汐的红树林往往更大、更密集，而根据月球轨道预计潮汐会更高，这可以为红树林提供更多的水和必要的养分。可知，月球是通过推动潮汐，为红树林提供有益元素，故选C。15．考查标题归纳。根据第一段"Theshinyleavesandbranchingrootsofmangroves(红树林)inAustraliaareeye-catching,andnowastudyprovidesuswithnewfindingsaboutthetrees.Long-termtidalcycles(潮汐周期),inlargepart,setinmotiontheexpansionandcontractionofmangroveforestsbythemoondrive,researchersreportinScienceAdvances.Thisdiscoveryiskeytopredictingwhenmangrovesaremostlikelytogrowfast."澳大利亚红树闪亮的叶子和分枝的根引人注目，现在一项研究为我们提供了关于这种树的新发现。研究人员在《科学进展》上报告说，长期的潮汐周期在很大程度上是由月球驱动的红树林的扩张和收缩引起的。这一发现是预测何时红树林最有可能快速生长的关键。可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于澳大利亚红树林的新研究，揭示了长期潮汐周期对红树林扩张和收缩的影响，以及月亮对红树林生长的驱动作用，"关于月球驱动器和红树林的新发现。"可以作为本文的最佳标题，故选D。【答案】16．D；17．C；18．A；19．E；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了恐惧对于成年人和孩子的影响，以及如何克服恐惧的影响。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Foradults,thephobiacanseriouslylimitaperson'sfunctioning."对于成年人来说，恐惧症会严重限制一个人的功能；以及空后"Ifyouoryourchildexperiencesaphobia,youmaywishtotrythefollowingtoreducethedistresssurroundingit."如果你或你的孩子患有恐惧症，你可能希望尝试以下措施来减少围绕它的痛苦。可知，空处应与儿童有关，D.Forchildren,itleadstoincreasedanxietyandmayleaduptoschoolavoidance."对于儿童来说，它会导致焦虑增加，并可能导致逃避学校。"上下文一致，符合语境，故选D。17．根据空后"Dr.DanSiegel,clinicalprofessorofpsychiatryatUCLA,summarizesthisexperienceas"nameittotameit."Pixar'smovieMonsters,Inc.illustratesthisnicelyasthemonsterintheclosetbecomeslessscarywhenBoonamesitKitty."加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）精神病学临床教授丹·西格尔（DanSiegel）博士将这种经历总结为"命名以驯服它"。皮克斯的电影《怪兽公司》很好地说明了这一点，因为当Boo将其命名为Kitty时，壁橱里的怪物变得不那么可怕了。可知，本段的建议是通过给恐惧起名字来克服恐惧，C.Labelingthefeartendstoreducethepowerofthefeareditem."给恐惧贴上标签往往会降低恐惧物品的力量。"符合语境，故选C。18．根据空后"Askyourselfwhetherthefearissensible."问问自己，这种恐惧是否合理。可知，本段是要分析恐惧，A.Analyzethefear."分析恐惧"符合语境，故选A。19．根据空前"Forinstance,ifsomeoneisafraidofsnakes,picturingasnakeinone'smindcomesfirst,thenlookingatapictureoftherattlesnake,andfinallygoingtothezoo."例如，如果有人害怕蛇，首先在脑海中想象一条蛇，然后看响尾蛇的照片，最后去动物园。可知，前文分析的是面对恐惧时的策略，E.Thesestepscanbepairedwithrelaxationstrategiestolimitthephysiologicalfearresponse."这些步骤可以与放松策略搭配使用，以限制生理性恐惧反应。"上下文一致，符合语境，故选E。20．根据空前"Insummary,itisperfectlynaturalandhumantoexperiencefears."总而言之，经历恐惧是完全自然和人性化的；以及空后"Ifaphobialasts,itisalwaysanoptiontoseekthehelpofamentalhealthprofessional."如果恐惧症持续存在，寻求心理健康专家的帮助始终是一种选择。可知，空处与上文构成转折，与恐惧持续存在有关，G.However,whenthatfearbecomestoomuchorfixed,itcanpreventusfromenjoyingthejoysornecessitiesoflife."然而，当这种恐惧变得太多或固定时，它会阻止我们享受生活的快乐或必需品。符合语境，故选G。【答案】21．A；22．D；23．B；24．B；25．C；26．D；27．D；28．B；29．A；30．C；31．A；32．C；33．B；34．D；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了慈善商店的多个益处。慈善商店通过循环利用旧物品延长它们的使用价值，避免它们被送往垃圾填埋场；其次，慈善商