广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末测试英语试卷（含答案）3

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末测试英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六七总分评分一、第一部分，基础知识，第一节单项选择，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(本大题包括17小题，每小题1分，共17分)1．Manymeasureshavebeentakento____awarenessofenvironmentalissues.A．clarify B．expand C．switch D．promote2．Jane'snewdiamondringlooked____,butitwasactuallyafake.A．genuine B．unbelievable C．artificial D．common3．Eachofusislikelytodevelopapersonal____forcertaintypesofentertainment.A．comparison B．possession C．preference D．advantage4．Rosiehasa____collectionoffurrytoys.Ifyouask,she'dliketosharesomewithyou.A．vivid B．massive C．intense D．permanent5．—Whydidyousaythattheotherday?—Itwasjustacasual____.Ididn'tmeananythingbyit.A．remark B．judgment C．summary D．intention6．—Youhelpedmewithmycomputerlastweek.Iwanttorepaythe____.—Nono,youpaidlasttime,soit'sdefinitelymyturntotreatyou.A．action B．favor C．credit D．virtue7．I'mhumbledandgratefulfortherecognitionoftheaward,butthecredittrulybelongstotheamazing____ofthefilm'sdirector.A．category B．tendency C．proof D．vision8．Aftertheexplosionfromthechemicalworks,whatthelocalgovernmentdidfirstwastofindsafeplacestoprovide____forthehomelessfamilies.A．accommodation B．furniture C．equipment D．occupation9．Hevisitshisparentsonly____,becauseheworksfarawayfromhishometown.A．occasionally B．intimately C．practically D．urgently10．Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat____.A．wouldhappen B．hadhappened C．happened D．washappened11．Thewashingmachine______allmorning.Whatonearthareyouwashing?A．hasbeenrunning B．hadrunC．wasrunning D．willrun12．____withglobalvisionandthespiritofinnovationiscrucialtoChina'syounggeneration.A．Beingequipped B．EquippingC．Equipped D．Havingequipped13．Thedisease,____originhassofarnotbeenfound,becamewidespreadinthe1980s.A．whose B．who C．which D．that14．I'msorrybutIwillbeoccupiedthisafternoon.Atthreeo'clockI____someguestsfromAfrica.A．willbereceiving B．amreceivingC．receive D．amtoreceive15．Thegoalofthefundis____inscholarshipsthathelpstudentscompletetheireducation.A．investing B．tobeinvestedC．toinvest D．invested16．Nowalotofnewtechnologycan____problemsinindustry.A．beappliedtosolve B．beappliedtosolvingC．applytosolve D．applytosolving17．Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit____.A．wasdecorated B．haddecoratedC．hadbeendecorating D．wasbeingdecorated二、第一部分，基础知识，第二节，短语填空，根据中文提示填空。(本大题包括4小题，每题2分，共8分)18．ABritishnewspapersaysBritishAirwaysplansto(接管)TransWorldAirways.(根据汉语提示完成句子)19．Moreover,we'relikelytobe(被……分心)telephonecalls,incomingemailandco-workers.(根据汉语提示完成句子)20．Theseancientwoodlandsare(受到威胁)fromnewroaddevelopments.(根据汉语提示完成句子)21．Manyofthesecollectionsare(在展出)intheMuseum,butsomehavebeensentoutonloantoothermuseums.(根据汉语提示完成句子)三、第二部分，阅读理解，第一节，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读理解TheAquarium(水族馆)ofthePacificisSouthernCalifornia'slargestAquarium.Beyonditsworld-classanimalexhibits,theAquariumoffersmonthlyeventsforpeopleofallages.HerearetheupcomingeventsforthisNovember.PhotographersNightOnthisnightonly,theAquariumisaccessibletophotographersforthepurposeofgettingtheirdreamphotoswithouthavingtoworryaboutbeingdisturbedbythegeneralpublic.DATE:Saturday,NOVEMBER4,6:00—10:00pmCOST:$44.95perperson,$41.95formembers.Ticketsaleswillbelimited.*Exhibitsthatwillnotbelit:LorikeetForest&DivingBirdsbecausetheywillbegettingtheirrest.SeniorsDayTheAquariumwillopenitsdoorsforfreetopeopleagedfiftyandaboveonSeniorsDay.Itwillfeaturespecialpresentations,doorprizes,and20%offinthegiftstoreforourseniorguests.DATE:Monday,NOVEMBER13,9:00am—2:00pmCOST:FREEtoages50andoverwithavalidphotoID.Advancereservationsrequired.Autism(自闭症)FamiliesTreatSpendaspecialeveningattheAquariumonlyforfamilieswithadultsorchildrenwithautism.Onthisevening,guestscanenjoythepeacefulnessoftheAquarium'sexhibits.DATE:Sunday,NOVEMBER19,6:00—9:00pmCOST:$12perperson,andfreeforAquariummembersandchildrenunderagethree.Advancereservationsrequired.STEAMFestSpendthemorningsurroundedbySTEAMscience,technology,engineering,art,andmath!Thiseventwillfeatureinteractiveboothswhereyoucanlearnabouttheoceanandtheenvironment,makeobservations,andaskouranimalcarestafflotsofquestions.DATE:Saturday,NOVEMBER25,9:00am—1:00pmCOST:$44.95peradult(ages12+),$29.95perchild(ages3—12),andfreeforAquariummembersandchildrenunderagethree.Advancereservationsrequired.22．WhatcanphotographersdoatPhotographersNight?A．Takephotoswithoutdisturbance.B．Buyasmanyticketsastheywant.C．Gettheirdreamphotosofdivingbirds.D．Enjoytheeventwiththegeneralpublic.23．Whencanchildrenwithautismenjoytheexhibitspeacefully?A．OnNovember4. B．OnNovember19.C．OnNovember13. D．OnNovember25.24．HowmuchshouldacouplewithoutmembershippaytoattendSTEAMFest?A．$74.9 B．$29.95 C．$89.9 D．$44.95阅读理解LufinhahascrossedtheAtlanticOceaninasmallboatpoweredonlybythesunandwind.Heusedkitestomovetheboatandsolarpowertouselightsandequipmentontheboat.HeexpectshistripwillearnhimaGuinnessWorldRecordforFastestSoloAtlanticCrossingbyKiteBoat.Healsohopestohelppeopleunderstandtheneedtoprotecttheoceans.Thekite-poweredboatreachedtopspeedsofover30kilometersperhour.Lufinhatraveled6,400kilometersin25days.The38-year-oldsetoutfromCascais,nearLisbon,PortugalonNovember3,2022,andarrivedinMartiniqueonDecember20,Lufinhawasnotatseaforallthattime,however.HemadeaplannedstopattheCanaryIslandsonNovember8.ButhehadtostaylongerthanplannedbecauseofthepowerfulstormandheremainedthereuntilNovember30.Lufinhamadethecrossingcompletelyaloneina7.2-meter-longand5.6-meter-widetrimaran,aboatwhichhasthreelong,thinparts,withasmallroomforsleepingandshelter.Lufinhausedahandpump(抽水机)toproducewaterfordrinkingandcooking.Hesaid,"Ihavetwosuchwatermakers,whichIcanpumpandeveryhourIcanmakearoundfourlitersofwater."Thewaterpumphasaspecialfilter(过滤器)toremovesaltfromtheseawater.Lufinhausedthewatertoaddtodriedfoodhecarriedwithhimontheboat.Hecalledhistrip"abiglearningexperience".Itwasabigtestofhisadaptability.Helearnedmostofalltolookathisproblemsrelatively.Hehadsomanyproblemsallofthetime,suchaskitesgettingtornandkitesexploding(爆炸).Andtheonlywaynottosufferwastothink,"Itcouldbeworse."Hesaidhiswayofthinkingduringthedifficultcrossinghelpedhimgetthroughithourbyhour,daybyday,weekbyweekuntilhefinishedthisAtlanticcrossing.25．What'soneofthepurposesofLufinha'strip?A．Tosetanewworldrecord.B．Tomapoutanewsailingroute.C．Tocheckhisboat'sperformance.D．Tocollectmoneyforthelocalcharity.26．WhydidLufinhastaylongerthanexpectedattheCanaryIslands?A．Hisboatbrokedownhalfway.B．Hetookthewrongsailingdirection.C．Hiswaterpumpsrequiredreplacing.D．Hewasovertakenbyterribleweather.27．WhatwasLufinha'sbiggestgainfromthetrip?A．Hedevelopedhisownindependence.B．Hediscoveredhowtoobtaindrinkablewater.C．Helearnedtoviewproblemsmorepositively.D．Hemasteredmoreadvancedsailingtechniques.28．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLufinha?A．Strictandhonest. B．Calmandcurious.C．Determinedandbrave. D．Outgoingandgenerous.阅读理解Throughoutourdailylives,wehaveknownplentyofpeopleandwillknowmore.Buthowcanwetellifsomeoneisworthourtrust?InapaperpublishedrecentlyintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,researchergaveustheanswer.Theresearchersasked401adultsfromtheUnitedStatestofilloutaquestionnairemeasuringtheirguilt-proneness(内疚倾向)indifferentsituationsaswellasseveralotherqualities,andthenplayashortonlinegame.Inthisgame,Player1isgiven1,whichtheycanchoosetogivetoPlayer2.AnymoneygiventoPlayer2isthenautomaticallyincreasedto2.50.Player2canthendecidewhethertokeepallofthemoneyorbehaveinatrustworthywaybyreturningapartofthemoneytoPlayer1.Theresearchersfoundmoreguilt-pronepeopleweremorelikelytosharethemoneywithPlayer1.Actually,infollow-upstudies,guilt-pronenesspredictedtrustworthinessbetterthanotherpersonalityqualitiestheresearchersmeasured.Whymightguiltleadtotrustworthybehavior?Theresearchersfoundpeoplewhowereguilt-pronealsoreportedfeelingamusttoactinethical(合乎道德的)andresponsiblewayswhileinteracting(互动)withtheirpartnersinthegame.Peoplewhoareguilt-pronetendtoavoidengaginginbehaviorthatmightharmordisappointothers.Iftheydosomethingbad,guiltencouragesthemtotrytomakethingsrightagain.Then,howcanweusethisresearchtoascertainwhethersomeoneistrustworthy?"Onewaytodothismightbeobservehowtheyrespondtoexperienceregret,"leadauthorEmmaLevine,assistantprofessorattheUniversityofChicagoLevine,explains.Anotherwayistoaskthemtodescribeadifficultdilemmatheyfacedinthepast,suggestsco-authorTayaCohen,associateprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity.Thisisparticularlyeffective,Cohenandhercolleagueshavefound,becauseitallowsustoseeifthey'reconcertedabouttheeffectstheiractionshaveonothers.29．Whatdidguilt-proneplayer2tendtodointheonlinegame?A．Keepallthemoney.B．SharethemoneywithPlayer1.C．Returnthemoneytotheresearchers.D．Spendthemoneyonthemselves.30．Whymightguiltleadtotrustworthybehavior?A．Itencouragespeopletoharmothers.B．Itmakespeoplefeelresponsibletoactethically.C．Itmakespeoplewanttodisappointothers.D．Itmakespeopleavoiddifficultdilemmas.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ascertain"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Ask B．Express C．Describe D．Determine32．Howisthetextorganizedanddeveloped?A．Byprovidingbackground.B．Bymakingalotofcomparisons.C．Byansweringtheraisedquestions.D．Byanalyzingeffectsofguilt-proneness.阅读理解Althoughafewrecreationalsnowmobilers(驾驶摩托雪橇者)destroyecosystemsastheyridethroughthewilderness,mostsnowmobilersloveandrespectAmerica'snaturalheritage.That'swhytheybravethecoldtoexplorewhatisleftofwildAmerica—includingYellowstoneNationalPark.Unfortunatelythesesnowmobilersareunconsciouslydamagingwhattheylove.Becausesnowmobilesintheparknotonlycreatebothairandnoisepollutionbutalsostrains(使紧张)thealreadytightbudgetoftheparkservice,recreationalsnowmobilesshouldbebannedfromYellowstoneNationalPark.Itmaybehardtoimaginethatabout1,000snowmobilesadaycouldleadtoairpollutioninaparkhalfthesizeofConnecticut,butinfacttheycan.Inadditiontopollutingtheair,snowmobilesarenoisy,disturbingthepeaceandsilencethatparkvisitorshavearighttoexpect.Onestudyreportsthattwelvesnowmobilestravelingtogethercouldbeheardasfarastwomilesaway.Suchnoiseaffectsthepark'swildlife.FundsthatshouldbeusedtopreserveYellowstoneNationalParkanditswildlifehavebeenusedtodealwiththesnowmobileissue.Also,parkrangersarespendinganincreasingamountoftheirvaluabletimepolicingsnowmobilers,whichtakesawayfromparkrangers'primaryresponsibility—preservingthiscountry'streasurednaturalresources.Opponentsofabanarguethatacentralmissionoftheparkserviceistoprovideaccesstonationalparks.Admittedly,winteraccessisimportant,butordinarypeoplecanenjoytheparkbymeansotherthansnowmobiles.Also,theparkservice'smissionisnotjusttoprovideaccesstotheparks;nolessimportantisitsmissiontopreservetheparks'pristinenaturalresourcesforfuturegenerations.Evenwithabanonsnowmobilingintheparkitself,theYellowstoneareawouldstillearnthetitleofSnowmobilingCapitalofAmerica.AllofthestreetsofWestYellowstone,thearea'smajortown,areopentosnowmobilers,andmanytrailsrunoutofthetown.AstoYellowstoneNationalPark,abanonsnowmobileswouldallowtheparkservicetodevotemoreofitslimitedresourcestooneofitsprimarymissions:theprotectionofnaturalresources.VisitorswouldstillbeabletoappreciateYellowstone'sbeauty—itsgeysers,itswildlife,anditssnow-coveredvistas—throughoutthepark'slongwinter.33．Whatcanwelearnaboutmostsnowmobilersfromparagraph1?A．Theyenjoywinteradventures.B．Theytrytoreducewaterpollution.C．Theymakealotofmoneybysnowmobiling.D．Theyhavedestroyedthehottestsnowmoblingspot.34．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Effectsofairpollution.B．Measuresofwildlifeprotection.C．Rightsexpectedbyvisitors.D．Problemscausedbysnowmobiles.35．Whatistheprimaryresponsibilityofparkrangers?A．Solvingsnowmobileissues.B．Providingaccesstothepark.C．Protectingnaturalresources.D．Collectingfundsforthepark.36．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．PreservingYellowstone'swinterwildernessB．SolvingfinancialproblemsofnationalparksC．ImprovingtheserviceofYellowstoneNationalParkD．Exploringpopularsnowmobiledestinationsthiswinter四、第二部分，阅读理解，第二节七选五阅读(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Isyourglassofmilkhalf-fullorhalf-empty?Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople'soutlookinasituation;dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?Thinkingpositively,withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutfine,iscalledoptimismandit'sknowntoboostyourwell-being.37．Whyisthinkingpositivelygoodforyou?Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife'schallenges.Peoplewhoaremorepessimistic(expectthattheworstwillhappen)mayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.Scientistshaveevenfoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyoulivelonger.38．Thisisbecauseyoubelieveyourgoalsareachievableandwithinreach,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.39．Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe.Ifyouwereneverworriedandweregreatlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn'trecognizerisks."Worryingisourbrainwarningusthattheremightbesomethingthreatening,whichfunctionsasafirealarm."sayschildpsychotherapist(心理治疗师)Rachel."Thetroubleisthatsometimesitgoesoffwhenthereisn'tahugedangertoface."40．Youshouldlearntothinkpositively.Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes,whichcarrycharacteristicsobtainedfromyourparents,andbywhathappenstoyou.41．Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat'spositive,likeanimageofyouplayingguitarandhavingpassedyournextgrade.Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit,suchaspractisingeverydayafterschool.A.Worryingislikeafirealarm.B.Avoidworryingisbeneficialtoourhealth.C.Askingothersforhelppositivelymakessense.D.Thegoodnewsisthateverybodycanlearntothinkmorepositively.E.Whenthishappens,youcanfeelanxiousandhopelessaboutwhatliesahead.F.However,whateveryourstartingpointis,youcanlearntobemoreoptimistic.G.Beingpositiveaboutthefuturegoalscanmakeyouhappierandmoresuccessful.五、第三部分，语言运用，第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Itwasthemiddleofwintersome30yearsago.Iwasayoungfatherwiththreelittlemouthsto42．.Mycollegeeducation,however,didn'thelpmeto43．awell-paidjob.Iwasworkinginawoodcuttingbusinessforjustabovethe44．wage.Workingoutdoorsfor8hoursadayhadcausedmy45．tosplit(裂开)andbleedattheirtipsinthecold,dryair.Thatdayatworkwasharderthannormal.We46．workers.Worsestill,themachineskeptbreakingdown.Whenthedayfinallyended,Itookofftheglovesand47．mypainfulhands.Thesplitswere48．thaneverandIhadbledthroughtheband-aidsagain.Itriedto49．mybackbutithurtbadly.Ihadneverfeltthattiredand50．before,wonderingwhylifewassotoughandhowlongIcouldkeepdoingthis.Itriedto51．asmileasIgothome.Mydaughterranuptomemerrily,yelled"Daddy!",and52．herlittlearmsaroundmyneck.Myheartexplodedwith53．.Myachesandtirednessdisappearedintoher54．.Andthejoyinmyheart55．thedepressionaway.AtthatmomentIknewIcouldcontinueonandthatthingswouldgetbetter.Weallhave56．fingersandband-aiddaysinourliveshere.Butwithlovewecanmakeitthroughthemall.42．A．water B．hold C．feed D．whisper43．A．quit B．offer C．reject D．secure44．A．minimum B．appropriate C．desired D．original45．A．lips B．legs C．feet D．fingers46．A．trained B．lacked C．motivated D．fired47．A．ignored B．cured C．examined D．washed48．A．worse B．dirtier C．smaller D．nicer49．A．lighten B．protect C．straighten D．shake50．A．homesick B．free C．embarrassed D．down51．A．counton B．puton C．runafter D．showoff52．A．reached B．wrapped C．broke D．crossed53．A．sadness B．complaint C．pity D．love54．A．worry B．mind C．hug D．room55．A．drove B．turned C．gave D．scared56．A．flexible B．bleeding C．powerful D．amazing六、第三部分，语言运用，第二节，语法填空(共10小题;每题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sinceancienttimes,peoplehaveenjoyedthemselvesatthetheatre.Herearetwohistoricaltheatres,oneintheEastandoneintheWest.TheDeheyuanGrandTheatre,locatedintheSummerPalaceinBeiing,wasbuiltintheQingDynasty.Itisregardedastheplace57．PekingOperadevelopedintoitscurrentform.Thetheatrehasthreefloors—theFustage,theLustageandtheShoustage,symbolizing58．(happy),prosperityandlongevity.Thestageshavespecialdoorsforactors59．(jump)outofthefloor,andequipmenttohelpthemflythroughtheair.AwellandfivepondsundertheShoustage60．(use)inwaterscenesandalsotoincreasesoundeffects.Today,visitors61．theDeheyuantheatrearestillamazedbyitsstructure62．beautifulpaintings.ThefirstGlobeTheatrewascreatedbyagroupofactors,oneofwhomwasWilliamShakespeare.ItopenedinLondonin1599andbecame63．hugesuccessuntilitburntdowninafirein1613.64．(stand)bytheRiverThames,theGlobeTheatreweseetodayhasthreemainelements:ablueroofpaintedwithstars,thestageitselfanda65．(hide)doorinthefloor.IfyouareafanofWilliamShakespeare,youmustcometotheGlobetoseeaplay.AsShakespeare66．(he)said,"Alltheworld'sastage."七、第四部分，写作，第一节读后续写(满分25分)67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Whenschoolwasover,thestudentswereinformedthattherewasnoschoolonMonday-theLaborDay."Enjoyyourextradayoff,"saidtheteacher.AnextradayoffunsuitedFlorajustfine.Shelovedbreaksandexpectedtogoouttoplaywithherfriends.WhentheschoolbusdroppedFloraoff,sheranintothehousehappily."Howwasschool,Flora?"askedhermom."Itwasgreat,Mom.IamexcitedaboutnoschoolonMonday.""Youjuststartedbacktoschooltwoweeksago.Alreadyinneedofabreak,huh?"askedFlora'smomwithalaugh.Florasleptinthenextmorning.Saturdaywasherfavoritedayoftheweek.Itrainedmostoftheday,soFloraenjoyedplayingvideogamesinside.OnSunday,herfriendscameoverandtheyplayedbasketbal1forseveralhours.ThenitwasLaborDay,youknow,theextradayoffthatFlorawassolookingforwardto.ButFlorawasawakenedearlythatmorningbyherdad.HetoldFlorathatinhonorofLaborDay,thefamilywouldbecleaningbothinsideandoutsidethehouse.Floracouldn'tbelieveit.Thiswasaholiday,adaywhenshewassupposedtobeenjoyingfreshlysqueezedlemonadewhileplayinginhertreehouse.AsFlorarubbedhereyes,shebegantowonderifthiswasjustabaddream."Flora,yourbreakfastisready.Wehavealotofworktodotoday.Let'sgetamoveon,"saidFlora'smom.Asshesatdownatthekitchentable,Floraaskedherparents,"Areyouseriousaboutworkingtoday?Isn'tLaborDayaholiday?""Yes,Flora.Itis,"repliedherdad."ButyourmomandIthoughtworkinghardtodaywouldmakeyouappreciatewhyLaborDaywasobservedinthefirstplace."注意：1．续写词数应为150左右;2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答．Florafeltdisappointedatherparents'planfortheholiday.……Thingsbegantochangeasshewasdoingthechores.

答案解析部分1．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：已经采取了许多措施来提高人们对环境问题的认识。A.clarify澄清；阐明；B.expand扩张；使膨胀；C.switch改变，转换；D.promote提升；提高。根据句子语境分析可知，此处表示：采取措施提高人们对环境问题的认识。故选D。

【点评】考查动词辨析。理解含义，不仅要记住动词的形式，还要准确理解其含义和用法。理解语境，在解题时，要仔细阅读题目和选项，理解句子的语境和含义。根据句子的逻辑关系和语境，判断哪个动词更符合句子的意思。对于不确定的选项，可以先尝试排除那些明显不符合句意或语法的选项，缩小选择范围。将各个选项进行对比分析，找出它们之间的异同点，从而确定正确答案。2．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：Jane的新钻戒看起来是真的，但是实际上是假的。A.genuine真的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.artificial人工的，人造的；D.common常见的。根据语境和后文"butitwasactuallyafake"的转折可知，那钻戒看起来像是真的。故选A。

【点评】考查形容词辨析。结合上下文，理解句子语境，把握形容词在其中的具体含义和用法。注意形容词与其他词汇之间的逻辑关系，如并列、转折、因果等。注意情感色彩，形容词往往带有一定的情感色彩，如褒义、贬义或中性。在解题时，要注意形容词所表达的情感色彩是否与句子或段落的整体氛围相符。3．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：我们每个人都有可能对特定的娱乐类型产生个人的偏爱。A.comparison比较；B.possession拥有；C.preference偏爱；D.advantage优势。根据"forcertaintypesofentertainment"可知，此处指"对特定的娱乐类型产生个人的偏爱"，故选C。

【点评】考查名词辨析。上下文是理解名词含义和选择合适答案的关键因素。仔细阅读题目中的句子或段落，注意名词出现的具体环境和搭配。有时题目会提供线索词或短语，这些线索可以帮助你缩小选择范围或确定正确答案。如果某个选项与题目中的语境明显不符或语法上存在错误，可以优先排除该选项。通过逐一排除不可能的选项，可以逐步缩小选择范围，最终找到正确答案。增加词汇量和熟悉常用短语是提高解题能力的关键。4．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：罗西收集了大量的毛绒玩具。如果你问，她会愿意和你分享一些。A.vivid生动的，清晰的；B.massive大量的;C.intense强烈的；D.permanent永久的。根据语境以及名词collection(收集)可知，罗西收集了大量的毛绒玩具，此处为固定短语amassive+名词+of表示"大量的……"。故选B。

【点评】考查形容词辨析。结合上下文，理解句子语境，把握形容词在其中的具体含义和用法。注意形容词与其他词汇之间的逻辑关系，如并列、转折、因果等。注意情感色彩，形容词往往带有一定的情感色彩，如褒义、贬义或中性。在解题时，要注意形容词所表达的情感色彩是否与句子或段落的整体氛围相符。5．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——那天你为什么这么说?——我只是随便说说。我那样说并没有什么意思。A.remark谈论，评述；B.judgment判决；C.summary总结；D.intention意图，目的。根据上文语境"Whydidyousaythattheotherday?"可知，此处表示：随便说说，故选A。

【点评】考查名词辨析。上下文是理解名词含义和选择合适答案的关键因素。仔细阅读题目中的句子或段落，注意名词出现的具体环境和搭配。有时题目会提供线索词或短语，这些线索可以帮助你缩小选择范围或确定正确答案。如果某个选项与题目中的语境明显不符或语法上存在错误，可以优先排除该选项。通过逐一排除不可能的选项，可以逐步缩小选择范围，最终找到正确答案。增加词汇量和熟悉常用短语是提高解题能力的关键。6．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——上周你帮我修电脑。我想报答你的好意。——不，不，你上次付钱了，所以该轮到我款待你了。A.action行为，行动；B.favor帮助，善意行为，恩惠；C.credit信贷，信用，声誉；D.virtue美德，高尚品行。根据"Youhelpedmewithmycomputerlastweek"可知，此处表示："我"想报答对方所给的帮助。故选B。

【点评】考查名词辨析。上下文是理解名词含义和选择合适答案的关键因素。仔细阅读题目中的句子或段落，注意名词出现的具体环境和搭配。有时题目会提供线索词或短语，这些线索可以帮助你缩小选择范围或确定正确答案。如果某个选项与题目中的语境明显不符或语法上存在错误，可以优先排除该选项。通过逐一排除不可能的选项，可以逐步缩小选择范围，最终找到正确答案。增加词汇量和熟悉常用短语是提高解题能力的关键。7．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：我对这个奖项的认可感到谦卑和感激，但荣誉真正属于电影导演的惊人视野。A.category类别；B.tendency趋势；C.proof证据；D.vision视野。根据语境分析可知，此处表示：荣誉真正属于电影导演的惊人视野。故选D。

【点评】考查名词辨析。上下文是理解名词含义和选择合适答案的关键因素。仔细阅读题目中的句子或段落，注意名词出现的具体环境和搭配。有时题目会提供线索词或短语，这些线索可以帮助你缩小选择范围或确定正确答案。如果某个选项与题目中的语境明显不符或语法上存在错误，可以优先排除该选项。通过逐一排除不可能的选项，可以逐步缩小选择范围，最终找到正确答案。增加词汇量和熟悉常用短语是提高解题能力的关键。8．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：在化工厂爆炸后，当地政府首先做的是找到安全的地方为无家可归的家庭提供住宿。A.accommodation"住宿"；B.furniture"家具"；C.equipment"设备"；D.occupation"职业"。根据"Aftertheexplosionfromthechemicalworks"及"forthehomelessfamilies"可知，政府为无家可归的人提供住宿。故选A。

【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分accommodation；furniture；equipment和occupation的含义。9．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：他只是偶尔去看望他的父母，因为他在远离家乡的地方工作。A.occasionally偶尔，偶然，有时候；B.intimately亲密地；C.practically实际地；D.urgently紧急地，急迫地。根据"becauseheworksfarawayfromhishometown"可知，此处表示：他在远离家乡的地方工作，只能偶尔去看望他的父母，occasionally"偶尔"符合语境。故选A。

【点评】考查副词辨析。在选择题中，经常会遇到多个副词选项，需要考生根据句子的语境和逻辑关系进行辨析。此时，要注意区分不同副词在意义、用法和语境上的差异。结合语境进行推断，在解题时，要仔细阅读题目和选项，理解句子的整体语境和逻辑关系。通过语境推断出副词在句子中的正确位置和作用。特别注意句子中的关键词、标点符号和上下文联系，这些信息往往能帮助考生准确判断副词的用法和意义。10．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：看着他眼里充满泪水地冲进房间，我问他发生了什么事。A.wouldhappen过去将来时；B.hadhappened过去完成时；C.happened一般过去时；D.washappened形式错误。根据语境分析可知，what引导的宾语从句中happen表达的动作发生在过去动作asked之前，表示"过去的过去"要用过去完成时haddone。动词happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。故选B。

【点评】考查时态（过去完成时）。首先，仔细审题，在题干中寻找标志性的时间状语。时间状语是判断时态的重要依据。如果题目所给题干是主从复合句，考生需要根据主从句时态相呼应的原则来判断时态。在时间、条件等状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。同时，要正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的先后时间，并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。认真阅读题干，理解句子的整体意义，捕捉题干中对动作发生时间所隐含的信息。可以把语境中比较完整的句子中的动词或另一个相关动词所发生的时间作为参照时间，再把选项中的动词与它作比较，看看它所表示的动作是发生在参照时间之前、之后还是正在进行，从而确定选用什么时态。11．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：洗衣机已经开了一上午了。你到底在洗什么?分析句子结构可知，前句缺少谓语动词，根据时间状语allmorning，可知表示动作一直持续，应该用完成时，再根据后句用的是现在进行时，说明在说话的时候，洗衣机运行这个动作，从过去到现在一直持续，且这个动作可能仍在继续进行，应该用现在完成进行时。故选A。【点评】考查单项选择，本题涉及现在完成进行时的用法。12．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：具有全球视野和创新精神对于新一代的中国青年来说很重要。A.Beingequipped现在分词的被动式或者动名词；B.Equipping现在分词或者动名词；C.Equipped过去分词或者过去式；D.Havingequipped现在分词的完成式。分析句子结构和语境可知，句中缺主语，故用动名词短语作主语。此处表示"配备有，具有"，为固定短语"beequippedwith"，但此处该词组做主语，be不能省略，需用being。故选A。

【点评】考查非谓语动词（动名词）。读题审题，仔细阅读题目，理解句子的整体意义。分析句子结构，找出谓语动词和非谓语动词。判断非谓语动词的作用，确定非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分及其逻辑主语。分析语态和时态，根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系及时间关系，判断应使用的语态和时态。对比选项，将分析结果与选项进行对比，选择最符合题意的答案。13．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：这种疾病的起源至今未被发现，它在20世纪80年代开始流行。A.whose，在定语从句中用来指代人或物的所有格，即"……的"；B.who，指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C.which，指代物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语；D.that，指代人或物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。

根据句子结构和语境分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为thedisease，从句中缺少定语，此处表示"疾病的起源"，即表示所属关系，故空处应用关系代词whose。故选A。

【点评】考查定语从句。首先，在定语从句的题目中，你需要找出或理解句子中的定语从句，并识别其关系词。在句子中找到被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，这个名词或代词就是先行词。先行词决定了关系词的选择。确定关系词的位置，关系词通常紧跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句。判断关系词的作用，关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分（主语、宾语、定语或状语）。根据先行词是人还是物来选择关系代词或考虑使用关系副词。如果先行词被特定的词（如序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词等）修饰，或者句子需要强调特定意义，通常使用that作为关系词。14．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：对不起，今天下午我有事。三点钟我将接待一些来自非洲的客人。A.willbereceiving将来进行时；B.amreceiving现在进行时；C.receive一般现在时；D.amtoreceive一般将来时。空处为句子的谓语，根据上文Iwillbeoccupiedthisafternoon.可知，空处谓语时态应用一般将来时，且根据句中时间状语Atthreeo'clock可知，此处表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，故空处谓语时态应用将来进行时。故选A。

【点评】考查时态（将来进行时）。首先，仔细审题，在题干中寻找标志性的时间状语。时间状语是判断时态的重要依据。如果题目所给题干是主从复合句，考生需要根据主从句时态相呼应的原则来判断时态。在时间、条件等状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。同时，要正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的先后时间，并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。认真阅读题干，理解句子的整体意义，捕捉题干中对动作发生时间所隐含的信息。可以把语境中比较完整的句子中的动词或另一个相关动词所发生的时间作为参照时间，再把选项中的动词与它作比较，看看它所表示的动作是发生在参照时间之前、之后还是正在进行，从而确定选用什么时态。15．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：该基金的目标是投资奖学金，帮助学生完成学业。A.investing现在分词或者动名词；B.tobeinvested动词不定式的被动式；C.toinvest动词不定式；invested过去分词或者过去式。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语且在句中做表语，句子主语为goal且此处表示将来的动作，故空处应用动词不定式做表语。故选C。

【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式）。读题审题，仔细阅读题目，理解句子的整体意义。分析句子结构，找出谓语动词和非谓语动词。判断非谓语动词的作用，确定非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分及其逻辑主语。分析语态和时态