统考版2025届高考英语一轮复习选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection课时提能练含解析北师大版VIP

PAGE课时提能练(四十三)选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·绵阳市第一次诊断性考试)Wheatisamainsourceoffoodforpeopleacrosstheplanet，accountingforafifthofthecaloriesconsumedglobally.Butasaresultofclimatechange，scientistsbelievemostpartsoftheworldwherethecropisgrownwillbehitbywatershortagesbytheendofthecentury.AndtheU．S.couldbeamongthecountriesworstaffected，theauthorsoftheresearchpublishedinthejournalScienceAdvancestoldNewsweek.Ifclimatechangeisn'tdealtwith，bytheyear2100,60percentofareasthatgrowwheatwillbehitbywaterscarcity—upfromthecurrentlevelof15percent，accordingtotheinternationalteamofscientists.Co­authorsMiroslavTrnkaandSongFengtoldNewsweekthatintheirpreviousresearch，theyhadshownclimatechangemaycausesoiltobecomelessmoist(潮湿的)acrossmostmainlandU．S.states，includingthosewherewheatisgrown.Asaresult，theU．S.couldbe“oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers”intermsoftheincreaseinareasaffectedbyseveredroughts，theysaidinajointstatement.Worryingly，existingresearchhaspredicteda4.0to6.5percentdropinglobalwheatproductionper1degreeCelsiusofwarmingifclimatechangeisn'teased.Andit'sunlikelythatwheatcanbereplacedifwaterbecomesscarce，asit'snotasthirstyasothercropsandcandowithoutwaterforarelativelylongperiodoftime.“Ifmultipleregionsareaffectedbydroughtatthesametime，itmightbedifficulttomeetthedemandevenifthetraderoutesstayopenandarenotrestrictedbygovernmentalmeasures，”warnedFengandTrnka.However，theysaid，“Studiesshowthatifwecontinuouslyimprovethesustainabilityandtechnologiesinthecomingdecadesandallowforinternationaltrade，wemayovercomethenegativeimpactsofclimatechange.”【语篇解读】科学家认为由于气候变更，到本世纪末，世界上大部分种植小麦的地区将受到缺水的影响，而假如气候变更得不到缓解，全球小麦的产量将会削减。1．Howwillclimatechangehurtwheatproduction?A．Byloweringthetemperature.B．Byreducingthewatersupply.C．Bypollutingthesoil.D．Byfloodingthefield.B[细微环节理解题。依据第一段其次句可知，由于气候变更，小麦种植地将受到缺水的影响；又依据第四段可知，缺水会影响小麦产量，故选B。]2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．WheatproductioncauseddroughtsinmostmainlandU．S.states.B．TheUnitedStatesisthebiggestwheatproducerintheworld.C．TheUnitedStateswillsufferalotfromclimatechange.D．ClimatechangeiscloselywatchedbyAmericanscientists.C[推理推断题。依据第三段的内容，尤其是“theU．S.couldbe‘oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers’”可推知，美国将在气候变更中受到很大影响，故选C。]3．Whyiswheatunlikelytobereplacedbyothercropsinadrought?A．Itistheprimaryfoodformostcountries.B．Itisnotinfluencedbyglobalwarming.C．Itiswidelygrowninmostcountries.D．Itneedslesswaterthanothercrops.D[细微环节理解题。依据第四段最终一句可知，小麦不像其他作物那样那么须要水，在相当长的一段时间内没有水也能生存，因此小麦不太可能被其他作物取代，故选D。]4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Health. B．Science.C．Education. D．Entertainment.B[推理推断题。通读全文可知，这是一篇有关气候变更对小麦产量影响的文章，由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的科学版块，故选B。]B(2024·“四省八校”其次次教学质量检测)FiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrainforestthisyearhavebeenahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsentheclimatechangecrisisandthreatenbiodiversity(生物多样性)．Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”．Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals，and1millionnativepeople.Thevastareasoftherainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen，ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased，mitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople，”ThomasLovejoy，anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“Theoverwhelmingthreatisthatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere，”hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected，”U.N.SecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterressaid.DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2024，upfrom39,194inthesameperiodin2024，INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months，”CarlosNobre，aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo，toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest，whosedegradation(恶化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined，buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil'sborders，reachingPeruvian，ParaguayanandBolivianregions.【语篇解读】科学家和环保组织担忧席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变更危机，威逼生物多样性。今年，位于巴西的部分亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Increasing. B．Relieving.C．Ignoring. D．Improving.B[词义揣测题。依据其次段第三、四句可知，大片的热带雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它们汲取热量，而不是将热量反射回大气中；此外，热带雨林还储存二氧化碳并制造氧气，以确保更少的二氧化碳被释放。由此可知，热带雨林能够减轻气候变更带来的影响。故可推知画线词的含义与“relieving”的含义相近，故选B。]6．WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'sandAntónio'swords?A．Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.B．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.C．Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.D．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B[推理推断题。依据第三段中Thomas所说的话“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople”以及António所说的话“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity”可知，Thomas认为任何森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和人们的威逼，António认为在全球气候危机的状况下，我们担当不起氧气和生物多样性的主要来源(即亚马逊雨林)被更多破坏的后果。由此可推知，两人意在表明，雨林大火导致了严峻的后果。故选B。]【干扰项分析】依据上述分析可知，两人并没有强调生物多样性成就了雨林的独特性，故A项表述错误。7．WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4?A．Toprovetheimportanceoftherainforest.B．Toshowthereasonforforestfires.C．Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.D．Topresentthereductioninrainforestareas.D[推理推断题。依据第四段第一句中的“thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreased”和第三句中的“theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percent”可推知，第四段列举数字是为了说明，亚马逊雨林由于森林火灾的影响，其面积削减了一些。故选D。]8．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theclimatechangecrisisisworsening.B．Theforestareasareonthedecline.C．“Thelungsoftheworld”isburning.D．Theworld'secosystemisunderattack.C[主旨大意题。文章第一段为文章的总述部分，表明本年席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变更危机，威逼生物多样性；其次至第五段介绍了亚马逊雨林火灾对生物多样性以及森林面积等的影响，其中第四段又突出强调亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。由此可知C项符合题意。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·兰州市高三诊断考试)Iwasstandinginaclassofwild14­year­oldgirlsastheythrewpaperandhowled(大声叫喊)withlaughter.Theywouldn't__1__me.Iwas23andIdidn'tknowwhatIwasdoing.Ineverwantedto__2__.Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon，theywereshortofteachers，notwriters.Myeffortstoteachwere__3__.Whenthebellfinallyrang，Irushedtothestaffroom，redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't__4__.“That's4B，theworstclassinschool，”onesaid.Idreaded(胆怯 )ournext__5__，butIcouldn'tgiveup.Ineededthejob.So，I__6__formallessons.Instead，Ibrought__7__forclassdiscussions.Oneoftheliveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeirparents.Theypaidattentionandsharedabouttheirlives.Iwas__8__.SoIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Mostwroteaboutfamilieswithlittlemoneyandbigproblems.Astimewenton，theiressaysbecamea__9__betweenus.Iadmiredtheirhumor，toughnessandinsight，andIthoughtthey__10__myinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEnd，buttheyhadneverseena__11__stageperformance.TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd，butnonehadeverbeenthere.Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical.TheythoughtIwas__12__.Noteacherhadever__13__takingthemout.Afewweekslater,4BandIweresittingina__14__.Theylovedthemusic，thecostumesandthecharacters.Itwasthe__15__oftheiryear，andtheytalkedaboutitfordays.Neartheendofthesemester，someoneknockedonthedoorofthestaffroom.Thetwomostrebellious(叛逆的)girlsin4Bwerethere—withflowers.IwasproudtoknowIhad__16__theirlives.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith__17__.WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater，Istillwantedtobea__18__.Forthefirsttimeinmylife，Istopped__19__andstartedwriting.MyfirststorywastitledMyFairLadies.Teachingwasn'tthe__20__ofmywritingcareer；itwasthebeginning.【语篇解读】“我”想做一名作家，但是伦敦缺的是老师，于是“我”做了一名老师。由于带了全校最差的班级，起先时“我”不知所措。后来“我”变更了常规的授课方式，激励学生们写自己经验的故事，带她们去观赏音乐剧。“我”的行为触动了她们的内心……1．A.listento B．hearaboutC．catchupwith D．takecareofA[依据上文可知，这些女生扔纸并大声谈笑；依据下文可知，23岁的“我”不知所措；据此可以推断，这些女生不听我讲话；A项意为“听……”，故A项正确。]2．Amunicate B．teachC．discuss D．workB[依据下文可知，“我”想要当一名作家；上文提到，对这群在教室里高声谈笑的女生“我”一筹莫展，据此可以推知，“我”不准备教学，B项意为“教学”，故B项正确。]3．A.successful B．persistentC．unforgettable D．hopelessD[依据下文可知，我气得脸都红了，同事告知我说这个班是最差的班；据此可以推知，我感到努力毫无希望；D项意为“无望的”，故D项正确。]4．A.embarrassed B．happyC．surprised D．worriedC[依据后句可知，其中一个老师告知我说，4B班是全校最差的班级；据此可以推知，对于这种状况，其他老师并不感到惊奇；C项意为“觉得惊奇的”，故C项正确。]5．A.appointment B．meetingC．task D．performanceB[依据上文可知，班里的女生高声谈笑不听“我”讲话，据此可以推知，“我”胆怯 和她们再次见面，B项意为“见面”，故B项正确。]6．A.abandoned B．designedC．took D．hatedA[依据后句中的“forclassdiscussions”可知，“我”放弃了常规教学，以班级探讨的方式取代；A项意为“放弃”，故A项正确。]7．A.papers B．rewardsC．topics D．assistantsC[依据该句中的“brought”，并结合语境可知，“我”准备了班级探讨的话题；C项意为“话题”，故C项正确。]8．A.fascinated B．disappointedC．puzzled D．relaxedA[依据后句可知，“我”让她们写下她们的故事；据此可以推知，“我”对她们的探讨很入迷；A项意为“入迷的”，故A项正确。]9．A.deal B．bridgeC．guide D．secretB[依据该句中的“betweenus”并结合语境可知，这些文章成了“我”和她们之间联系的桥梁；B项意为“桥梁”，故B项正确。]10．A.praised B．understoodC．ignored D．appreciatedD[依据上文可知，“我”观赏她们的幽默、坚毅和洞察力；结合该句中的“myinterestintheirlives”可以推知，“我”认为她们也会感谢“我”对她们生活的关注；D项意为“感谢，感谢”，故D项正确。]11．A.good B．familiarC．famous D．liveD[依据该句中的“but”及后一句“TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd...there”可知，尽管她们的住处离伦敦西区很近，但是她们没有看到过现场表演；D项意为“现场演出的”，故D项正确。]12．A.lying B．guessingC．joking D．promisingC[依据后句中的“Noteacherhadever”可知，没有老师带她们出去过；据此可以推知，当“我”问她们是否要去看现场表演时，她们认为“我”在开玩笑，故C项正确。]13．A.admitted B．dislikedC．minded D．suggestedD[依据上文中的“Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical”可知，“我”提议她们出去看音乐剧；结合该句中的“takingthemout”可知，之前没有老师提议带她们出去，D项意为“提议”，故D项正确。]14．A.bookstore B．theaterC．library D．classroomB[依据上文中的“Iaskedif...themusical”可知，“我”提议她们出去观赏音乐剧；结合该句中的“4BandIweresittingin”可以推知，数周后的一天，“我”和她们坐在了一家剧院里；B项意为“剧院”，故B项正确。]15．A.highlight B．goalC．story D．achievementA[依据该句中的“andtheytalkedaboutitfordays”可知，她们谈论了几天时间；据此可以推知，这是她们一年中最精彩的一天；A项意为“最精彩的部分”，故A项正确。]16．A.found B．touchedC．created D．savedB[依据前句可知，有两位最叛逆的女生拿着花来到教员的办公室，结合上文叙述的“我”和她们观赏音乐剧可以推知，“我”触及了她们的生活，B项意为“触及”。]17．A.colleagues B．parentsC．teenagers D．playersC[依据该句中的“andgettingalongwith”，并结合上文叙述的“我”傲慢地得知“我”触及了她们的生活可以推知，“我”喜爱上了教学，和青少年们相处融洽；C项意为“青少年”，故C项正确。]18．A.teacher B．writerC．performer D．listenerB[依据第一段倒数其次句“Iwantedtobeawriter”可知，我想要当一名作家；结合后句中的“startedwriting”可知，“我”起先写作；据此可以推知，“我”仍旧想要做一名作家，故B项正确。]19．A.dreaming B．hesitatingC．travelling D．learningA[依据该句中的“startedwriting”，并结合语境可知，第一次“我”不再幻想，而是真正起先写作；A项意为“想象，幻想”，故A项正确。]20．A.idea B．partC．end D．planC[依据该句中的“itwasthebeginning”可知，教学是“我”写作的起先，据此可知，空处与句中的“beginning”对应，表示“终结”，故C项正确。]课时提能练(四十四)选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·江西金太阳联考)Burningcoaltoprovideenergyaddsplanet­warmingcarbondioxide,orCO2,toEarth'satmosphere.Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.CO2mustalsobeobliteratedfromtheatmosphere,theysay.ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveCO2directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.ButanewreportfromtheU．S.NationalAcademyofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbon­removaltechnologyalreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsarecost­effectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslargeareas.ForestsusedtocovermuchoftheAppalachianMountainsintheeasternUnitedStates.InthestateofWestVirginia,akindofminingknownasstripmining(露天开采)leftthelandtherebare,withouttrees.Nowexpertsareworkingtobringbacktheforeststhatoncecoveredmuchofthestate.WestVirginia'sMonongahelaNationalForestishometoararegroupoftrees.Theyarecalledvirgin(原始的)woods;theyhaveneverbeentouchedbyhumans.ShaneJones,abiologistwiththeU．S.ForestService,saysthetreesthereweremissedbymistakewhenthesurroundingforestwascutdownforwoodmanyyearsago.Thatmistaketurnedouttobeagoodthing;redspruce(云杉)forestssuchasthoseintheMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCOExpertssay,natureofferspowerfultoolstofightclimatechange.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。燃烧煤导致了大量的能引起温室效应的二氧化碳排放到了大气中，仅仅是削减二氧化碳的排放并不足以避开全球气候变暖带来的灾难。现有的试验阶段的去除二氧化碳的机器又太贵，无法大面积普及运用。还好一项新的探讨表明，有效又经济的去除二氧化碳的方法已经存在，那就是森林。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obliterated”meaninParagraph1?A．Prevented. B．Cleared.C．Produced. D．Stored.B[词义揣测题。由划线句子上一句“Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.(随着地球变暖，专家警告说仅仅是削减二氧化碳的排放并不足以避开全球气候变暖带来的灾难。)”可推知，划线词所在句意为“二氧化碳必需从空气中移除”。划线单词也与下段首句“ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveCO2directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.(现有的干脆从空气中移除二氧化碳的试验机器太贵，无法广泛运用。)”中的remove呼应。Prevented阻挡，阻碍；Cleared移走，清除；Produced生产，制造；Stored贮藏，保存。故选B。]2．What'stheadvantageofforestscomparedwiththeexistingexperimentalmachines?A．Theyreleasemoreoxygen.B．TheyclearmoreCO2.C．Theysavemoremoney.D．TheyabsorbCO2faster.C[细微环节理解题。由其次段中的“ButanewreportfromtheU．S.NationalAcademyofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbon­removaltechnologyalreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.(美国国家科学、工程和医学院的一项新报告表明，有效的去除二氧化碳的技术已经存在。它花费不高，甚至不是困难的科学。它就是森林。)”可知，与现有的试验机器相比，森林的好处是省钱。故选C。]3．WhydoestheauthormentionWestVirginiainParagraph3?A．Toprovetheplaceisunsuitableforhumansurvival.B．Tostressplantingtreesispracticalforcleanair.C．Toindicatetreesaredifficulttoliveonsuchpoorsoil.D．Toshowpeopleinthestatearenowlivingahardlife.B[推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsarecost­effectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslargeareas.(探讨显示，植树造林是划算的清理空气的方法。它们也适合大面积的运用。)”可知，本段中的举例是为证明用植树造林来清理空气是切实可行的。故选B。]4．Whatcanweknowabouttheredsprucetrees?A．TheycanonlybefoundinMonongahelaB．Theyweregiventhenamevirginwoodsforbeauty.C．Theywerecutdownforwoodbyfarmers.D．Theycouldstorecarbondioxideinthesoil.D[细微环节理解题。由第四段中的“redspruce(云杉)forestssuchasthoseintheMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCO2outoftheatmosphereandlockingitintothesoil(像莫农加希拉的这些云杉在汲取空气中的二氧化碳，并将它们锁在土壤内这些方面是极其有效的)”可知，云杉能将二氧化碳储存在土壤中。故选D。]B(2024·威海模拟)A2024reportfoundthatfoodwastewouldincreasebyathirdto2.1billiontonsby2030.Beyondthecostofthewasteitself，thrown­awayfoodgeneratesagasthatcontributestoclimatechange.Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo­thirds，butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentallyfriendly.Tailor­mademealkitscutwastebyprovidingpeoplewithpreciseamountsoffreshingredients(烹饪原料)forchosenrecipes，meaningleftoversareminimized.Butwhilethedeliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste，buyingthesamefoodingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecausemealkitsusesomuchsingle­usepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifpeoplehavemealsthataretailoredforconsumption，theywon'toverbuyandhavelessfoodwaste.Theyfine­tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.Thepackagingisakillerifit'ssingle­useandthrownaway，whichcanmakealltheenvironmentalbenefitslost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。套餐可以削减食物奢侈，但包装是个问题。家庭送餐包可以削减超过三分之二的食物奢侈，但供应商须要改用可重复运用的包装，使其更加环保。5．Whatcanwelearnabouthomedeliverymealkits?A．Theycancutdownondailyexpenses.B．Theywilltotallysolvetheproblemoffoodwaste.C．Theycankeepenergyconsumptiontoaminimum.D．Theywillbenefittheenvironmentwithreusablepackaging.D[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo­thirds(家庭送餐包可以削减三分之二的食物奢侈)”可知可利用的包装对环保有益。故选D。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fine­tune”inParagraph3mean?A．Attach. B．Adjust.C．Raise. D．Compare.B[词义揣测题。第三段主要讲解并描述量身定制餐会降低奢侈。依据画线句“Theyfine­tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.(人们可以依据将要吃多少来调整食物数量。)”可知，fine­tune意为“调整，调整”，故选B。]7．Theauthorsuggestscarryingmealswithadeliverytruckto________.A．reducetransportemissionsB．savemorefoodC．shoponlyinthesupermarketD．shortencartripdistancesA[推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.”可知餐盒可以削减交通排放，运输卡车可以一次给小区许多人送餐饭，削减交通排放。故选A。]8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetomealkits?A．Supportive. B．Unfavorable.C．Objective. D．Indifferent.C[推理推断题。依据最终一段“However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.”可知探讨表明外卖饭盒比超市买食物会耗费更多的能源，再依据最终一句“Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.(但是假如这些包装能够被再利用，对我们还是会有一些好处的。)”可推出作者对饭盒的运用是客观的看法。故选C。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2024·济宁冲刺卷)HealthySee,HealthyDoVisitthegrocerystoreonanemptystomach,andyouwillprobablycomehomewithafewthingsyoudidnotplantobuy.Buthungerisnottheonlycauseofadditionalpurchases.Thelocationofstoredisplays(摆放)alsoinfluencesourshoppingchoices.1Thecheckoutareaisaparticularhotspotforjunkfood.Studieshavefoundthattheproductsmostcommonlyfoundtherearesugaryandsaltysnacks.23Ithasbeenworkingwithmorethan1,000storeownerstoencouragethemtoorderandpromotenutritiousfoods.“Weknowthatthestoresarefullofcues(示意)meanttoencourageconsumption，”saysTamarAdjoian,aresearchscientistatthedepartment,“Makinghealthyfoodsmoreconvenientorappealingcanleadtoincreasedsalesofthoseproducts.”Adjoianandhercolleagueswonderedifsuchfindingswouldapplytotheircity'scrowdedurbancheckoutareas,sotheyselectedthreeBronxsupermarketsfortheirownstudy.4Thentheyrecordedpurchasesoversixthree­hourperiodsineachstorefortwoweeks.Ofthemorethan2,100shopperstheyobserved,just4percentboughtanythingfromthecheckoutarea.Amongthosewhodid,however,customersinthehealthylinespurchasednutritiousfoodsmorethantwiceasoftenasthoseinthestandardlines.5ThesefindingswerereportedinSeptemberintheJournalofNutritionEducationandBehavior.Thepotentialinfluencemayseemsmall,butAdjoianbelievesthatchangingmorecheckoutlineswouldopencustomers'eyestonutritious,lower­caloriefoods.HealthdepartmentofficialsarenowexploringwaystoexpandhealthyoptionsatcheckoutcountersthroughoutNewYorkCity.A．Thesefoodsgivepeoplemoreenergy.B．Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.C．Anditmaymakeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits.D．Thesupermarketsbegantooffernutritious,lower­caloriefoods.E．ThesefindingscaughttheattentionofNewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth.F．Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.G．Andafewstudieshavesuggestedthatsimplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章用几个试验向我们证明白商店里商品的摆放位置，特殊是结账处旁边的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。1．C[空格位于首段最终一句。空格前一句句意为：店内商品的摆放位置也会影响购物的选择。选项C中的it与上句话中的“Thelocation”可形成指代关系，并且“makeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits”与文章主题HealthySee,HealthyDo(看到的健康的，买的就是健康的)呼应。故选C。]2．G[空格位于段中。空格前句意为：结账处摆放的商品常常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的两个举例都是强调假如购物者看到的常常是健康食品的话，他们会更多的选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应当是强调换一下摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。选项G中的“simplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior(简洁地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能变更顾客的购物行为)”与这一语境呼应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。]3．E[空格位于段首。由本段中的“aresearchscientistatthedepartment”可知，前边应当出现过department，选项E中的“DepartmentofHealth”与之呼应。故选E。]4．F[空格位于段中。分析文章结构，第四段和第五段主要讲解并描述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验。空格前句意为：为了证明把健康食品放在收银处，是不是影响拥挤的市区内的顾客的购买行为，他们选择了三家超市。空格后句意为：他们连续三周每天分六次每次三小时记录购买状况。可以推知，中间一句话应当是试验的设置方式。选项F“Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.(他们把收银处旁边的糖和饼干换成了水果和坚果。)”与这个试验的目的一样。故选F。]5．B[空格位于段中。这一段讲解并描述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的“Thesefindings”可知，前边至少有两项发觉。空格前句意为：在那些在收银处买了东西的人当中，站在健康食品队列的人比站在不健康食品队列的人买了多于两倍的东西。这是一个发觉，选项B中的“Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.(他们买不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。)”与上一句句式接近，并且表达的是与上一句意思一样的一个发觉，又与下句中的“Thesefindings”呼应。故选B。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2024·抚顺模拟)Lastweek,anactivitycalled“BeijingoperaenteringCampus”washeldinourschool.Inthemorning,twoartists，1.________actingskillswerewonderful,cametoourschoolasplanned.When2.________(reach)theroom,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.Afteracasualchat,theartists3.________(invite)tothehalltogiveusadetailedintroductiontoBeijingopera.Withgreat4.________(expect),welistened5.________(attentive)andlearnedthattherearefivemainrolesinBeijingopera,andthefacialmaskoneachofthemtellsthecharacteristicsoftherole.TohelpusbetterunderstandBeijingopera,theartistalsoshowedusseveralclassic6.________(example)ofsingingandacting.Afterthelecture,wecouldn'twaittostartthefollowingtrainingsessions.Oneartistshowedushowtopaintthefacialmaskonourface,andtheothertaughtusthetypicalmovesstep7.________step.Underthe8.________(patience)guidanceoftheartists,welearnedthebasicskillsanddevelopedastronginterest.Afterseveralrehearsals,wewerereadytostageascenefromJourneytotheWest.Ontheperformingday,withexcitementandnervousness,IplayedSunWukongwiththeladyartist.Toourgreatdelight,ourperformancewontheapplauseofourschoolmates.Throughthisactivity,I'vefoundBeijingoperaappealing9.________learneditmusttakealongandhardtraining10.________(become)agoodperformer.IamexpectingtospreadBeijingoperatomoreaudiences.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了上周在作者学校实行的一个名为“京剧走进校内”的活动过程。1．whose[考查定语从句。本句为定语从句修饰先行词artists，且先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。]2．reaching[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，reach在句中作非谓语动词，与逻