信息必刷卷 04(北京专用)(原卷版)

答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页年高考英语考前信息必刷卷04北京专用北京属于自主命题地区，2022年统考英语听说考试与笔试分离，实行计算机考试，一年两次考试，取听说最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。英语听说考试共计50分，英语科目总成绩满分150分。笔试部分题型：完形填空（10小题，满分15分）+短文填空（三篇短文10小题，满分15分）+阅读理解（四篇短文14小题，满分28分）+七选五（5小题，满分10分）+阅读回答问题（4小题，满分12分）+书面表达（1小题，满分20分）.回顾2022年高考卷北京卷完形填空是一篇记叙文，考查点：动词词义辨析（4个），动词短语（1个），形容词（3个），副词（1个），名词（1个）。语法填空A篇是一篇记叙文，考查点：介词，不定式，动词时态各一题；B篇是说明文，考查点:非谓语，宾语从句，主谓一致各一题；C篇是记叙文，考查点：反身代词，定语从句，形容词比较级，动词时态各一题。阅读理解A篇应用文，考查点：细节理解题（3题）；B篇记叙文，考查点：细节理解题（3题），推理判断题（1题）；C篇说明文，推理判断题（2题），细节理解题（1题）；D篇，议论文，（推理判断题，细节理解题，词义猜测题，主旨大意题各一。）阅读表达是一篇说明文，写作是一篇应用文-建议信。本套试卷完形填空是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一个项目，旨在让那些害羞的孩子通过与马建立联系，逐渐变得自信开朗。短文填空（A篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原因。B篇一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系；C篇是一篇说明文。中国研究人员在海底部署了原位科学实验站，使得深海科学研究成为可能，文章介绍了实验站的工作原理）。阅读理解（A篇是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最好的四个滑雪胜地；B篇是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了83岁的阿尔·梅里特在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。在不离开自己的社区的情况下，他完成了“环球”骑行——24901英里。这一壮举鼓舞了社区所有的人;C篇是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是超声技术在实践中的应用以及当前存在的问题；D篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染）。七选五是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了家庭聚餐的意义及家庭聚餐应考虑的问题。阅读表达是一篇说明文。书面表达是演讲稿。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.Sowhenshewasaskedtofeedcarrotstothereddish-brownhorsenamedCharlieonasummerSaturday,sheapproached____1____,unsureofherselfattimes,turningaroundtoagroupofchildrenwaitingfortheirturntofeedhim.Oliviaeventuallymadeittothehorse’smouthandCharlielicked(舔)herhandsasshe____2____himhisfavoritetreat.Oliviawasamused.“That’swhatIcalla(an)____3____,”saidSabrina,asocialworkerwhohasteamedupwiththecommunityorganizationAlkebu-lanVillagetohelpchildrenovercometheirproblemsandkeepthemonpathsto____4____.“I’mexcited,”Oliviasaidsmiling.“Ilovepettinghim.”Theprogram“StopHorsingAround”atAlkebu-lanVillagewaslaunchedthissummerwithoveradozenkidssigningup.Theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses____5____eventuallytheygotachancetoridethem.By____6____theprogram’shorseswithSabrina’shelpandforming____7____withthem,childrenbecomemoreself-awareandthenbegintorecognizeandfacenegativefeelingsandbehaviors,whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothersandleadtosignificantpositivechangestotheir____8____skills,self-worthandbehaviorissues.SabrinafirsttaughtthechildrenthatCharlieneededtobecome____9____withthembysmellingtheirhands.OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.Their____10____consistentlyturnedintosmiles,laughterandexcitement.1．A．happily B．calmly C．slowly D．directly2．A．fed B．left C．made D．threw3．A．award B．exchange C．negotiation D．breakthrough4．A．fame B．success C．responsibility D．freedom5．A．before B．after C．as D．though6．A．takingover B．walkingwith C．caringfor D．respondingto7．A．routines B．bonds C．judgements D．ideas8．A．technical B．survival C．organizational D．social9．A．popular B．familiar C．satisfied D．patient10．A．resistance B．disappointment C．misunderstanding D．hesitation【答案】1．C

2．A

3．D

4．B

5．A

6．C

7．B

8．D

9．B

10．D【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一个项目，旨在让那些害羞的孩子通过与马建立联系，逐渐变得自信开朗。1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，当她在一个夏天的周六被要求喂红褐色的马查理胡萝卜时，她慢慢地走近，有时不自信，转向一群等着喂它的孩子。A.happily高兴地；B.calmly平静地；C.slowly缓慢地；D.directly直接地。根据第一段第一句“Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.(9岁的奥利维亚一开始很害羞。她以前从未骑过马。)”可知她很害羞，所以当她被要求喂马时，她应该是缓慢地靠近。故选C项。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥利维亚最终把胡萝卜放到了马口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜欢的食物。A.fed喂；B.left离开；C.made做；D.threw扔。通过上文可知她不敢喂马到最终把食物喂到了马的嘴里。当她把食物喂到马的嘴里时，查理舔了舔她的手。故选A项。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A.award奖项；B.exchange交流；C.negotiation谈判；D.breakthrough突破。根据上文Oliver由开始的害羞不敢喂马，到最后把食物喂到马的嘴里，这是一种突破。故选D项。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A.fame名声；B.success成功；C.responsibility责任；D.freedom自由。这个项目是帮助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故选B项。5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马，最后才有机会骑上它们。A.before在……之前；B.after在……之后；C.as当……时候/因为；D.though虽然。根据句意可知，在他们骑马之前需要学会接近马，喂马和刷马等。故选A项。6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A.takeover接管；B.walkwith与……同行；C.carefor照顾/关心；D.respondto回应。通过前文“theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses(他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马)”可知，孩子们通过照顾马和马建立联系。故选C项。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A.routines常规；B.bonds联系；C.judgements判断；D.ideas主意。根据句意，孩子们通过照顾马与马建立联系。故选B项。8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A.technical技术的；B.survival幸存的；C.organizational组织的；D.social社会的；社交的。根据本句“whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothers(这能帮助孩子与他人沟通)，表明孩子们的社交技能将会发生积极变化。故选D项。9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子们，查理需要通过闻他们的手来熟悉他们。A.popular流行的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.satisfied感到满意的；D.patient有耐心的。根据下一句“OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子们就学会了如何抚摸他的脸和头，然后学会了如何使用牵绳，收拾查理的烂摊子，给他喂胡萝卜。)”可知，查理一开始是先从闻手上的气味开始熟悉孩子们。一旦熟悉了，孩子们就可以抚摸他们的脸和头。故选B项。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的犹豫相符地变成了微笑、笑声和兴奋。A.resistance抗拒；B.disappointment失望；C.misunderstanding误解；D.hesitation犹豫。由最后一段“Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.(奥利维亚并不是唯一一个一开始就紧张害羞的孩子。但最终奥利维亚也不是唯一一个离开时更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子们由一开始的犹豫最后转变为了自信和微笑。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Schlossandherpartnersetouttofindout____11____peoplelikecertaincolorsmorethanothers.Theirstudiessuggestthatcolorpreference____12____(cause)byhowsomeonefeelsaboutobjectsofthatcolor.Forexample,peopleoftenlikeblue____13____itremindsthemofclearskiesandcleanwater.Ontheotherhand,peopletendtoshyawayfrombrownbecausetheyareremindedofthefoodthathasgonebad.【答案】11．why

12．iscaused

13．because【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原因。11．考查宾语从句。句意：施洛斯和她的搭档着手研究为什么人们更喜欢某些颜色。根据下文内容可知，下文解释的是人们为什么对颜色有偏好的原因。故填why。12．考查动词语态。句意：他们的研究表明，颜色偏好是由某人对这种颜色的物体的感觉造成的。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；colorpreference和cause之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，preference为不可数名词。故填iscaused。13．考查原因状语从句。句意：例如，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水。根据句意可知，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水，应用because引导从句，意为“因为”。故填because。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Researchontherelationshipbetweengratitude(感恩)andphysicalhealthisstillexploring.Theevidenceofexistingstudies____14____(suggest)thattheremaybeaconnection.Itappearsthatmoregratefulpeoplereportsleepingbetterandfeeling____15____(healthy).Besides,gratitudemayleadpeopletoengageinbehaviorsthathelpkeepthemhealthy,likenotsmoking.Nowresearchersstillneedtomakeitclear____16____gratitudeissogoodforourhealth.【答案】14．suggests

15．healthier

16．why【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系。14．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现有研究的证据表明可能存在关联。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“evidence”意为“证据”，为不可数名词，故空格处应用“suggest”的三单形式“suggests”。故填suggests。15．考查形容词比较级。句意：似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感觉更健康。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作表语，根据句意和句中“better”可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人进行比较，感恩的人睡得更好，感觉更健康，故空格处应用“healthy”的比较级“healthier”。故填healthier。16．考查宾语从句。句意：现在，研究人员仍然需要弄清楚感恩对我们的健康是否如此有益。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，“it”作形式宾语，空格处单词引导从句，作真正的宾语，根据上文“gratitudemayleadpeopletoengageinbehaviorsthathelpkeepthemhealthy,likenotsmoking”可知：感恩能让人们做帮助保持健康的行为。所以想弄清楚“为什么感恩对于健康有好处”。故填写why.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Chinese____17____(researcher)havedeployedanin-situscientificexperimentstationontheseabedthatwillenablelong-termuncrewedscientificresearchinthedeepsea.Thein-situscientificexperimentstationisanewdeep-seasystem____18____(suggest)byChinainrecentyears.Usually,____19____(tradition)marinesurveystakesamplesfromtheseabedandgetthemtestedinthelandlabs.Forin-situtestinginthedeepsea,damageorlossofsampledataduetoenvironmentalchangescan____20____(avoid).【答案】17．researchers

18．suggested

19．traditional

20．beavoided【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国研究人员在海底部署了原位科学实验站，使得深海科学研究成为可能，文章介绍了实验站的工作原理。17．考查名词。句意：中国研究人员已经在海底部署了一个原位科学实验站，这将使长期无人在深海进行科学研究成为可能。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，结合谓语动词havedeployed可知，谓语为复数形式，故主语也需用复数形式。故填researchers。18．考查非谓语动词。句意：原位科学实验站是近年来中国提出的一种新型深海系统。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为anewdeep-seasystem，和动词suggest二者之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，此处整个分词短语作后置定语。故填suggested。19．考查形容词。句意：通常，传统的海洋调查从海底采集样本，然后在陆地实验室进行测试。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的marinesurveys，此处应填形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，表示“传统的”。故填traditional。20．考查动词语态。句意：在深海进行原位测试，可以避免由于环境变化造成样品数据的损坏或丢失。分析句子可知，设空处在句中和前面的can一起构成谓语，主语为damageorlossofsampledata，与avoid之间为被动关系，故此处应用被动语态bedone结构。故填beavoided。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIt’snosecretthatsomeoftheworld’sbestskiresorts(胜地)arefoundwithinSwitzerland’soutstandingmountains.Herearesomeofthem.Grindelwald—WengenIfyou’relookingforaSwisspostcardskiexperience,thenGrindelwaldistheplaceforyou.ThebeautifulNorthFaceoftheEigertowersoverthisprettymountainvillage,whichhasalonghistoryofmountainclimbingandskiing.Itsmainskiareacanbeskiedonthesameliftticket!There’snobetterwaytogetupthemountainherethanbytrain.OpeningDate:Nov.26,2022

ClosingDate:Apr.16,2023FlimsLaaxFaleraWhatpullsinskiersandsnowboardersfromallovertheworldtoFlimsLaaxFaleraaretheworld-classterrain(地形)parks.There’snodenyingthisskiresortisabighitwithfreestylers,butthere’salsoplentytoattractskiers.OpeningDate:Nov.28,2022

ClosingDate:Apr.26,2023EngelbergEngelbergisarisingstarforarangeofgoodreasons,butthehighlightisthemassivefree-ridepotential.ThesecretismostdefinitelyoutasthetownfillsupeveryyearwithScandinaviansinsearchoftheirdrylightsnow.OpeningDate:Oct.15,2022

ClosingDate:May21,2023ZermattZermattisthebestofSwitzerland’sskiresorts.Thisisyourresortifyouhavethemoneytoaffordit!Fantasticrestaurantsareseenalloverthemountain,servingSwisscheesehotpotandothercookingmasterpieces.OpeningDate:Nov.26,2022

ClosingDate:Apr.30,202321．Whichskiresortdoyouchooseifyouenjoymountainvillages?A．Grindelwald-Wengen. B．FlimsLaaxFalera.C．Engelberg. D．Zermatt.22．WhatattractspeopletoFlimsLaaxFalera?A．Itsbeautifulsecenry. B．Itspleasantweather.C．Itsterrainparks. D．Itsfreeadmission.23．WhatisthemajorconcernoftravelerswhochooseZermatt?A．Transportation. B．Security.C．Price. D．Location.【答案】21．A

22．C

23．C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最好的四个滑雪胜地。21．细节理解题。根据Grindelwald—Wengen部分中“ThebeautifulNorthFaceoftheEigertowersoverthisprettymountainvillage,whichhasalonghistoryofmountainclimbingandskiing.Itsmainskiareacanbeskiedonthesameliftticket!There’snobetterwaytogetupthemountainherethanbytrain.”（美丽的艾格峰北坡耸立在这个美丽的山村之上，这里有着悠久的登山运动和滑雪历史。它的主要滑雪区域可以在同一电梯票上滑雪！在这里，没有比坐火车上山更好的路了）可知，如果你想在滑雪区欣赏山村的景色，可以来Grindelwald—Wengen。故选A。22．细节理解题。根据FlimsLaaxFalera部分中“WhatpullsinskiersandsnowboardersfromallovertheworldtoFlimsLaaxFaleraaretheworld-classterrain(地形)parks.”（吸引世界各地的滑雪者和滑雪板爱好者到FlimsLaaxFalera的是世界级的地形公园）可知，吸引人们来FlimsLaaxFalera的原因是其世界级的地形公园。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据Zermatt部分中“ZermattisthebestofSwitzerland’sskiresorts.Thisisyourresortifyouhavethemoneytoaffordit!”（Zermatt是瑞士最好的滑雪胜地，只要你有钱，这里就是你的度假胜地！）可知，当你选择滑雪胜地Zermatt时，需要考虑的是你的经济能力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。BForthepast11years,83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenareliableandcheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.Since2010,Merritthasbeentryingtoachievethemissiontocyclethecircumference(周长)oftheEarth—24,901miles—withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood.Asaresult,Merrittgottoknowmanyofhisneighbors.UpuntilOctober24,(2021),heneverrealizedthathisdailybicycletripswereasimportanttothemastheyweretohim.At3p.m.,nearly200peoplegatherednearhishometosurpriseandcongratulateMerrittontheendingofhis“round-the-world”adventure,andalargetrophy(奖杯)wasplacedinhisarms.“It’sjustunbelievable.Icouldn’thaveimaginedanythinglikethis,”hesaid.11yearsago,whenhissonKevinbroughtabike,Alstartedcyclingaround.Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,andgraduallythelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothinkbig——thecircumferenceoftheEarth.Bytheendof2020,hehadcovered21,565milesintotalandknewhecouldcompletehisgoalbytheendof2021.TherewasnocelebrationofthegoalplanneduntilNatalieLondonandTaylorPlecitycamealong.TheywerevisitingLondon’smomwhenMerrittflewbyonhisbike.Attractedbyhisstory,theywalkedovertointroducethemselves.WhentheydiscoveredMerrittwasjustweeksawayfromcompletinghisgoal,theyaskediftheycouldfilmashortdocumentary.“Wewantedtotellthestoryofthisguy.WhatMerrittrepresentsishowanindividual’ssmallactscanchangeanentirecommunity,”saidLondon.TocelebratethecompletionofMerritt’scyclinggoal,theysecretlyprintedupflyersandplacedthemondoorstepsforseveralblocks.Buteventheyweresurprisedatthehugecrowdthatgathered.AlthoughMerritthasnowachievedhisgoal,hehasnoplanstochangetheroutinethathasbe-comethehighlightofhisdailylife.24．WhatcanweknowaboutAlMerritt?A．Hebicycleswithlotsofneighbors. B．Hebeganhistaskduringhisseventies.C．Hewasawardedatrophybyhisclub. D．Hevisitedvariousplacesaroundtheworld.25．HowdidMerrittgettheideaof“round-the-world”adventure?A．Hewaspersuadedbyneighbors. B．Hissonmadeapracticalsuggestion.C．Hisphysicalcapabilityimprovedgradually. D．Hewatchedaninspiringdocumentary.26．What’sthepurposeoffilmingthisshortdocumentary?A．Toshareunforgettableexperiences. B．Topromoteahealthyoutdoorsport.C．Tostimulatepositivelifeattitudes. D．Toshowaharmoniouscommunity.27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Aseniorbikeracer. B．Anunexpectedharvest.C．Asuccessfulbigadventure. D．Aneighborhoodinspiration.【答案】24．B

25．C

26．C

27．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了83岁的阿尔·梅里特在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。在不离开自己的社区的情况下，他完成了“环球”骑行——24901英里。这一壮举鼓舞了社区所有的人。24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Forthepast11years,83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenareliableandcheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.(在过去的11年里，83岁的阿尔·梅里特(AlMerritt)在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。)”可知，83岁的阿尔·梅里特在11年前，也就是他70多岁时就开始进行这项任务。。故选B项。25．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,andgraduallythelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothinkbig—thecircumferenceoftheEarth.(一开始，他骑的车大约5英里长，然后是10到12英里，慢慢地，他骑的车越来越长。随着时间的流逝，他开始考虑更大的目标——地球的周长。)”可知，是他的体能逐渐提高，使他产生“环球”冒险的想法的。故选C项。26．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Wewantedtotellthestoryofthisguy.WhatMerrittrepresentsishowanindividual’ssmallactscanchangeanentirecommunity(我们想讲述这个人的故事。梅里特所代表的是一个人的小行为如何改变整个社会)”可推知，拍摄这部纪录片短片的目的是激发积极的生活态度。故选C项。27．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了83岁的阿尔·梅里特在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。在不离开自己的社区的情况下，他完成了“环球”骑行——24901英里。这一壮举鼓舞了社区所有的人。由此推知，D选项“一个社区的鼓舞人心的人物”能概括全文内容。故选D项。CForastronomerswhoaresighted,theUniverseisfullofvisualwonders.Fromshimmeringplanetstoshinninggalaxies(星系),theuniverseisimpressivelybeautiful.Butthosewhoarevisuallyimpairedcannotsharethatexperience.Soastronomershavebeendevelopingalternativewaystoconvey(传递)scientificinformation.Recently,thejournalNatureAstronomypublishedthelatestinaseriesofarticlesontheuseofsonificationinastronomy.Sonificationdescribesthechangeofdataintodigitalaudio(声音)files,whichallowsthemtobeheard,aswellasreadandseen.InAugust,KimberlyArcand,adata-visualizationexpertandsciencecommunicatorattheCenterforAstrophysicsandotherstransformedsomeofthefirstimagesoftheblackholeatthecentreofthePerseusclusterfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeintosound.Theyworkedundertheguidanceofpeoplewhoareblindtomaptheintensityandcoloursoflightintheheadline-grabbingpicturesintoaudio.Thesonificationofanimageofgasanddustinadistantnebula(星云),forinstance,usesloudhigh-frequencysoundstorepresentbrightlightnearthetopoftheimage,butlower-frequencyloudsoundstorepresentbrightlightneartheimage’scentre.Theblackholesonificationtranslatesdataonsoundwavestravellingthroughspace-createdbytheblackhole’simpactonthehotgasthatsurroundsit-intotherangeofhumanhearing.Scientistsinotherfieldshavealsoexperimentedwithdatasonification.SomehaveexploredwhetheritcanhelpwithdiscoveringAlzheimer’sdiseasefrombrainscans.SoundhasevenbeenusedtodescribeecologicalshiftscausedbyclimatechangeinanAlaskanforest,withresearchersassigningvariousmusicalinstrumentstodifferenttreespecies.Inthelongrun,suchapproachesneedtobestrictlyevaluatedtodeterminewhattheycanofferthatothertechniquescannot.Forallthetechnicalaccuracydisplayedinindividualprojects,theNatureAstronomyseriespointsoutthattherearenouniversallyacceptedstandardsforsonifyingscientificdata,andlittlepublishedworkthatevaluatesitseffectiveness.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impaired”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Appealing. B．Damaged. C．Directed. D．Impressive.29．TheexamplesinParagraph4areintendedto______.A．showthewidespreaduseofsonificationB．introducethecommonprocessofsonificationC．providepeoplewiththecureforparticulardiseasesD．improvetheapplicationofsonificationtomorefields30．Asforsonification,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Theuseofsonificationhelpstoanalyzedataeffectively.B．Thestandardizationofsonificationhasyettobeachieved.C．Sonificationcantransformsomedatathatothertechniquescannot.D．Lower-frequencysoundsshowbrightlightnearthetopoftheimage.【答案】28．B

29．A

30．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是超声技术在实践中的应用以及当前存在的问题。28．词义猜测题。根据前文“Forastronomerswhoaresighted,theUniverseisfullofvisualwonders.Fromshimmeringplanetstoshinninggalaxies(星系),theuniverseisimpressivelybeautiful.(对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹。从闪烁的行星到闪耀的星系，宇宙是令人印象深刻的美丽。)”，以及划线词句中的“but”可知，本句与前句构成了转折关系，前面讲述的对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹，后文应该指出对于那些视力损伤的人则不能享受此经历。故划线词impaired与B选项damaged为同义词，意为“损坏”。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientistsinotherfieldshavealsoexperimentedwithdatasonification.(其他领域的科学家也对数据声波化进行了试验。)”可知，本段中的例子主要阐述的是科学家对数据声波化进行的试验，表明超声波的广泛应用。故选A。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Forallthetechnicalaccuracydisplayedinindividualprojects,theNatureAstronomyseriespointsoutthattherearenouniversallyacceptedstandardsforsonifyingscientificdata,andlittlepublishedworkthatevaluatesitseffectiveness.(《自然-天文学》系列指出，对于个别项目中显示的所有技术精度，没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，很少有发表的工作评估其有效性。)”可知，当前，还没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，即超声技术的标准化还有待实现。故选B。DMostenvironmentalpollutioncomesfromhumansandtheirinventions.Theelectricbulbsarethoughttobeoneofthegreatesthumaninventionsofalltime.However,toomuchofagoodthinghasstartedtonegativelyimpacttheenvironment.Lightpollution,theextremeorinappropriateuseofoutdoorartificiallight,isaffectinghumanhealthandwildlifebehavior.Thereisaglobalmovementtoreducelightpollution,andeveryonecanhelp.Lightpollutionisaglobalissue.ThisbecameparticularlyobviouswhentheWorldAtlas(地图册)ofNightSkyBrightness,acomputer-generatedmapbasedonthousandsofsatellitephotos,waspublishedin2016.VastareasofNorthAmerica,Europe,theMiddleEast,andAsiaareglowingwithlight,whileonlySiberia,theSahara,andtheAmazonareintotaldarkness.Artificiallightcanwreakhavoconnaturalbodyrhythmsinbothhumansandanimals.Itinterruptssleepandconfusesthecircadianrhythm(生理节奏)一theinternal,twenty-four-hourclockthatguidesdayandnightactivitiesandaffectsphysiologicalprocessesinnearlyalllivingorganisms.Oneoftheseprocessesistheproductionofthehormonemelatonin(褪黑素),whichisreleasedwhenitisdarkandispreventedwhenthereislight.Anincreasedamountoflightatnightlowersmelatoninproduction,whichresultsinlackofsleep,headaches,stress,anxiety,andotherhealthproblems.Bluelight,inparticular,hasbeenshowntoreducelevelsofmelatonininhumans.Itisfoundincellphonesandothercomputerdevices,aswellasinlight-emittingdiodes(LEDs),thekindsofbulbsthathavebecomepopularathomeandinindustrialandcitylightingduetotheirlowcostandenergyefficiency.Studiesshowthatlightpollutionisalsoimpactinganimalbehaviors,suchasmigration(迁徙)patternsandhabitatformation.Becauseoflightpollution,seaturtlesguidedbymoonlightduringmigrationgetconfused,losetheirway,andoftendie.Largenumbersofinsects,aprimaryfoodsourceforbirdsandotheranimals,aredrawntoartificiallightandareinstantlykilleduponcontactwithlightsources.Evenanimalslivingunderthedeepseamaybeaffectedbyunderwaterartificiallighting.OnestudylookedathowanimalsinsearespondedtobrightlylitpanelsputunderwateroffthecoastofWales.Fewerfilterfeedinganimals(滤食性动物),suchastheseasquirt(海鞘),madetheirhomesnearthelightedpanels.Thiscouldmeanthattheartificiallightisalteringoceanecosystems.Thegoodnewsisthatlightpollution,unlikemanyotherformsofpollution,isreversible(可逆的)andeachoneofuscanmakeadifference!Now,manypeoplearetakingactiontoreducelightpollutionandbringbackthenaturalnightsky.Individualsareurgedtouseoutdoorlightingonlywhenandwhereitisneeded,tomakesureoutdoorlightsareproperlyshielded(遮挡)anddirectlightdowninsteadofupintothesky,andtoclosewindowblinds,shades,andcurtainsatnighttokeeplightinside.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wreakhavocon”inPara.3probablymean?A．Greatlyimprove. B．Wellmaintain.C．Strictlymanage. D．Seriouslydamage.32．Accordingtothepassage,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Lightpollutionwasfirststudiedasaglobalissuein2016.B．Deep-seaenvironmentcanhelpanimalsavoidlightpollution.C．Artificiallightaffectsthesenseofdirectionandhabitsofanimals.D．LEDscanbeusedmorebecauseoflowcostandenergyefficiency.33．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecontroloflightpollution?A．Unconcerned. B．Negative.C．Neutral. D．Positive.34．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tocallonpeopletoreducelightpollution.B．Todiscussforsandagainstsofartificiallight.C．Togivesuggestionstoprotectenvironment.D．Toshowdevelopmentprospectofartificiallight.【答案】31．D

32．C

33．D

34．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染。31．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线短语下文“Itinterruptssleepandconfusesthecircadianrhythm(生理节奏)一theinternal,twenty-four-hourclockthatguidesdayandnightactivitiesandaffectsphysiologicalprocessesinnearlyalllivingorganisms.(它会干扰睡眠，扰乱昼夜节律——几乎所有生物体内指导昼夜活动并影响生理过程的24小时生物钟)”和下文提到的人造光对人类和动物造成的危害可知，人造光会打扰睡眠，扰乱生理节律，对人类和动物产生危害，结合划线短语所在句子“Artificiallightcanwreakhavoconnaturalbodyrhythmsinbothhumansandanimals.(人造光可以对人类和动物的自然节律wreakhavocon。)”可推知，人造光可以对人类和动物的自然节律造成严重破坏。由此可知，划线短语“wreakhavocon”意思与D项“严重损害”意思一样，故选D。32．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studiesshowthatlightpollutionisalsoimpactinganimalbehaviors,suchasmigration(迁徙)patternsandhabitatformation.Becauseoflightpollution,seaturtlesguidedbymoonlightduringmigrationgetconfused,losetheirway,andoftendie.(研究表明，光污染也影响动物的行为，如迁徙模式和栖息地的形成。由于光污染，在月光引导下的海龟在迁徙过程中容易迷路，甚至死亡。)”可知，人造光影响动物的方向感和习性。故选C。33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thegoodnewsisthatlightpollution,unlikemanyotherformsofpollution,isreversible(可逆的)andeachoneofuscanmakeadifference!(好消息是，光污染，不像其他形式的污染，是可逆的，我们每个人都可以做出改变！)”可知，光污染是可逆的，每个人都可以做出改变，由此可推知，作者对光污染控制的态度是积极乐观的，故选D。34．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Lightpollution,theextremeorinappropriateuseofoutdoorartificiallight,isaffectinghumanhealthandwildlifebehavior.Thereisaglobalmovementtoreducelightpollution,andeveryonecanhelp.(光污染，极端或不适当的使用户外人工光，正在影响人类健康和野生动物的行为。有一个减少光污染的全球运动，每个人都可以帮忙。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染，所以文章的写作目的是呼吁人们减少光污染。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Familymealsareimportantandconnectfamilymembers.____35____Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutgoingtoschool,workandmore.Studieshaveshownfamilymealtimeincreasespositivesocialskills,schoolengagementanddecreasesthefrequencyofnegativebehaviors.____36____Tryingnewfoodornotrestrictingonfoodisencouraged.Childrenwhoengageinfamilymealtimearelesslikelytohaveeatingdisorders.Inaddition,thosewhosharefrequentfamilymealsaremorelikelytoeatalargernumberoffruitsandvegetablesandbelesspickyaboutfood.____37____Forexample,weneedtoconsiderthebudget,thetimeformealpreparation,theavailabilityofrecommendedfoodsorsupplements(补充物品)atatypicalgrocerystore.____38____Membersmayhavevariousculturalordietarypreferences.Inviewofthis,weshouldmakesurethattheeatingplanofferednutritionalvaluefordifferentcalorieandnutritionalneeds-forpeopleofdifferentages,differentactivitylevelsandhealthconditions.Healthyeatingshouldbeafamilyaffair,andsomerecommendeddietswillhelpyoureachthatgoalbyhighlightingeatingplansthataresafe,flexibleandnutritiousforeveryoneatthetable.Inaddition,thefoodsinthedietscanbepurchasedfresh,cannedorfrozen.____39____A．Theypreferjunkfoodlikehamburgers,friedchicken.B．Ateamofhealthexpertsthinkfamilymealsaredifficult.C．Theycangetpeopletorelaxandmaketheirrelationshipcloser.D．Italsooffersanopportunitytosethealthyeatinghabitsforkids.E．Thus,Itisconvenientandeasyforfamiliestohavefamilymeals.F．Wealsoconsideredhowadaptablethisdietwouldbeforawholefamily.G．Weshouldhaveabalanceddietandpayattentiontowhatwehaveeveryday.【答案】35．C

36．D

37．B

38．F

39．E【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了家庭聚餐的意义及家庭聚餐应考虑的问题。35．根据前文“Familymealsareimportantandconnectfamilymembers.”（家庭聚餐非常重要，可以把家庭成员联系起来。）讲述了家庭聚餐的重要性在于可以把家庭成员联系起来。因此空处承接前文，讲述家庭聚餐的意义。选项C.“它们可以让人们放松，让他们的关系更亲密。”人称代词they指代前文的“familymeals”，符合题意，故选C。36．根据前文“Studieshaveshownfamilyme