2025版高考英语一轮复习第2部分人与社会主题群4科学与技术主题语境2科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全教师用书教案

PAGE主题语境(二)科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息平安阅读理解A(2024·全国卷Ⅱ·B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh­techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath­relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child­parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot，ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes，”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould，andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher­incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently，andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls，andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了接触智力嬉戏有助于孩子发展与数学相关的技能，特殊是孩子的空间技能。1．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself­control.D．Gaininghigh­techknowledge.B[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“PsychologistSusanLevine...foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.”以及第三段内容可知，孩子们通过玩智力嬉戏可以培育空间技能。故选B。]2．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A．Parents'age.B．Children'simagination.C．Parents'education.D．Child­parentrelationship.C[细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句“Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.”可知，Levine在设计试验时，考虑到了父母的收入、教化程度以及与孩子说话的多少。故选C。]3．Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B．Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.D[细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终一句“However，boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls...”可知，男孩较女孩而言，倾向于玩更困难的智力嬉戏。故选D。]4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Ascientificstudy.C．Awomanpsychologist.D．Ateachingprogram.B[主旨大意题。阅读全文内容，尤其是最终一段“ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.”可知，该篇文章主要介绍的是一项科学探讨。故选B。]B(2024·天津7月卷·C)Forpeoplewhoareinterestedinsound，thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast，soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios，butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice，pointsitatthesuspect，andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD，远程定向声波放射器)．Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson，butitisnotForthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet，soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport，andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain，andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine，aBritishinvention，youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well，itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineon，pointitatthetarget，andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光灯)areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly，a“spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu，allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了声音技术领域的三项独创。5．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?A．Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.B．Itslowsdownarunningman.C．Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.D．Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.A[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.”可知，远程定向声波放射器会发出一种响彻云霄的声音，这种声音让人特别苦痛，会使人短暂残疾。由此可知，这种短暂残疾就是短暂性失聪，所以选择A项。]6．TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto________.A．silencethepeoplearoundyouB．removethesoundofcommercialsC．blocktheincomingsoundwavesD．stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyouD[细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Well，itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves...andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.”可知，SilenceMachine能避开不必要的声音影响你，所以选择D项。]7．Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?A．Theytravelincircles.B．Theycleartheatmosphere.C．Theycanbetransformedintoenergy.D．Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.D[细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage；similarly，a‘spotsound’createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.”可知，spotsound和spotlight的共同点是它们可以被引导到一个特定的区域，所以选择D项。]8．Directedsoundcanbeusedfor________.A．creativedesignsofrestaurantmenusB．idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstageC．differentchoicesofmusicforbusinessesD．strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomerC[细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“Thiscanbeusefulforbusinesses...Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu，allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.”可知，Directedsound可以用于公司为顾客供应不同的音乐，所以选择C项。]9．Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A．Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.B．Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.C．Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.D．Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.B[主旨大意题。作者在第一段中抛出话题“声音技术”，并在其次、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三个产品。由此可知，文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的独创，所以选择B项。]C(2024·全国卷Ⅰ·C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon，themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee­spaces.Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities，andbyextension，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology，theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive，plastic­likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的探讨人员独创了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来推断该用户是不是平安访客。10．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A．Toreducepressureonkeys.B．Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C．Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D．Tocutthecostofe­spaceprotection.D[推理推断题。依据其次段第一句“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.”以及第一段最终一句“Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.”可推知，探讨者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络平安爱护技术的成本。]11．Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A．Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B．Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C．Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D．Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.C[推理推断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的独创成为可能”，也就是问这一独创的核心依据是什么。依据其次段中的“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来推断该用户是不是平安访客，故C项符合题意。]12．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It'llbeenvironment­friendly.B．It'llreachconsumerssoon.C．It'llbemadeofplastics.D．It'llhelpspeeduptyping.B[细微环节理解题。依据题干“探讨者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可干脆定位到最终一段的最终一句话“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。]13．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Amagazine.D[文章出处题。依据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及其次段中的“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevice...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，low­costdevice等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。]D(2024·全国卷Ⅱ·D)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem？It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms，liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport，NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解决方案)．“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades，otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically，it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen，attheendoftheyear，presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin­personreview，and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria？GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem，readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.【语篇解读】主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：处理太空细菌。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。这类语篇对于启发与培育学生良好的思维品质有主动的引导作用。14．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof.B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms.D．Theydamagetheinstruments.A[推理推断题。依据第一段中的“ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation，soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。]15．WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A．Tostrengthenteacher­studentrelationships.B．Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C．Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D．Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.D[细微环节理解题。依据其次段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教化与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。]16．WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A．Checktheirproduct.B．Guideprojectdesigns.C．Adjustworkschedules.D．Gradetheirhomework.A[细微环节理解题。依据第三段的最终两句“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin­personreview...It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些中学学生的产品，故答案为A。]17．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA：TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space：TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature：AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH：ACollegeAdmissionReformB[标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把中学的教室教学与太空的探讨联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完备地结合了起来，故答案为B。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．psychologistn．心理学家2．frequentlyadv.频繁地3．professionaln．专家；专业人员4．phenomenonn．现象5．temporarilyadv.临时地6．atmospheren．大气；氛围7．identityn．身份8．preciselyadv.精确地9．straightforwardadj.坦率的10．overcomev．战胜，克服11．gravityn．重力12．projectn．工程；项目13．basicallyadv.基本上14．impactn．影响15．instrumentn．工具Ⅱ.依据所给汉语写出英文单词1．puzzlev．迷惑n．谜2．controlv．限制3．pointv．指n．点4．deadlyadj.致命的5．upsetadj.懊丧v．使担心6．stagen．舞台，阶段7．reviewn．评论8．absorbv．汲取Ⅲ.依据所给提示写出派生单词1．assessv．评估→assessmentn．评估2．statev．陈述→n.statement陈述3．disablev．使失去实力→disabilityn．残疾，失能4．directv．指示，指导→directionn．方向5．privateadj.私人的→privacyn．隐私6．secureadj.平安的→securityn．平安7．pressv．按，压→pressuren．压力8．strengthn．力气；力气→strengthenv．加强Ⅳ.依据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．thanks_to_幸亏，由于2．at_present目前3．come_up_with提出4．apply_to适用于5．other_than除了[即时演练]单句语法填空1．Davidhasastrongbody.Hehasthestrengthtodothishardwork.Wehadbetterstrengthen(strength)therelationshipbetweenus.2．Themirrorsare_controlled(control)byacomputerthatdirectsthemtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthedayandtocloseduringwindyweather.3．Iwasupsetto_find(find)mywalletmissingonarrivingattheairport.4．Atpresent，Englishisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourlife.5．Findoutaheadoftimewhatregulationsapplytoyoursituation.6．Shemakesnoreferencetoanyfeminist(女权主义者)workotherthanherown.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes.变换；转换2．Thethiefdropstotheground.倒下3．Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.渴望Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1．ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.[译文]佐治亚理工学院的探讨人员说，他们已研发出一个低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘。2．GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.[译文]戈登说，他的学生每天都会给美国宇航局的工程师发邮件探讨这个问题，打算着一个可行的太空测试方案。Ⅲ.困难晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.[分析]本句是复合句。主句主语是PsychologistSusanLevine，其后跟了一个较长的同位语结构。who引导定语从句，修饰前面的children。[译文]心理学家苏珊·莱文是芝加哥高校幼儿算术实力开发的专家，她发觉在2—4岁之间玩拼图嬉戏的孩子后期都发展出更好的空间技能。2．Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child­parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.[分析]本句主语是theresearchers，谓语部分有两个，analyzedvideorecordings和foundchildren...havebetterspatialskills。who引导定语从句，修饰children；when后面跟过去分词短语，相当于状语从句。[译文]探讨人员分析了53对孩子和父母在家中日常活动的录像，发觉当在54个月大评估时，26个月到46个月大的玩拼图嬉戏的孩子有更好的空间技能。3．Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.[分析]本句是由but连接的两个分句构成。but前的分句是个简洁句。but后分句的主语是manyoftoday'ssoundprofessionals，谓语部分是aresharing...,tocreatenewproducts是目的状语，basedonthephenomenon是过去分词短语作定语，修饰products，wecallsound是定语从句，修饰phenomenon，省略了引导词that/which。[译文]过去音响工程师在录音棚的后台工作，但现在的许多音响专业人员则和其他领域的专业人员共享他们的学问和阅历，以便创建出基于我们称之为“声音”这种现象的新产品。4．Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.[分析]主语是thekeyboard，谓语是determine。本句的宾语较为困难，包括people'sidentities和宾语从句whethertheyshouldbegivenaccessto...，二者通过and连接。破折号后的内容是进一步说明，其中whethersomeonegetsthepasswordright是regardlessof的宾语从句。[译文]因此，键盘可以确认人们的身份，进而确定是否应当允许他们访问键盘所连接的电脑，不管某人是否正确输入了密码。1．amountn．数量v．总计，相当于(1)“ahuge/largeamountof＋不行数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数(2)“hugeamountsof＋不行数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数(3)amountto总计；达到ahugeamountofcoal大量的煤炭hugeamountsofwaste大量的垃圾amounttoarefusal相当于拒绝[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Agoodamountofsleepeverynightis(be)importantforyourhealth.②Thetotalsalesofthecompanydidn'tamounttomorethanamilliondollars.[实力提升]——一句多译为了缓解交通压力，迄今为止已经花了大量的钱修新马路。①Inordertoeasethetrafficpressure,a_huge/large_amount_of_money_has_been_spentonthenewhighwayssofar.(amount)②Inordertoeasethetrafficpressure,huge/large_amounts_of_money_have_been_spentonthenewhighwayssofar.(amounts)2．pointn．观点；地点；要点；阶段；分数v．指向；面对；示意(1)onthepointof刚要……的时候(2)fromone'spointofview在某人看来(3)thereisnopointofdoingsth.做某事没有意义makeapointofdoingsth.特意做某事(4)tothepoint切题；offthepoint离题(5)pointout指出makeanoteofthekeypointsinclass在课堂上登记要点onthepointofsayingsomethingwheninterrupted刚要说点什么，突然被打断了pointoutthespellingmistakesinhiswriting指出他写作中的拼法错误[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Youmustkeepthesepoints(point)inmindwhilesettingyourgoals.②Theseteachingslitupmymind,pointed(point)outthedirectionandgavemeendlessstrength.③Itwasaturningpoint,asignthatthingsarestartingtogoinourfavor.④Let'scomestraighttothepointbecausewedon'thaveenoughtime.[实力提升]——一句多译她刚要出门，这时电话铃响了。①Shewas_on_the_point_of_going_out_whenthetelephonerang.(point)②Shewas_about_to_go_out_whenthetelephonerang.(about)3．rangen．山脉；范围；一系列v．排列；变更；变动(1)rangefrom...to...＝rangebetween...and...在……范围内变动(2)arangeof一系列……awiderangeof大范围的；各种各样的(3)in/withintherange(ofsth.)在……范围内outof/beyondtherange(ofsth.)在……范围外arangeofproducts一系列产品awiderangeofsocial，culturalandeconomicbackgrounds不同的社会、文化和经济背景inthe16－19agerange在16到19岁之间amountainrange山脉[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.②Thepriceofthecarrangesfrom20,000dollarsto30,000dollars,whichiswithinhisrange,sohedecidestobuyitatonce.[实力提升]——词汇升级一般表达：Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities，wehavemanydifferentchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.高级表达：Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities，wehavea_wide_range_ofchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.4．directvt.&vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；干脆的；直率的(1)directionn．方向；指导；指示；说明书(常用复数)inthedirectionof朝……方向inalldirections＝ineverydirection朝四面八方underthedirectionof在……的指导下(2)directlyadv.干脆地conj.一……就……directone'sattentionto将某人的留意力转向……anewfilmdirectedbyanewdirector新导演导演的一部新电影runawayinthedirectionofthecinema向着电影院的方向跑去[一词多义]——写出下列句中direct的词性和含义①(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthatdirectsthemtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthedayandtocloseduringwindyweather.v．指挥②IloveNewYorkers—they'resharp,funny,anddirect.adj.直率的③TheBeijing's8­minuteshowdirectedbyZhangYimouattractedtheworld.v.导演④(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid­March...adj.干脆的[实力提升]——完成句子①老师一进来，大家都静了下来。Directly/As_soon_as/The_moment_the_teacher_came_in，everyonewasquiet.②在老师的指导下，他很简洁完成了工作。Under_the_direction_of_the_teacher，hefinishedtheworkeasily.③在运用该设备之前肯定要先阅读运用说明。Besuretoread_the_directions_beforeusingtheequipment.5．measurevi.&vt.测量；衡量；判定n．计量制；计量单位；措施(1)measure...by...用……来衡量……bemeasuredby/in...用……来计算/衡量(2)takemeasures(todosth.)实行措施(做某事)make...toone'smeasure按某人的尺寸订做……takeeffectivemeasures实行有效措施measuringinstruments测量仪器measuremorethan9metersinheight高达9米多[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thenewbridgeunderconstruction,measuring_(measure)twiceaslongastheoldone,isduetobecompletedin2024.②Wemusttakepreventivemeasures(measure)toreducecrimeinthearea.[实力提升]——句式升级一般表达：It'shightimethatweshouldtake/tookmeasurestopreventairfrombeingpolluted.高级表达：It'shightimethatmeasures_should_be_taken/were_taken_to_prevent_air_from_being_polluted.(被动语态)1．Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.不过，目前这些技术依旧昂贵。[句型公式]本句运用了though的句型，表示“不过，然而”。(1)though用作副词，此用法放在所引导句子的末尾或者中间，常用逗号隔开，相当于however。(2)though用作连词可以放在所引导分句的句首，表示“尽管”，相当于although。(3)用于倒装句，相当于as。[基础练习]——完成句子①尽管他是个孩子，但干得很好。Child_though/as_he_was,_hedidquitewell.②工作很辛苦，不过我乐意干。It'shardwork；I_enjoy_it,_though.[实力提升]——一句多译他可能会拒绝，不过问一下也没什么坏处。①He'llprobablysayno,thoughit'sworthasking.②He'llprobablysayno.It'sworthasking，though/however.③Although/Thoughhe'llprobablysayno,it'sworthasking.2．Therealmostarenogrades，other_than“Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？”几乎没有成果等级，除了问一下“你在朝着目标努力吗？”(1)otherthan可以表示“与……不同的”。(2)otherthan经常可译为“除了……以外”。(3)no...otherthan作“除……外……不”讲。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Doesanybodyotherthanyouyourselfknowthis?②Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneotherthanyourself.[实力提升]——完成句子我们六月份外出，除此之外，我整个夏天都会在这里。WearegoingawayinJunebutother_than_thatI'llbehereallsummer.夯基固本·学问落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．It'sgenerallyacknowledgedthateducationshouldn'tbe_measured(measure)onlybyexaminationresults.2．Hewasatgreatpainsto_point(point)outmymistake.3．Largeamountsofwaterare(be)neededforthecropsasaresultofthedryclimate.4．Ihavenoambitionsotherthanto_have(have)ahappylife.5．Thereisnosuchthingasfailureintheworld.Failureisjustlifetryingmovingusinanotherdirection(direct)．Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Thoughfriendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,wenowlacktimetocommunicatewiththemfacetoface.2．ThankstomyEnglishteacher'shelp，myEnglishscoresarealwaysonthetopofmyclass.3．Afterschool，shedirectlywentoffinthedirectionofthecinematoseethenewfilmdirectedbythefamousdirector.4．Asyoucansee,ourgovernmenthastakenarangeofmeasurestoprotectandimproveourlivingsurroundings.5．Sofarnoonehascomeupwithaconvincingexplanationofwhydinosaursdiedout.强技提能·学问应用Ⅰ.阅读七选五(2024·山东师大附中4月模拟)Ifyouarethinkingaboutredecoratingthehome，youareprobablysearchingaboutinterior(内部的)decorationideas.Redecoratingpresentsagreatchancetoreflectyourpersonalitybydisplayingyourstyleandinterest.Itwillbeeasytoredecoratethehomeifmoneyisnotarestriction.1Herearesometipsonhowtodoso：Searchsomemagazines.YoucangetdozensofinteriordecorationideasfromcountlessmagazinesandTVprograms.Someprogramstendtoshowlesscostlyinteriordecorationideas.2It'sagoodwayofcomparingdifferentstyles.Hereyoucanmakeadistinctionbetweenthecountrystyleandthecontemporarystyle.Fondofprimitivestyle.Ifyouarefondofprimitiveortraditionalstyle，warmercolorsarethebestfortheroom.Thesecolorsgowithallkindsofclothofoldstyleandwoodenfurniture.3Modernstyle.Ifyoulikemodernstyle，usebrightercolorsinsteadofwhiteandoff­white.Homedecorationofthesestylesincludesminimumdisorderandalotoffreespaceandlight.Leatherfurniturematchestheroom：whiteorblackwithcontrastingcushions(靠垫)perseatingplace.45Thisoftenoccursanyway，especiallyifthepeoplegiveyoufurnitureoryouinherit(继承)thesame.Ifyouwishtocombinedifferentpiecesoffurniturefromdifferentstyles，youneedtobridgethegapbetweenthem.Thiscanbedoneeasilywithmaterialslikethrowpillows，wallhangingsandcarpets.A．Awhiteoneonablacksofasuitshere.B．Thereisnothingwronginmixingtwostyles.C．AnothereffectiveandaffordableoptionisbysurfingtheInternet.D．Thecombinationsandpossibilitiesinthefirstdecorationareendless.E．Autumncolorsgowelltoproduceawarm，friendlyandpleasantatmosphere.F．Nevertheless，thequestionformostishowtoredecoratethehomewithinlimitedbudget.G．Thewallstendtohaveoneortwopiecesofwallartratherthan6to10oftheoldertime.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了几种重新装修的方法，利用这些方法装修可以展示你的风格和爱好，反映你的特性。1．F[细微环节句。上文“Itwillbeeasytoredecoratethehomeifmoneyisnotarestriction.(假如钱不受限制的话，重新装修房子会很简洁。)”与F项“Nevertheless，thequestionformostishowtoredecoratethehomewithinlimitedbudget.(然而，对大多数人来说，问题是如何在有限的预算内重新装修房子。)”连接自然，都谈到和装修有关的资金问题，其中money和budget属于近义词复现，故选F项。]2．C[过渡句。上文提到了一种建议：“Searchsomemagazines.”，而C项“AnothereffectiveandaffordableoptionisbysurfingtheInternet.”中的关键词Another承接上文，前后部分介绍了两种找寻装修风格的途径，故选C项。]3．E[细微环节句。上文“Thesecolorsgowithallkindsofclothofoldstyleandwoodenfurniture.(这些颜色与各种旧式布料和木制家具相配。)”与E项“Autumncolorsgowelltoproduceawarm，friendlyandpleasantatmosphere.(秋天的颜色很适合产生一种暖和、友好和开心的气氛)”相呼应，前后话题一样，都是关于颜色和其他部分的搭配，其中colors是关键词，属于原词复现，故选E项。]4．A[细微环节句。上文“whiteorblackwithcontrastingcushionsperseatingplace”与A项“Awhiteoneonablacksofasuitshere.”相呼应，都讲解并描述了颜色对比显明的话题，其中white和black是关键词，属于原词复现，故选A项。]5．B[主题句。依据下文“Ifyouwishtocombinedifferentpiecesoffurniturefromdifferentstyles，youneedtobridgethegapbetweenthem.Thiscanbedoneeasilywithmaterialslikethrowpillows，wallhangingsandcarpets.”可知，本段主要讲解并描述了把两种风格的家具混合在一起增加美感，故B项“Thereisnothingwronginmixingtwostyles.(把两种风格混在一起没有问题。)”可作为本段主题句。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e­4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—1.________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole­Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis2.________(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3.________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4.________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)，moreso5.________thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e­46.________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole­Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscie